Abstract: The disclosed invention provides starting compositions for making lignin hybrid polymers, reactions of lignin and polymer precursors to manufacture lignin hybrid polymers, and final lignin hybrid polymers produced. The most important process requirement is the compatibility of lignin and polymer precursors. Lignin and the polymer precursors must be compatible to assure that the lignin and polymers precursors react and produce a lignin hybrid polymer with useful properties. The lignin hybrid polymers can be in the form of a polyol, a thermoplastic resin, or a thermoset resin. The lignin hybrid polyol, thermoplastic resin, or thermoset resin can be used in a wide range of products including, but not limited to, coatings, adhesives, sealants, elastomers, binders, thermoset resins, thermoplastic resins, and polyurethane systems.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a thermally reactive thermoplastic intermediate product, in the form of a shaped body, wherein the intermediate comprises a composition, wherein the composition comprises a purified or optionally unpurified softwood lignin and at least a first additive.

Abstract: A process for preparing a cellulosic sponge includes the steps of treating an aqueous suspension of cellulose fibers with periodate; adjusting the pH of the resulting dialdehyde cellulose fibers suspension to a value between 2.5 to 5.5; freezing the suspension obtained and thawing the three dimensional structure to render the cellulosic sponge. The process may further include a step of drying to render a cellulosic foam. Both the new sponge and the new foam may also be further chemically modified obtaining a broad variety of derivatives with tailored properties which are useful in many different applications.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a process for repairing damage to wood and related cellulosic products caused by termites and other wood damaging insects comprising the steps of providing a modification of the bacteria of the genus gluconacetobacter toxic to termites and other wood damaging insects; converting said bacterial modification into a bait attractive to termites and other wood damaging insects as a source of food; and allowing said bacterial modification to produce a by-product ooze capable of repairing would damaged by termites and other wood damaging insects. The process causes the build-up of wood like material, thus effectively repairing the termite damaged areas.

Abstract: Reinforcement for a material may be provided that includes a moldable composition, particularly for a building material, in which barley awns and seed parachutes, such as from bulrush seeds, are present as components in the reinforcement. The seed parachutes may comprise stem fibers and lateral fibers branching off therefrom, where the lateral fibers of the seed parachutes are connected to one another by the barley awns. The barley awns may have a weight proportion of approximately 0.1 to approximately 2 times, such as approximately 0.5 to approximately 1 time, higher than the weight proportion of the seed parachutes. A building material may be provided that includes the described reinforcement. A method for producing the building material may also be provided.

Abstract: A method produces a sugar liquid from a cellulosic biomass material, which sugar liquid has improved fermentability. The method produces a sugar liquid by: adding an alkali(s) to a concentrated cellulosic biomass sugar liquid to adjust the pH to not less than 7 to precipitate an insoluble substance(s) containing at least magnesium; and performing filtration through a microfiltration membrane to remove the insoluble substance(s), to obtain a sugar liquid as a permeate.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a porous body having fluid permeance, which contains cellulose-based nanofibers having an extremely thin fiber diameter and high hydrophilicity, and to manufacture a porous body at low cost. The porous body according to the present invention is a porous body in which nanofibers are entangled to form net-like structural bodies in pores of a porous support having many pores that are connecting with one another, wherein the nanofibers are cellulose-based nanofibers, and have a number average fiber diameter of from 1 to 100 nm.

Abstract: Reinforcement for a material may be provided that includes a moldable composition, particularly for a building material, in which barley awns and seed parachutes, such as from bulrush seeds, are present as components in the reinforcement. The seed parachutes may comprise stem fibers and lateral fibers branching off therefrom, where the lateral fibers of the seed parachutes are connected to one another by the barley awns. The barley awns may have a weight proportion of approximately 0.1 to approximately 2 times, such as approximately 0.5 to approximately 1 time, higher than the weight proportion of the seed parachutes. A building material may be provided that includes the described reinforcement. A method for producing the building material may also be provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of nano-fibrillar cellulose gels by providing cellulose fibres and at least one filler and/or pigment; combining the cellulose fibres and the at least one filler and/or pigment; and fibrillating the cellulose fibres in the presence of the at least one filler and/or pigment until a gel is formed, as well as the nano-fibrillar cellulose gel obtained by this process and uses thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides cellulose hydrogels having one or more of the following properties: high water content, high transparency, high permeability, high biocompatibility, high tensile strength and an optimal thickness. The present invention further provides a process for preparing a cellulose hydrogel comprising: (i) contacting cellulose with a solvent to activate the cellulose; (ii) optionally removing the solvent from the activated cellulose; (iii) substantially dissolving the activated cellulose to form a solution; (iv) allowing the solution to gel; and optionally (v) drying the gel and rehydrating the gel. The cellulose hydrogel can have many uses, including uses as contact lenses.

