Abstract: A bollard setting and installation system for efficiently installing a bollard wall without any restrictions relating to proximity to water or flood plains. The bollard setting and installation system generally includes a setting frame which is positioned on a ground surface. A plurality of bollards is positioned on the setting frame in a desired spacing and orientation to form a bollard wall. A vehicle having a vehicle arm connected to a lifting frame is positioned such that the bollards are secured to the lifting frame by clamps in the desired spacing and orientation. The vehicle may then move the lifting frame to position the lower ends of the bollards in an opening in the ground surface. Concrete may be poured to encapsulate the lower ends of the bollards. The lifting frame may then be removed, with the bollard wall being free-standing in the ground surface.

Abstract: A tank and a method of carrying a load and discharging a load therefrom. The tank includes a tank assembly having a first wall that bounds and defines a first compartment for carrying a load therein and a second wall spaced outwardly from at least a portion of the first wall; wherein a second compartment is defined between the first wall and the second wall. The tank assembly includes an air piping system that is selectively actuated to place the first compartment and the second compartment under substantially similar or substantially equal air pressure. In one example the air piping system pumps air into the first compartment and the second compartment. In another example the air piping system evacuates air from the first and second compartments.

Abstract: A handle assembly is provided for an outlet valve of a tank car wherein the outlet valve has a valve stem rotatable about an axis and is operative to open and close the outlet valve. The handle assembly includes a valve handle for manually opening the outlet valve, a rotatable shaft coupled to the handle, and a coupling coupled to the outlet valve and selectively coupleable to the shaft. A valve rotation control structure includes a first movement control component on one of the coupling and the shaft. The valve rotation control structure is configured to permit the coupling or shaft to move parallel to the axis of the valve stem between a first locked position and a second rotatable position and to rotate about the axis of the valve stem between a first valve closed position and a second valve open position at the second rotatable position.

Abstract: A handle assembly is provided for an outlet valve of a tank car wherein the outlet valve has a valve stem rotatable about an axis and is operative to open and close the outlet valve. The handle assembly includes a valve handle for manually opening the outlet valve, a rotatable shaft coupled to the handle, and a coupling coupled to the outlet valve and selectively coupleable to the shaft. A valve rotation control structure includes a first movement control component on one of the coupling and the shaft. The valve rotation control structure is configured to permit the coupling or shaft to move parallel to the axis of the valve stem between a first locked position and a second rotatable position and to rotate about the axis of the valve stem between a first valve closed position and a second valve open position at the second rotatable position.

Abstract: A transport tanker and a method of reinforcing a transport tanker are generally provided. The transport tanker may include a tank body, and a coupling structure, including a web extending from the tank body, for transferring a towing load to the tank body. A load spreading structure may be affixed to the tank body and configured to spread at least a portion of a load experienced by the tank body in a region proximate a terminal end of the web. The load spreading structure may include a reinforcing member including a elongated U-shaped member including two legs joined at a first end by an arcuate section. A respective one of the two legs may be at least partially disposed on opposed sides of the web with web at least partially received within an open second end of the U-shaped member.

Abstract: A bursting disc with a flange area for attachment to an edge of an opening in a wall of a ventilation system, the central area adjacent the flange area along a predetermined breaking line equipped with thermal insulation on the bursting disc side which stretches at least not across the mounting element of the flange area so a niche is formed, bordered by the flange area and the thermal insulation on the bursting disc side. A bursting disc arrangement in which the bursting disc is mounted at the edge of an opening in a wall of a ventilation system and closes the opening, the wall equipped with thermal insulation on the system side which stretches to the flange area of the bursting disc, a gap corresponding to the niche is formed between at least one thermal insulation on the bursting disc side and the thermal insulation on the system side.

Abstract: A railway tank car including a protective structure for the top of its cargo tank and surrounding a valve group mounting nozzle and a pressure relief safety valve nozzle, to protect the associated valves against damage resulting from the car being overturned, particularly while the railcar is moving along a railway. The protective structure includes an upstanding wall of metal plate that surrounds and is located at a radial distance outwardly apart from the tank top valve group mounting nozzle. A reinforcing band is attached to an upper portion of the upstanding wall to enhance its strength. Also disclosed is a method of protecting fittings mounted on a nozzle on the tank top of a railway tank car by providing and mounting such a protective structure to surround the tank top nozzle and associated fittings.

