Abstract: A lead-free projectile having a metal jacket (10) with a tip in the form of a truncated parabellum. The metal jacket (10) is partially filled with cold-pressed metal powder (18), the remainder of the metal jacket being filled with metal-filled polymer (26). The metal-filled polymer (26) extends through the truncated parabellum and forms a tip on the projectile. A projectile (bullet) having a higher grain is obtained. Methods of manufacture are also disclosed.

Abstract: A frangible projectile for gun ammunition wherein the projectile includes a core formed from one or more metal powders which are pressed into a self-supporting compact and incorporated into a metal jacket. The metal jacket is initially cup-shaped (generally cylindrical in overall geometry) with an open end and a closed end. In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention the closed end of the jacket becomes the trailing end of the projectile. In another embodiment, the closed end of the jacket becomes the leading end of the projectile. In either embodiment, that surface of the closed end of the jacket which faces inwardly of the volume of the jacket is indented and stressed over substantially its entire area in accordance with a pattern which enhances the frangibility of this closed end of the projectile when the projectile strikes a target.

Abstract: A munition in the form of a projectile contains a dart having a body terminating in a front tip and ductile hammer block in the form of a ferrule engaging at least a part of the dart. The dart is formed of sections the diameters of which increase from the back to the front of the dart body, forming support shoulders. A recess in the hammer block has a shape corresponding to the dart body shape received in the hammer block. Hammer block sections form thrust shoulders which engage the corresponding dart support shoulders. When the projectile impacts a target, the thrust shoulders push against the dart support shoulders, causing the ductile hammer block to open and flare out.

Abstract: Projectiles or war-heads with an inner arrangement for the formation of bulging zones (4,4a) are proposed, comprised of an enclosed bulging medium (1) which is terminal-ballistically substantially ineffective and is radially enclosed by a penetration material (2) which is terminal-ballistically effective, with the bulging medium (1) having a lower density as compared with the enclosing penetration material (2). This leads to the effect that on impact or on penetrating a target plate (3) the bulging medium (1) remains behind relative to the encompassing terminal-ballistic effective body (2) and is laterally increasingly bulged by the bulging material (1) which continues to flow in from behind. As a result of the high pressures, a conical (crowned) pressure and bulging zone (4,4a) is formed dynamically, which zone radially widens or fragments the passing ambient effective material (5,5a).

Abstract: A powder-based projectile useful in the manufacture of gun ammunition comprising a jacket having an inner volume which is tapered from a maximum diameter adjacent the open end of the jacket to a minimum diameter adjacent the closed end of the jacket and a core formed outside the jacket and having a complementary tapered geometry with respect to the inner volume of the jacket. Projections from the outer surface of the core are embedded within the inner wall of the jacket to enhance the spin stability of the jacket/core combination and to enhance the frangibility of the projectile upon it striking a target. A method for the manufacture of the projectile is disclosed.

Abstract: A projectile for weapon ammunition including multiple cores encased in a jacket including a disc disposed between the leading end of the jacket and the cores and, with a contiguous one of the cores, defining an ogive on, and effectively closing the leading end of the jacket against the escape of powder particles from the jacket.

Abstract: Embodiments of the described method include (a) forming a core comprising a lead alloy, (b) applying copper or a copper alloy to at least a portion of an exterior surface of the core to form a jacketed bullet, (c) heating the jacketed bullet at a pre-selected temperature for a period of time sufficient to simultaneously harden the core and stress-relieve the copper jacket, and, optionally, (d) reworking a selected portion of the heat-treated bullet by mechanical reforming or annealing to lower the hardness of the reworked portion.

Abstract: Method of manufacture of a multi-component projectile 14 for gun ammunition 16 including the steps of providing a uniformly spherical ball 18 of a ductile metal, either solid metal or a self-supporting pressed compact of metal powder particles, inserting the metal ball into the open end 10 of a cup-shaped jacket 54 which houses at least one core 30, the ball being disposed between that end of the core adjacent the open end of the jacket and the open end of the jacket. Axially directed pressure against the ball deforms the ball into a generally flat disc 36. Simultaneously, the core 30 may be seated within the closed end 26 of the jacket. Thereafter, the jacket/core/disc combination is die-formed to define an ogive 42 at the open end of the jacket.