Abstract: Hydraulically applied fiber matrix compositions for use on soils include a water-soluble, crosslinkable, hydratable gum, and a compound capable of crosslinking the water-soluble, crosslinkable, hydratable gum. The compositions may further include hydrocolloids and mulch. The hydraulically applied fiber matrix compositions are useful for hydroseeding and soil stabilization.

Abstract: In a stack of composite wood boards, the wood boards comprise wood particles and an organic binder.

Abstract: Disclosed is a new composition of matter comprising a polymeric material of photosynthetic origin having embedded therein small particles of an inorganic material. The composition of matter is particularly suitable for use in processes whereby the polymeric material is converted to fuels in liquid or gas form, and/or to the valuable specialty chemicals. The polymeric material comprises biomass. More specifically, the polymeric material comprises cellulose and at least one of hemicellulose and lignin.

Abstract: An air clay and a method of manufacturing the same are disclosed. In one embodiment, the method includes i) selecting at least one raw material from a group consisting of sand powder, shell powder, crop powder and a mixture thereof, ii) finely grinding the raw material to prepare a base material having a particle diameter of about 0.02 mm to about 0.2 mm, iii) adding about 10 wt. parts to about 30 wt. parts of glycerin to about 100 wt. parts of the base material, iv) mixing and kneading these materials together to form a paste and v) adding about 0.1 wt. parts to about 9 wt. parts of a liquid coagulating agent for water treatment to the paste and mixing these materials together. According to one embodiment, the clay is useful for various types of play and learning for infants and young children.

Abstract: The present invention provides cellulose hydrogels having one or more of the following properties: high water content, high transparency, high permeability, high biocompatibility, high tensile strength and an optimal thickness. The present invention further provides a process for preparing a cellulose hydrogel comprising: (i) contacting cellulose with a solvent to activate the cellulose; (ii) optionally removing the solvent from the activated cellulose; (iii) substantially dissolving the activated cellulose to form a solution; (iv) allowing the solution to gel; and optionally (v) drying the gel and rehydrating the gel. The cellulose hydrogel can have many uses, including uses as contact lenses.

Abstract: A wax composition comprising a lignin derivative wherein the derivative has a total hydroxyl content of from about 0.1 mmol/g to about 7 mmol/g.

Abstract: The invention relates to a wood composition containing olefin and raw wood materials, the use of said olefins for rendering raw wood materials water repellent, and a method for producing wood materials therefrom. The raw wood materials contain or are made of lignocellulose and are provided in the form of fibers, strands, or chips.

Abstract: A water-borne coating composition containing an ether derivative of raw cotton linters (RCL), a latex polymer, and water in which the ether derivative RCL provides improved rheological properties when compared to analogous cellulose ether compounds produced from more refined cellulose sources while not substantially degrading the coating composition's aesthetic qualities.

Abstract: A novel sizing-adhesive composition for corrugating characterised in that it comprises at least one low molecular weight, water soluble polymer such as a maltodextrin, corrugating boards prepared therewith and methods of producing them.

Abstract: A functional cotton spray composition includes: 100 parts by weight of cotton fibers having a length of 3 mm or less; 0.5 to 5 parts by weight of a phase change material; 0.5 to 1 parts by weight of a titanium dioxide photoactive catalyst; 0.5 to 2 parts by weight of at least one natural pigment selected from the group consisting of a pine needle powder, a green tea powder, a mugwort powder, an indigo plant powder, a gardenia powder, a charcoal powder and a yellow soil powder; 0.5 to 5 parts by weight of a dispersant; 5 to 20 parts by weight of a viscosity improver; 10 to 20 parts by weight of an organic flame retardant; 5 to 15 parts by weight of an inorganic flame retardant; 0.5 to 3 parts by weight of an antimicrobial and antifungal agent; and 300 to 600 parts by weight of viscosity-controlling water.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a moulded part based on a fibrous carrier material of natural origin and a binder, wherein the carrier material is of natural origin and comprises fibres. Another object of the present invention is to recycle biological, organic residual flows in a useful manner, wherein the biological residual flows are further processed into a moulded part, which moulded part, if considered waste, can be disposed of via the green waste container.

Abstract: A sprayable coating agent is disclosed in the form of granules with which the granules are compacted to form a pressed piece, subsequently ground up and optionally sieved, whereby the granules have the following particle-size distribution: 0%-40% by weight: 0-600 microns; 5%-55% by weight: 600-1250 microns; 5%-95% by weight: >1250 microns; or 15% by weight: 0-800 microns; 0%-85% by weight: 800-2000 microns; 0%-15% by weight: >2000 microns. Likewise disclosed are its production, further processing and use for internal and external applications.