Abstract: A railway tank car including a protective structure for the top of the tank and surrounding a manway or valve mounting nozzle to protect it against damage resulting from the car being overturned even while moving longitudinally. The protective structure may include longitudinally extending generally parallel side plates and a skid structure including longitudinally extending sloping, end portions and providing access to a manway or valve mounting assembly on the top of a nozzle. Openings may be provided in a side wall of the protective structure to give access to valve operating mechanisms extending laterally from valves. A lid for an access opening to a set of valves may include an extension that prevents a valve handle from being moved to open the valve while the lid is closed.

Abstract: A railway tank car including a protective structure for the top of the tank and surrounding a manway or valve mounting nozzle to protect it against damage resulting from the car being overturned even while moving longitudinally. The protective structure may include longitudinally extending generally parallel side plates and a skid structure including longitudinally extending sloping, end portions and providing access to a manway or valve mounting assembly on the top of a nozzle. Openings may be provided in a side wall of the protective structure to give access to valve operating mechanisms extending laterally from valves. A lid for an access opening to a set of valves may include an extension that prevents a valve handle from being moved to open the valve while the lid is closed.

Abstract: A valve interlock system for a railcar including a valve stem locking subsystem that includes a coupling device rotatably coupled to the valve stem. The coupling device is substantially stationary in the longitudinal direction and rotatably translatable about a longitudinal axis and defines an engagement slot thereon. The subsystem also includes a stationary support member extending toward the coupling device in a transverse direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction and includes a locking member that is transversely translatable and complimentary with the engagement slot. The subsystem also includes a biasing device coupled to the locking member that increases an engagement bias as the locking member is transversely translated away from the engagement slot. The subsystem further includes a valve operator assembly that includes a longitudinally and rotatably translatable body configured to regulate the slot engagement bias as a function of a longitudinal position of the body.

Abstract: A transport tanker and a method of reinforcing a transport tanker are generally provided. The transport tanker may include a tank body, and a coupling structure, including a web extending from the tank body, for transferring a towing load to the tank body. A load spreading structure may be affixed to the tank body and configured to spread at least a portion of a load experienced by the tank body in a region proximate a terminal end of the web. The load spreading structure may include a reinforcing member including a elongated U-shaped member including two legs joined at a first end by an arcuate section. A respective one of the two legs may be at least partially disposed on opposed sides of the web with web at least partially received within an open second end of the U-shaped member.

Abstract: A handle assembly for an outlet valve for a tank, where the outlet valve has a coupler that is actuated to open and close the outlet valve, is provided. The handle assembly includes a handle with a shaft attached to the handle. The shaft has a tip. A bracket is adapted to mount the shaft to the tank so that the shaft is pivotally mounted with respect to the tank and movable with respect to the outlet valve between an engaged position, where the tip of the shaft engages the coupler, and a disengaged position, where the tip of the shaft is disengaged from the coupler.

Abstract: Railroad tank cars are provided that include an inner tank, an outer tank, and tank to tank clearance between the inner tank and the outer tank. Insulation and spacers can be located within the tank to tank clearance. The inner tank can shift within the outer tank, and spacers can crush, under significant force loading, such as impact forces generated during a collision or derailment. The inner tank, insulation, spacers, and outer tank thus form an energy absorbing system that reduces the likelihood that the inner tank will be breached, and that a hazardous material contained therein will be released, under such conditions.

Abstract: A gusset is capable of providing reinforcement in tank cars, particularly for nozzles in tank cars. A tank car includes a body having a curved wall portion, a nozzle opening formed in the wall, a reinforcing pad disposed on the wall, adjacent to the nozzle, and a gusset configured to support the nozzle. The gusset includes a portion of a cylinder having a predetermined radius. The portion of the cylinder includes a first edge disposed adjacent to a circumferential surface of the nozzle and a second edge disposed adjacent to a circumferential surface of the reinforcing pad, such that an axis of the portion of the cylinder intersects an axis of the nozzle at a predetermined angle. The predetermined radius and the predetermined angle are configured such that an arc of the portion of the cylinder extends less than approximately 180 degrees.

Abstract: A fill cover assembly for a liquid fuel storage tank of a road tanker, the assembly comprising: a seat member having a frame, the frame defining a fill aperture, the frame being configured to be fixedly coupled to a base plate of a liquid storage tank, the base plate having a plate aperture formed therein, thereby to form a fluid-tight seal between the seat member and the base plate around said plate aperture; and a fill-cover coupled to the tank and arranged to be moveable with respect to the frame between a closed condition in which a fluid-tight seal is formed between the fill-cover and the frame and an open condition in which fluid may be passed through said fill aperture to fill said storage tank, wherein the assembly is further arranged to allow venting of pressurized fluid from the liquid storage tank in the event that a pressure of the fluid exceeds a prescribed value.