Abstract: A projectile for being propelled toward a target includes a cylindrical body of Type 55 Nitinol that has a soft martensitic state that is readily deformed by rifling in the bore of a gun barrel to form grooves which ride on the rifling to spin the projectile. The Nitinol has a low coefficient of friction with the steel barrel and is sufficiently strong to prevent shedding particles or depositing projectile material in the bore. On impact with the target, the Nitinol undergoes a strain-induced shift to an ultra-high strength state in which the projectile is capable of remaining intact and concentrating its full energy on the small area of contact for maximal penetration and damage to the target instead of mushrooming widely and spreading its energy over a wide area as conventional projectiles do. Projectiles in the form of bullets, shotgun slugs, penetrating warheads, caseless ammunition and artillery shells are described.

Abstract: A projectile for gun ammunition of 50 caliber or less, the projectile including an outer jacket having a longitudinal centerline and which houses one or more cores made up of a powder or mixture of powders comprising a frangible disc including a central region thereof formed of a compressed unbonded quantity of particles of at least one metal powder and an outer peripheral skin defined by melded ones of said at least one metal powder particles. Manufacture of the disc, a projectile including the disc and a round of gun ammunition including the disc-containing projectile are disclosed.

Abstract: A bullet, bullet jacket, and method of making the bullet and bullet jacket. The bullet jacket comprises a predominantly copper outer shell and a predominantly zinc lining. The bullet comprises the bullet jacket and a bullet core. The bullet jacket is made by forming a predominantly copper sheet and a predominantly zinc sheet. The two sheets are then adhered to one another by cladding or roll bonding, and shaped such that they can fully encase a bullet core. The bullet is then made by using conventional means to seat and enclose the bullet core within the bullet jacket of the present invention.

Abstract: A bullet comprised of a jacket of malleable metal having a closed nose portion and a rear end portion defined by a cylindrical wall, the closed nose portion having wall-weakening areas encapsulating a forward core made of a deformable material which promptly deforms, collapses axially, and expands radially to a substantial extent along with the weakened wall areas, when the bullet strikes a target. The wall weakened areas of the nose portion are ruptured by the core material to produce a collapsing and readily expanding action. These weakened wall areas are in the form of longitudinally extending, deep, internal or external, circumferentially spaced grooves with underlying web areas which are ruptured by the core material, to produce the collapsing and expanding action.

Abstract: A jacket precursor, a pellet first core precursor, and a second core precursor are provided. The pellet and second core precursor are inserted into the jacket precursor. The second core precursor is pressed against the pellet so as to deform the pellet to fill a frontal volume of the jacket precursor as a first core with relatively less (if any) deformation of the second core precursor. An aft portion of the jacket precursor is deformed to contain the second core precursor as a second core. Preferred embodiments are formed substantially as drop-in replacements for existing bullets. A match embodiment features a lead rear core and a very light front core (e.g., a carbonate powder). A non-toxic embodiment comprises a tin front core and a harder rear core.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of a projectile for small-bore weapons ammunition comprising the steps of producing a plurality of compacts from a mixture of a heavy metal powder and a light metal powder at room temperature, and without further treatment of the compacts, introducing the compacts into a metal jacket one at a time, including pressing each compact into the jacket with a pressure sufficient to ensure substantially complete filling of a respective portion of the jacket by each compact before introducing a further compact into the jacket. The compacts fill less that the entire volume of the jacket, leaving a portion of the jacket void of compacts. Prior to the pressing of the last of the compacts introduced into the jacket, a disc having an outer diameter substantially equal to the internal diameter of said jacket adjacent the open end thereof is introduced into the jacket.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of a projectile for small-bore weapons ammunition comprising the steps of producing a plurality of compacts from a mixture of a heavy metal powder and a light metal powder at room temperature, and without further treatment of the compacts, introducing the compacts into a metal jacket one at a time, including pressing each compact into the jacket with a pressure sufficient to ensure substantially complete filling of a respective portion of the jacket by each compact before introducing a further compact into the jacket. The compacts fill less that the entire volume of the jacket, leaving a portion of the jacket void of compacts. Prior to the pressing of the last of the compacts introduced into the jacket, a disc having an outer diameter substantially equal to the internal diameter of said jacket adjacent the open end thereof is introduced into the jacket.

Abstract: A bullet, bullet jacket, and method of making the bullet and bullet jacket. The bullet jacket comprises a predominantly copper outer shell and a predominantly zinc lining. The bullet comprises the bullet jacket and a bullet core. The bullet jacket is made by forming a predominantly copper sheet and a predominantly zinc sheet. The two sheets are then adhered to one another by cladding or roll bonding, and shaped such that they can fully encase a bullet core. The bullet is then made by using conventional means to seat and enclose the bullet core within the bullet jacket of the present invention.