Abstract: A method to produce a thin-layer lignocellulosic composite having increased resistance to moisture-induced shrinking or swelling is provided. The method includes forming a lignocellulosic composite mixture including at least one type of lignocellulosic fiber having a predetermined moisture content of at least about 4 wt %, at least about 1 wt % of an organic isocyanate resin, at least about 0.1 wt % of a tackifier, and at least about 0.1 wt % release agent, wherein the mixture is substantially free of added wax. The method further includes pre-pressing the mixture into a loose formed mat and pressing the mat between two dies at an elevated temperature and pressure and/or a sufficient time to further reduce the thickness of the mat to form a thin-layer composite of predetermined thickness, and to allow the isocyanate resin to interact with the lignocellulosic fiber such that the resultant thin-layer composite has a predetermined resistance to moisture.

Abstract: A mixture of substances is designated for introduction into a liquid aqueous system and comprises at least one extremely finely divided active substance component that is designated for subsequent dissolution or dispersion in the liquid aqueous system. The mixture of substances comprises a proportion of cellulose-containing plant fibers and is present in finely particulate form. The cellulose-containing plant fibers improve both the transformation of the extremely finely divided active substance component into the finely particulate form and also its subsequent redissolution in the liquid aqueous system.

Abstract: Wax compositions suitable for use in making construction boards are prepared by blending a wax or oil having a low n-paraffin content with a wax having a higher n-paraffin content to provide a wax composition having at least 21 wt % of n-paraffins.

Abstract: A stop-leak composition for the cooling system of an internal combustion engine and the like may comprise a powdered mixture of ground wood, optionally with ginger rhizome powder, with the above being mixed with ground nutshells. The composition may be packaged in polyvinyl alcohol film. Also, a stop-leak composition tablet may be prepared from powdered purified cellulose, ground nutshells, and ginger rhizome powder, formed into a solid tablet. Either of these items may be placed into the radiator of a vehicle. The bag and the tablet each dissolve, and the contents spontaneously disperse into the radiator coolant to seal pin hole leaks.

Abstract: Wax compositions suitable for use in making construction boards are prepared by blending a wax or oil having a low n-paraffin content with a wax having a higher n-paraffin content to provide a wax composition having at least 21 wt % of n-paraffins.

Abstract: In order to control volatilization or release of organic solvent, especially formaldehyde, and to adsorb them, and at the same time, to improve weather resistance, water resistance, stain resistance and fungus resistance, natural paint is composed of vegetable drying oil, haze wax, candelilla wax and carnauba wax as the main components, and contains at least one or more of rosin, silk powder and component of rice bran.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of preparing a cellulose solution suitable for extrusion as a seamless tubular film by providing a pulp of substantially open-ended fibrillated softwood fibers having a mean fiber length less than 2.0 mm and then dissolving the pulp in a suitable solvent to produce the cellulose solution. In addition, the present invention provides a method of preparing a cellulose food casing from a cellulose solution of the present invention.

Abstract: There are disclosed a functional glue in which the crushed ginkgo (leaves) and paulownia (leaves) materials are mixed with rice glue or barley and wheat glue at a desired ratio, thereby providing a mothproofing function, an antibacterial function and a moisture proofing function, and a fabricating method thereof. The method of fabricating a functional glue mixed with crushed ginkgo (leaves) and paulownia (leaves) materials, comprises steps of: filling the crushed ginkgo (leaves) and paulownia (leaves) materials in a crusher, respectively or all together so as to crush the crushed ginkgo (leaves) and paulownia (leaves) materials; and putting each of the crushed materials or all of them in a stirrer along with rice glue, or barley glue and wheat glue so as to fairly stir the crushed material and the glue.

Abstract: The invention relates to an agglomerate containing at least one of the following water-soluble or water-dispersible materials as a bonding base polymer: carboxylized and/or alkoxylized starch, cellulose ether and fully synthetic vinyl polymers and/or polyacrylates. The agglomerate is characterized in that it contains a blasting agent which produces a high swelling pressure, but, advantageously, does not gel. The agglomerate can have a regular geometric form or not. Its weight should be between 0.5 and 500 g. The agglomerate is used in particular in the production of lump-free paste.

Abstract: In the fluorinated cellulosic material obtained by a method for fluorinating a cellulosic material by reacting a cellulosic material selected from the group consisting of cellulose material and lignocellulose material with at least one fluorine-containing compound selected from the group consisting of fluorine-containing olefin compound, fluorine-containing acrylate compound and fluorine-containing methacrylate compound in an organic solvent in the presence of a catalyst, not only the surface but also the inside of the cellulose and/or lignocellulose materials are modified and high performance of the cellulose and/or lignocellulose materials is realized.

Abstract: A composition that includes the reaction product of a lignin derivative and a reactant selected from the group consisting of alkylating agents, acylating agents, and combinations thereof, where the reaction product has a measurable cohesive strength, and a plasticizer in an amount sufficient to cause the composition to exhibit plastic deformation in response to an applied tensile stress.