Abstract: Method of extinguishing or suppressing fire includes applying a pseudoplastic composition onto a railroad track or railroad right-of-way. The pseudoplastic composition clings to a surface positioned in any orientation. The pseudoplastic composition includes starch, a pseudoplastic, high yield, suspending agent, and water. Apparatus for applying the pseudoplastic composition onto a railroad track or railroad right-of-way are also disclosed.

Abstract: A shield for protecting an exterior wall of a railroad car during a lifting operation includes a body having a first face for engaging that exterior wall. The first face may have a radius of curvature to substantially match the radius of curvature of the tank car.

Abstract: A liquid tank is provided for a heavy vehicle, suitable for fastening to a vehicle frame by at least one supporting bracket having shaped surfaces arranged for load bearing and locating contact against the liquid tank. The tank includes two end face portions and a shell portion with a non-symmetrical cross-section extending there between. The tank includes a first, shaped portion facing the vehicle frame, arranged for load bearing contact against a first shaped surface of the supporting bracket, a second, shaped portion extending partially below the frame, arranged to locate the tank relative to a second shaped surface of the supporting bracket, and a third, substantially rectangular portion facing away from the vehicle frame, and that the tank is fastened to the bracket by at least one clamping means. A bracket for supporting such a tank is also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus for reinforcing a railway tank car includes a tank shell. A plurality of attachment pads are welded to the tank shell to form a tank assembly. The tank assembly is subjected to a post-weld heat treatment. A plurality of shield plates may each be welded directly to at least one of the plurality of attachment pads. The shield plates are not subjected to the post-weld heat treatment.

Abstract: A shield for protecting an exterior wall of a railroad car during a lifting operation includes a body having a first face for engaging that exterior wall. The first face may have a radius of curvature to substantially match the radius of curvature of the tank car.

Abstract: A railway tank car is provided having a manway formed in a body of the tank car. The tank car includes a manway cover plate coupled to the body of the tank car and disposed over at least a portion of the manway. A protective housing assembly is coupled to the body of the tank car and disposed around the manway cover plate. A plurality of structural supports are arranged around an outer perimeter of the protective housing assembly and are coupled to the protective housing assembly and to the body of the tank car.

Abstract: A railway tank car is provided having a manway formed in a body of the tank car. The tank car includes a manway cover plate coupled to the body of the tank car and disposed over at least a portion of the manway. A protective housing assembly is coupled to the body of the tank car and disposed around the manway cover plate. At least one structural support is coupled with an interior surface of the body of the tank car adjacent to the protective housing assembly.

Abstract: A pressurized tanker railcar is provided. The pressurized tanker railcar includes an inner tank configured to contain a substance therein, an outer jacket configured to define an outer surface of the pressurized tanker railcar, and a containment system positioned between the inner tank and the outer jacket. The containment system is coupled to the inner tank and is configured to at least one of substantially resist penetration of the inner tank by a projectile and seal an opening formed by the projectile penetrating the inner tank.

Abstract: A dual-purpose railcar is provided, designed for hauling of bitumen or diluent, optimized to provide transport of bitumen to a destination and transport of diluent in the return trip of the car.

Abstract: An apparatus for fighting fires comprises a rail carriage, a base mounted upon the rail carriage and an enclosure mounted upon the base. The enclosure includes a top wall having an aperture defined therein. At least one vertically extendible lift is mounted within the enclosure and carries a liquid discharging device. A pressurizer and connecting conduits deliver liquid from a liquid source to the liquid discharging device.

Abstract: In one embodiment a railway tank car is described. The railway tank car includes a tank having a tank shell, the tank shell having an interior surface and an exterior surface. The railway tank car also includes an eduction pipe extending within an interior of said tank. The railway tank car also includes an eduction pipe guide affixed to the tank shell. The eduction pipe guide includes a guide member maintained at a predetermined distance from a lower portion of the tank shell interior surface. The eduction pipe guide configured such that at least a portion of the eduction pipe extends through the guide member.