Abstract: A bullet, bullet jacket, and method of making the bullet and bullet jacket. The bullet jacket comprises a predominantly copper outer shell and a predominantly zinc lining. The bullet comprises the bullet jacket and a bullet core. The bullet jacket is made by forming a predominantly copper sheet and a predominantly zinc sheet. The two sheets are then adhered to one another by cladding or roll bonding, and shaped such that they can fully encase a bullet core. The bullet is then made by using conventional means to seat and enclose the bullet core within the bullet jacket of the present invention.

Abstract: A projectile for gun ammunition of 50 caliber or less, the projectile including an outer jacket having a longitudinal centerline and which houses one or more cores made up of a powder or mixture of powders comprising a frangible disc including a central region thereof formed of a compressed unbonded quantity of particles of at least one metal powder and an outer peripheral skin defined by melded ones of said at least one metal powder particles. Manufacture of the disc, a projectile including the disc and a round of gun ammunition including the disc-containing projectile are disclosed.

Abstract: A steel projectile assuming the general shape of a teardrop compensates for the lower density of the material as compared to lead and still achieves penetration into the target that is comparable to spherical lead pellets. Additional benefit of the elongated exterior geometry of the projectile is less scatter and less aerodynamic drag during flight.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of a projectile for small-bore weapons ammunition comprising the steps of producing a plurality of compacts from a mixture of a heavy metal powder and a light metal powder at room temperature, and without further treatment of the compacts, introducing the compacts into a metal jacket one at a time, including pressing each compact into the jacket with a pressure sufficient to ensure substantially complete filling of a respective portion of the jacket by each compact before introducing a further compact into the jacket. The compacts fill less that the entire volume of the jacket, leaving a portion of the jacket void of compacts. Prior to the pressing of the last of the compacts introduced into the jacket, a disc having an outer diameter substantially equal to the internal diameter of said jacket adjacent the open end thereof is introduced into the jacket.

Abstract: The invention relates to a jacketed projectile (100), comprising a tungsten carbide hard core (5) on the front side and an centered, interlocking soft core (8) placed on the hard core (5). A closed air space (6) is located between the front area (5a) of the hard core (5) and the tip of the projectile (4). This projectile configuration provides a very high penetration potential and good dynamic and ballistic properties, enabling the inventive projectiles to be used as munition for police snipers, especially to hit targets located behind a glass.

Abstract: A disc for use in the manufacture of gun ammunition and a round of gun ammunition which includes the disc. A preferred disc comprises a mixture of metal powders compressed into self-supporting deformable disc that is incorporated along with a core into a jacket to define the projectile of a round of gun ammunition. The disc is frangible upon the projectile striking a solid or semi-solid target. Preferably the core is likewise frangible. In one embodiment the disc is incorporated into the ogive of a projectile. In another embodiment, a disc may be incorporated into a projectile comprising multiple cores, the disc being disposed between adjacent surfaces of the cores. This latter disc commonly is in addition to the disc which is incorporated into the ogive of the projectile. A round of gun ammunition incorporating a powder-based disc in the projectile thereof is disclosed.

Abstract: A projectile for small arms, incorporating a core, skirt, and driving band. The present invention's design acts to increase muzzle velocity in three main ways. The core is lightweight, therefore, the same amount of propellent will cause the present invention to be pushed out of the barrel at a higher rate than a conventional heavier bullet. Additionally, a thin skirt circumscribing the base of the projectile is incorporated into it during manufacture. All of the design characteristics of the present invention act to increase the muzzle velocity of the projectile when used with a conventional load as compared to the same load used with a conventional projectile. The increased velocity is achieved in standard small arms without modification to barrels, recoil springs, or other devices. Law enforcement officers must be extremely careful in regard to innocent bystanders who may potentially be hit be an errant bullet, or by a bullet that over-penetrates its target.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of a projectile for small-bore weapons ammunition comprising the steps of producing a plurality of compacts from a mixture of a heavy metal powder and a light metal powder at room temperature, and without further treatment of the compacts, introducing the compacts into a metal jacket one at a time, including pressing each compact into the jacket with a pressure sufficient to ensure substantially complete filling of a respective portion of the jacket by each compact before introducing a further compact into the jacket. The compacts fill less that the entire volume of the jacket, leaving a portion of the jacket void of compacts. Prior to the pressing of the last of the compacts introduced into the jacket, a disc having an outer diameter substantially equal to the internal diameter of said jacket adjacent the open end thereof is introduced into the jacket.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a multiple-component projectile which remains intact after leaving the barrel of a gun. The projectile comprises a core which includes a leading tip and a cylindrical shaft section which extends aft of the tip. A sabot sleeve surrounds the cylindrical shaft section and has a sufficient diameter to engage the rifling on the interior of a gun barrel. A rear cap connects to the aft end of the shaft section and secures the sabot sleeve to the shaft and tip. Preferred embodiments of the present invention comprise an annular lip and slot on the leading tip configured to receive the leading edge of the sabot sleeve and prevent it from separating from the core while traveling through the gun barrel and thereafter. The rear cap may also comprise an annular lip and slot configured to receive the trailing edge of the sabot sleeve and further lock the sleeve to the core thereby preventing longitudinal movement of the sleeve relative to the core.

Abstract: A bullet comprised of a jacket of malleable metal having a closed nose portion and a rear end portion defined by a cylindrical wall, the closed nose portion having wall-weakening areas encapsulating a forward core made of a deformable material which promptly deforms, collapses axially, and expands radially to a substantial extent along with the weakened wall areas, when the bullet strikes a target. The nose portion has wall-weakened areas which are ruptured by the core material to produce a collapsing and radially expanding action. These weakened wall areas are in the form of longitudinally extending, deep, internal or external, circumferentially spaced grooves with underlying web areas which are ruptured by the core material, to produce the collapsing and expanding action. This core is preferably made of rubber, urethane, silicone, or one of a substantial number of plastics, each of which has a hardness within a range of Shore A 20 to Rockwell 122.

Abstract: A small caliber shell having armor piercing capacity and extremely high precision. The shell includes a hollow metal shell casing defining an outer shape of the shell. The shell casing has a conical front tip and a rear end, the shell casing comprising an inner surface. An elongate shell core made of an extremely hard and heavy material is centered around a longitudinal axis of the shell between a first bearing surface on the inner surface in the conical front tip of the shell casing and a second bearing surface on the inner surface of the rear of the shell casing and is axially centered inside the shell casing. A support part is arranged inside the shell casing and surrounds at least a very rearmost portion of the shell core for supporting the shell core. A ballast material in the shell casing between the support part and an interior wall of the shell casing holds the support part in place.

Abstract: A mushrooming bullet having a highly improved performance in the retention of the lead core within the bullet jacket subsequent to impact, and in performing effectively over a substantially wider velocity range, the bullet retaining its lead core within its jacket substantially 98-100% of its firings at high velocities, and mushrooming more effectively at lower velocities than conventionally manufactured bullets. The jacket is characterized by a base portion which has a substantially larger interior diameter than its shank portion, and a mouth portion which is substantially softer than its shank portion. The mushrooming of the nose portion of the core and the mouth portion of the jacket is effectively arrested by the harder thick shank portion when the bullet strikes a target, and thereby minimizes the loss of lead from the core.

Abstract: A spin-stabilized projectile adapted to be fired from a weapon barrel, includes a projectile body having a length dimension, a rear length portion, an ogive-shaped front length portion and an intermediate length portion situated between the rear and front length portions; a metal guide band circumferentially mounted on the projectile body; and an undercut provided circumferentially in the intermediate length portion to define an annular chamber with an inner surface of the weapon barrel during travel of the projectile in the weapon barrel upon firing for effecting a pressure equalization of propellant gases flowing past the metal guide band to center the projectile within the weapon barrel.

Abstract: A composite shot for shot shells includes a ferrous metal core and a non-toxic coating having a density greater than that of lead. The overall density of the shot is at least as great as that of lead.

Abstract: A projectile designed to be fired from firearms. The projectile has a generally conically shaped jacket having a forward tip, rear base, a body portion, and a central axis. The jacket is formed of a first metal. Located inside the jacket is a generally conically shaped penetrant which is formed of a second metal. The penetrant is formed with a forward tip, a rear base, a body portion, and a central axis. The tip of the penetrant is positioned substantially adjacent the tip of the jacket with their longitudinal axis being aligned. Finally, a core, which is formed of a third metal, fills the jacket and is located about the tip, body, and base of the penetrant. The third metal has a hardness less than that of the first and second metals while the second metal has a hardness greater than that of the first metal.