Abstract: A manway cover assembly for a railroad tank car. The manway cover assembly is moveable between a closed position in covering relationship with a manway nozzle and an open position that permits access into the tank car. The manway cover assembly includes a manway cover having a generally inwardly convex central portion and a generally flat outer annular portion having an inwardly facing recess formed therein for receipt of an upper edge of the manway nozzle. A generally flat round weather shield member is attached to the outer ring member in covering relationships with the central inwardly convex portion of the manway cover member.

Abstract: A tanker trailer includes tanks mounted one behind the other to a chassis using a flexible mounting system. The mounting allows individual tank movement in upward and downward directions from a rest position. Close nesting is accomplished by provided adjacent tanks with complimentary curved ends. The tanks may have progressively increasing depths from the front to the rear of the trailer. Two sight gauges disposed on a diameter passing through a volumetric center line provides a means of assessing the quantity of liquid in the tank. Alternatively, a single gauge may be used in conjunction with a level meaning device on a horizontal line intersecting the volumetric center line and the gauge. A vapour recovery system includes two volumetrically matched members mounted within the tank equidistant from the volumetric center line one of which serves as a vent pipe.

Abstract: A steam cap for use in cleaning out a tank, such as a railroad tank car, is described herein. The steam cap of the invention is preferably affixed to a tank outlet, such as a tanker outlet leg. The steam cap includes a body, preferably made of a drain cup and a line cuff, wherein the body is adapted to be secured to the tank. A delivery pipe extends into an interior space defined by the body. The drain cup defines an annular space around the delivery pipe. A condensate drain line communicates with the annular space. The condensate drain line extends outwardly from the drain cup. In use, steam or other material, delivered to the tank through the delivery pipe condenses on the tank walls and collects at a bottom of the tank. The condensate drains out of the tank outlet into the annular space in the drain cup. Condensate is then drained out of the annular region of the interior space through the condensate drain line or through a perforation.

Abstract: Security devices are provided to prevent or block unauthorized access through portholes formed in a protective housing assembly when the protective housing assembly is in its first, closed position and to allow access through the portholes when the protective housing assembly is in its second, open position. The protective housing assembly may be mounted on an upper portion of a railway tank car to protect valves, fittings and other components associated with loading and unloading of lading from the tank car. The portholes are typically formed in the protective housing assembly to allow access to an adjacent valve or other component. Each porthole cover may be engaged with a normal access cover of the protective housing assembly to block or restrict access through the respective porthole.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for restricting access to ports that may be disposed in a bonnet to house valves on a railcar. More specifically, the present invention relates to a template that may be lowered over the bonnet of the railcar wherein the template has a plurality of differently sized holes to allow access to specially-sized nozzles. In addition, the valves may be eduction valves and/or vapor valves, and the apertures may allow a specific-sized nozzle to have access to the eduction valves, the vapor valves or both. The template may lower onto the bonnet via a frame that may be rotatably attached to a structure. Further, joints and bearings may be provided to allow the template to be movable so as to precisely fit over the bonnet of the railcar.

Abstract: A canister containing spent fuel assemblies is contained in a body of a transportation cask. A top opening of a vessel body of the canister is closed by a lid welded to the vessel body. A ring-shaped elastic tube is provided between the inner surface of the upper end portion of the body and the outer surface of the upper end portion of the vessel body. The tube seals the gap between these surfaces to prevent a fluid from getting into the gap between the surfaces through the top opening of the body. An inspection space for the insertion of a tester for detecting the welding state of the lid is defined between the inner surface of the upper end portion of the body and the outer surface of the upper end portion of the vessel body.

Abstract: Security devices are provided to prevent or block unauthorized access through portholes formed in a protective housing assembly when the protective housing assembly is in its first, closed position and to allow access through the portholes when the protective housing assembly is in its second, open position. The protective housing assembly may be mounted on an upper portion of a railway tank car to protect valves, fittings and other components associated with loading and unloading of lading from the tank car. The portholes are typically formed in the protective housing assembly to allow access to an adjacent valve or other component. Each porthole cover may be engaged with a normal access cover of the protective housing assembly to block or restrict access through the respective porthole.

Abstract: A siphon drainpipe system and method for use in a railway tank car includes a railway tank car having a tank at least partially defined by a generally elongate hollow cylinder having closed ends. The tank includes an upper surface and a lower surface, and forms a generally enclosed interior portion. A nozzle is coupled with the upper surface of the tank. A siphon pipe which extends from the nozzle toward the lower surface of the tank is coupled with the nozzle. The siphon pipe is at least partially disposed within the interior portion of the tank. In accordance with a particular embodiment of the present invention the siphon pipe includes a generally rigid, metallic portion disposed adjacent the upper surface of the tank, and a generally flexible portion disposed adjacent the lower surface of the tank.