Abstract: A bullet comprised of a jacket of malleable metal having a closed nose portion encapsulating a forward core made of rubber, the nose portion having circumferentially spaced, axially extending deep scores in its nose-defining walls, and a rear core within the jacket made of a malleable metal preferably softer than that of the jacket and hard-seated against the rear of the rubber core to bring pressure against the interior surface of the meplat and the interior surface of the nose-defining walls of the nose portion, whereby upon the bullet striking and penetrating a target, the scores will rupture and the nose-defining walls of the nose portion will collapse axially and open, and together with the rubber core, will expand substantially in a radial direction to thereby provide an adequate penetration, optimum expansion bullet.

Abstract: Shot having a lead or lead alloy core is sealed from the outside by at least one non-toxic layer which protects the environment from lead waste toxicity and which includes an abhorrent material to act as a repellant for preventing or deterring birds from ingesting or swallowing the shot.

Abstract: The instant invention is a lightweight enhanced velocity bullet consisting of a hollow cylindrically shaped metal jacket component made of brass, the body of which is filled nearly to capacity with a malleable tin-copper-silver alloy material and with the body having a flattened posterior end and with there being a second end anterior to the body which said second end is hollow within, devoid of any alloy material and tapering symmetrically to a blunt point.

Abstract: By means of this method it is possible to produce projectiles with single- or multi-element projectile bodies of different shapes and sizes simply and in a time-saving way. The jacket (1) of the projectile consists of a projectile tip (3), which is fixedly connected with a projectile casing (2) and has a centering device (5, 9) in its interior, in which the projectile body (6) is guided and maintained. The projectile body (6) is essentially cylindrical or has a diameter which increases toward the rear. The back of the projectile casing (2) is closed by means of a sealing body (15), which partially extends around the projectile body (6). In the course of producing the projectile, the projectile tip (3) is injection-molded to the projectile casing (2) in a first step, and in a second step the projectile body (6) is pushed into the centering device (5, 9).

Abstract: A sabot bullet having a jacket bullet body and a nonrotable sabot segments. The jacketed bullet has forward end portion, torso, and rear end portion. The forward end portion is constructed of multi-metals, having a tapered nose, hollow point with grooves to aid in the expansion. The torso is of solid single metal with outward tabs, which relates the slug when the sabot's external surface comes in contact with the rifling in the gun barrel. The rear portion a single metal with a rear cavity to reduce the over all weight and increase the ratio to the forward portion of bullet. A bullet embodiment with external rifling and an armor piecing sabot round is also disclosed.

Abstract: A small caliber non-toxic penetrator projectile has a first core and a second core tandemly aligned and enveloped by a jacket. The first core has a hardness greater than the hardness of the second core that has a Brinell hardness of between about 20 and about 50. The hardness of the second core is significantly higher than the hardness of lead and when the first core strikes a target, the second core resists compressive bulging. As a result, more kinetic energy is transferred to the first core rather than diffused along the surfaces of an armored target. The more efficient transfer of kinetic enables the use of lower density second cores, such as annealed copper.

Abstract: The invention is a fragmenting bullet comprising a copper jacket surrounding a core made from compressed, irregularly shaped lead rods. The bullet's nose has a truncated cone shape with a flat nose, wherein the jacket is open at the nose and extends slightly past the core. The bullet not only has the typical ability of fragmenting bullets to transfer energy to its target quickly and avoid overpenetrating the target, but is also able to penetrate soft body armor while retaining its other advantages.

Abstract: There is provided a lead-free projectile suitable for use as a bullet to be fired from a pistol or rifle. The projectile has a metallic jacket enveloping a metallic core. The core is formed from a high purity tin and has deformation properties similar to that of lead based projectiles without the environmental hazards associated with lead.

Abstract: A solid object having controlled frangibility, such as a bullet or a container for explosives, is made by combining two different metals in proportions calculated to achieve a desired density, without using lead. A wetting material is deposited on the base constituent which is made of a relative dense, hard material. The wetting material enhances the wettability of the base constituent with the binder constituent, which is lighter and softer than the base constituent.

Abstract: A non-toxic, highly frangible elongated soft-point training round bullet core which will disintegrate upon striking its target, for use in a training round in training exercises for law enforcement personnel and having a central heart of non-toxic metal selected from a group consisting of zinc, iron, steel, and copper with a plurality of wires of non-toxic metal selected from that group twisted around said heart throughout its length prior to being swaged into deforming and inter-engaging relation with the heart, and the core having been subsequently swaged into the shape of a soft-point nose of a bullet, with pressures sufficient to cause the strands of wire and the heart to inter-engage and deform while retaining their individuality at least to a limited extent, whereupon substantially all of the strands of the core, upon the core being fired and striking a target, will fragment along at least some of their original physical boundaries into discrete fragments smaller than the original size of the bullet.

Abstract: A composite projectile for an ammunition cartridge comprising a core formed for compacted power particulates and having opposite ends. The core is encapsulated within a jacket having an open end. A cap is contained with the jacket adjacent the open end thereof and is physically captured within the jacket in contiguous relationship to that end of the core nearest the open end of the jacket. The cap defines a fixed partition extending across the transverse cross section of the jacket that enhances the concentric positioning about the longitudinal centerline of the jacket of any powder particulates dislodged from that end of the core contiguous to the cap and functions as a penetrator when the projectile strikes a target. The core preferably is formed from a cold-compacted mixture of tungsten and lead powders.

Abstract: A projectile for firearms has a body (11) consisting of a plurality of disc-shaped elements (14) coaxially fitted in a holding cup (15) forcedly filled therewith.

Abstract: A dividing bullet includes a projectile body and a seam through the projectile body. The projectile body has a longitudinal central axis and a plurality of individually jacketed longitudinally extending segments. Each segment has an inner core of a first material and outer jacket of a second material substantially encasing the inner core of the first material. The plurality of jacketed segments are symmetrically disposed about the longitudinal central axis. The seam extends through the projectile body between the individually jacketed segments thereof. The individually jacketed segments are joined together at the seam by a joint that is weaker in strength than the second material making up the outer jacket of each of the jacketed segments such that the projectile body will separate at the seam into the jacketed segments upon impact with a target. The second material of the outer jacket of each of the jacketed segments is greater in strength than the first material of the inner core thereof.

Abstract: A composite projectile for an ammunition cartridge comprising a core formed for compacted power particulates and having opposite ends. The core is encapsulated within a jacket having an open end. A cap is contained with the jacket adjacent the open end thereof and is physically captured within the jacket in contiguous relationship to that end of the core nearest the open end of the jacket. The cap defines a fixed partition extending across the transverse cross section of the jacket that enhances the concentric positioning about the longitudinal centerline of the jacket of any powder particulates dislodged from that end of the core contiguous to the cap. The core preferably is formed from a cold-compacted mixture of tungsten and lead powders.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to small arms bullets and relates in particular to frangible bullets and ordinance which fragments following penetration of a variety of obstacles prior to encountering the intended target zone. The disclosure relates specifically to small arms bullets which have a high likelihood of fragmentation after target zone penetration causing a significant crush cavity following passage through obstacles including clothing, glass, building materials and other structures. The disclosed bullet design is produced in a simple and inexpensive process, provides high accuracy and fragmentation and penetration in a 5 to 15 inch target zone, at either sonic or subsonic velocities, following penetration of shielding obstacles. The bullet disclosed is of a weight and design which will permit operation at sonic or subsonic velocities, without jamming, in civilian and military small arms including automatic weapons.

Abstract: A projectile, such as a bullet, is made by combining two different metals in proportions calculated to achieve a desired density, without using lead. A base constituent, made of a material having density greater than lead, is combined with a binder constituent having less density. The binder constituent is malleable and ductile metallic phase material that forms projectile shapes when subjected to a consolidation force, such as compression. The metal constituents can be selected, rationed, and consolidated to achieve desired frangibility characteristics.

Abstract: The identifiable bullet includes a jacket having sidewalls and a rear base; a bullet core contained within the jacket, the bullet core comprising a rear end; and, an identification member positioned between the rear base and the rear end. The invention provides an inexpensive method to add identification members to bullets that will remain legible following cartridge discharge, bullet impact and post firing environments.

Abstract: A non-toxic highly frangible training round bullet, and a method of making same, in which a plurality of segments of non-toxic metal selected from a group including zinc, iron, steel and copper are grouped or arranged within pressure-molding equipment and sufficient pressure is applied thereto to cause such segments to inter-engage and cohere, one to another, while being formed into a desired shape of bullet and retaining their individuality at least to a limited extent. Upon impact with a target, such a bullet fragments to a large extent along at least some of the original physical boundary lines of the original segments into new segments which are relatively small as compared to the size of the original segments. There is no substantial ricocheting or "bounce-back" activity associated with such fragmentation and, of course, there are no toxic effects.

Abstract: A bullet is formed of a plurality of elongate malleable elements, such as copper wires, disposed in an entwined composite mass. Elongate elements extend in a helical pattern from the tail end toward the nose end of the mass and are compacted into a bullet-shaped configuration. The tail end of the elements may be encircled by a jacket which retains the elements against separation, while the nose end portions of the elements are capable of separation upon striking an object.