Abstract: A siphon drainpipe system and method for use in a railway tank car includes a railway tank car having a tank at least partially defined by a generally elongate hollow cylinder having closed ends. The tank includes an upper surface and a lower surface, and forms a generally enclosed interior portion. A nozzle is coupled with the upper surface of the tank. A siphon pipe which extends from the nozzle toward the lower surface of the tank is coupled with the nozzle. The siphon pipe is at least partially disposed within the interior portion of the tank. In accordance with a particular embodiment of the present invention the siphon pipe includes a generally rigid, metallic portion disposed adjacent the upper surface of the tank, and a generally flexible portion disposed adjacent the lower surface of the tank.

Abstract: Multi-compartment tankers, especially road tankers, suffer from cracking of the compartment divisions due to the repeated stressing of the tank in use. The present invention provides a solution by providing the desired capacity in a plurality of tanks which are individually mounted one behind the other to a vehicle chassis using a flexible mounting system which allows the individual tanks to move with respect to one another in response to flexing of the vehicle chassis. The mounting allows at least upward and downward movement relative to a rest position. The use of multiple tanks facilitates the use of a sight gauge for determining the quantity of liquid in each tank.

Abstract: A ring protector for preventing unauthorized access through the dome port openings of a railcar dome. The ring protector defines a plurality of approximately equally spaced holes. The ring protector has an opened position in which each of the dome port openings is in-line with one of the access holes and a closed position in which each of the port openings is not in-line with one of the access holes. The ring protector is adapted to be rotatable from the opened position to the closed position.

Abstract: A railway tank car includes a tank at least partially defined by a generally elongated hollow cylinder, a first closed end and a second closed end. A plurality of heat transfer ducts operable to receive a heating fluid may be disposed on a lower portion of an exterior surface of the tank. A layer of ceramic coating may be disposed over exterior surfaces of the plurality of heat transfer ducts and at least a portion of the exterior surface of the tank.

Abstract: Disclosed is an agitator assembly which comprises an agitator and means for mounting the agitator assembly on top of a tank. The agitator comprises a shaft, a propeller fixed to one end of the shaft, and means for rotating the shaft to provide an axial discharge from the propeller of at least 4.0 m/sec with a flow equivalent of at least 0.2 tank volumes/minute. The agitator is mounted on top of the tank so that the shaft enters the tank at an angle a to the longitudinal axis of the tank of between about 30 and about 60 degrees and at an angle &bgr; to the transverse vertical axis of the tank of less than about 50 degrees. Also disclosed is a method of shipping solids that are soluble in a solvent. The solids are placed in a tank on which the agitator assembly has been mounted. The quantity of solids placed in the tank exceeds the amount that will dissolve when the tank is filled with the solvent. The tank is transported to the location where the solids are to be removed from the tank.

Abstract: A railway tank car of light weight and high cargo load capacity in which a tank shell structure is carried on and unified with an underframe including a stub sill at each end, a pair of spaced apart saddle bolsters, each joined to a respective one of the stub sills, and a center sill interconnecting the saddle bolsters. The tank shell rests on and is welded to the center sill, the saddle bolsters, and the stub sills, so that the tank shell is an integral part of the car, and both static and dynamic load forces resulting from train operation and from cargo loads are shared by the tank and the underframe. The underframe is constructed primarily of welded flat plate, with a minimum of specially formed parts and difficult welds, in order to simplify and minimize the costs of construction.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the present invention, a railway tank car including a tank coupled with first and second stub sill assemblies may be provided. The stub sill assemblies may each be coupled with associated railway car truck assemblies. A tank defined in part by a generally elongate hollow cylinder having first and second heads with first and second heads mounted upon the first and second heads, respectively, may also be provided. In a particular embodiment, one or more heat transfer panels may be disposed within the cylinder adjacent the first and second heads. In another embodiment, first and second support members may be disposed within the cylinder, and intermediate a midpoint of a longitudinal centerline of the tank, and each respective head. Each support member may provide support for, and maintain their respective heat transfer panels in a spaced relation with a lower portion of the cylinder.

Abstract: A drain pipe support advantageously acts as a guide for insertion of a drain pipe and secures the drain pipe in a desired position for draining of a fluid filled tank. Additionally the drain pipe support also advantageously guides fluid into the drain pipe so that efficient draining may be accomplished. The drain pipe support is comprised of an interior hollow portion which includes a tapered central portion 34 at a lower end thereof in order to guide the drain pipe and form a seal between the drain pipe and the drain pipe support. The drain pipe support advantageously has a hollow body which includes a support member that extends from the upper sides of an outer wall of the body. The support member is desirably formed in a substantially uniform circumference around the body of the drain pipe support.

Abstract: A baffle plate assembly for reducing the amount of corrosive liquid contained within a railroad car from contacting a pressure relief valve connected to the railroad car. The baffle plate assembly includes a baffle body having one end connected to an upper plate and the other end connected to a lower plate. The baffle body includes a plurality of slotted openings and radially extending downwardly sloped drainage openings. The lower plate includes a radially extending downwardly sloped drainage surface that further includes a plurality of channels for draining liquid out of the baffle body. The baffle plate assembly is connected to the railroad car adjacent to the pressure relief valve such that air and/or other gases pass through the baffle plate assembly and then the pressure relief valve. Air and/or other gases pass from within the railroad car through the plurality of slotted openings defined in the baffle body into an interior chamber of the baffle body.

Abstract: A manway cover assembly to cover an opening of a tank car, defined by an upstanding manway nozzle. The manway cover assembly comprises a manway cover housing, a safety vent and a manway nozzle gasket. The safety vent includes a body mounted on the manway cover housing. The safety vent further includes a surge protector and a rupture disk. The rupture disk is designed to open at a known pressure and allow controlled venting of the pressure in the car. The manway cover housing defines a bore which contains the surge protector of the safety vent. The manway cover housing includes a tube extending downwardly and surrounding the surge protector.

Abstract: A safety vent for a railroad tank car has a housing mounted about an opening on the top of the car. The housing body defines a cavity which contains a surge protector and a rupture disk. The rupture disk is designed to open at a known pressure and allow controlled venting of the pressure in the car. A securement cap threaded into the cavity centers the rupture disk in a seat formed in the surge protector. Removal of the securement cap provides quick, easy access to the rupture disk and surge protector for inspection and replacement without removing the housing body.

Abstract: Disclosed is a gauging device for use in a tanker railcar having a manway cover for attaching a valve having a valve stem, that the manway cover having an opening and a valve mounting recess, a checkvalve positioned in that the manway opening, that the checkvalve having a valve stem contact area, that the gauging device having a plate sized to fit across that the manway cover opening and engage that the valve mounting recess on that the manway cover and that the plate having an opening therethrough, that the opening positioned to substantially align with that the valve stem contact area of a checkvalve. Slidable in that the opening in that the plate is a calibration member, that the calibration member having one end adapted to engage that the valve stem contact area of a check valve and that the calibration member having at least one indicia placed thereon for indicating that the relative position of a checkvalve contact area with respect to a valve stem.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for collectively filling and emptying fluid in a plurality of tanks, particularly in a railway train. The apparatus enables filling and emptying via a hook-up at the filling terminal or discharge terminal.

Abstract: A safety vessel and valve assembly for storage and transport of chemicals is disclosed. The assembly includes a vessel housing a series of retracted valves. A thickened mounting plate provides an area to mount and protect the valves within the vessel, while attaching to the vessel in such a manner to maintain the smooth exterior surface of the vessel. An impact softener and heat resistant shroud covers the vessel exterior protecting the vessel, its valves and chemical cargo during a collision or other external forces.

Abstract: A fluid transport apparatus including an elongated fluid vessel for transporting fluid, such as LPG. One or more breakable containers of compressible fluid are positioned within the fluid vessel. The containers are adapted to break by the force of the vessel fluid surging against them when the fluid vessel is impacted. The compressible fluid within the containers dissipates or eliminates the water hammer pressure resulting from the impact and thereby prevents the walls of the fluid vessel from failing. The breakable containers can be end partitions with one or more rupture discs thereon or collapsible pressurized containers, such as ordinary tennis balls, held at one or both vessel ends by internal breakaway partition walls.

Abstract: A tube well extends through a fluid containment compartment and is secured at both ends thereof to the compartment shell. Both ends of the well communicate with respective shell openings. Compartment fittings and/or equipment are positioned in the tube and are accessible through at least one of the openings. Both openings can be sealed and the well pressurized, to prevent pressurized fluid in the compartment from leaking through the equipment and into the tube well.