Abstract: Microemulsion compositions include a blend of lecithin and a co-surfactant, and an acidifier. The compositions may further include salts of the acidifier, such as lactic acid or sodium lactate. The microemulsion may be used to produce a multi-functional agricultural adjuvant that is able to deliver an active ingredient such as a pesticide control, pH improve, wetting, and penetration of an agricultural chemical, control droplet size, function at extreme pH or salt concentration and/or other provide another functional benefit.

Abstract: A hexagonal crystal ferrite magnetic powder having high magnetic characteristics while having a small particle volume and a high specific surface area is provided, and a high-density magnetic recording medium using the powder. A method for producing a hexagonal crystal ferrite formed using a glass crystallization method includes the steps of: mixing a glass matrix with raw materials including iron, bismuth, a divalent metal (M1), a tetravalent metal (M2), any one kind (A) of barium, strontium, calcium, and lead, and at least one kind of rare earth element (represented by R) having a mole equal to or less than that of the iron; heating the mixed raw material to obtain a glass body; quenching the glass body, pulverizing the glass body, and performing a heat treatment, and washing the glass body after the heat treatment with an acid solution.

Abstract: A pigment dispersed liquid prepared by heat-treating an aqueous pigment dispersion containing a self-dispersing pigment, but not a dispersing resin.

Abstract: A coated particulate solid composition includes a particulate inorganic solid having deposited on its surface a treatment oil comprising lipids. The particulate inorganic solid can include a base particle of titanium dioxide, zinc sulfide, zinc oxide, iron oxide, lead oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, zirconium oxide and/or chromium oxide. The treatment oil is optionally a vegetable oil. The treatment oil containing lipids optionally contains glycerides such as triglycerides, and diglycerides, and can contain phospholipids. In one embodiment, the coated particulate solid composition includes particulate titanium dioxide, wherein the treatment oil provides increased bulk density, and enhanced dispersibility in plastic as well as improved lacing resistance.

Abstract: Blends of carbon black or other fillers is described. The blends of carbon black or other fillers are preferably pre-blended prior to introducing the blend into a product such as an elastomeric or polymeric product.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to pigment compositions, thick film black pigment compositions, conductive single layer thick film compositions, black electrodes made from such black conductive compositions and methods of forming such electrodes, and to the uses of such compositions, electrodes, and methods in flat panel display applications, including alternating-current plasma display panel devices (AC PDP).

Abstract: A particulate metal oxide having the mean length of the primary particles in the range from 50 to 90 nm, the mean width of the primary particles in the range from 5 to 20 nm, and the median volume particle diameter of the secondary particles is less than 45 nm. The metal oxide can be used in a sunscreen product that exhibits both effective UV protection and improved transparency.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of nanoparticles for the preparation of water-based dispersion adhesives, and especially the use of finely divided barium sulfate therein. The nanoparticles can be used with or without chemical modification. Adhesives of this kind feature improved properties, examples being improved cohesion in conjunction with comparable adhesion and higher heat resistance. Preference is given to dispersion adhesives based on polyacrylate, polyurethane, and epoxy resin.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to pigment compositions, thick film black pigment compositions, conductive single layer thick film compositions, black electrodes made from such black conductive compositions and methods of forming such electrodes, and to the uses of such compositions, electrodes, and methods in flat panel display applications, including alternating-current plasma display panel devices (AC PDP).

Abstract: A dispersion containing zinc oxide particles having a dispersion particle size of (i) median volume particle diameter in the range from 70 to 130 nm, (ii) less than 16% by volume of particles having a volume diameter of less than 35 nm below the median volume particle diameter, and (iii) more than 84% by volume of particles having a volume diameter of less than 57 nm above the median volume particle diameter. The zinc oxide dispersion can be used in a sunscreen product that exhibits both effective UV protection and improved transparency. The zinc oxide is particularly suitable for use in combination with transparent titanium dioxide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing a pearl pigment, comprising the steps of (a) adding an aqueous solution of metal oxide to a substrate in a reactor and (b) adding ammonium bicarbonate aqueous solution as a precipitating agent.

Abstract: A particulate metal oxide having the mean length of the primary particles in the range from 50 to 90 nm, the mean width of the primary particles in the range from 5 to 20 nm, and the median volume particle diameter of the secondary particles is less than 45 nm. The metal oxide can be used in a sunscreen product that exhibits both effective UV protection and improved transparency.

Abstract: A method of providing covert security features for documents such as vouchers, packaged goods and banknotes in which the document is provided with a dopant. The dopant consisting of a material which can be identified by examination of its response to visible wavelength photon radiation and which can be applied directly on or into the document or can be fused into glass matrices before application.

Abstract: Inorganic pigments treated with at least one amide of a fatty acid and an aliphatic amine possess improved processibility and dispersibility in thermoplastic materials, and impart improved properties to thermoplastic compositions containing said surface-treated pigments.

Abstract: Inorganic pigments treated with one or more of the ?,?-dialkyl substituted linear or branched carboxylic acids and the salts thereof possess improved processibility and dispersibility in thermoplastic materials, and impart improved properties to thermoplastic compositions containing said surface-treated pigments.

Abstract: Paint and coating material system comprising a) at least one solids component comprising at least one organic or inorganic white, black or chromatic pigment, organic or inorganic fillers, or mixtures thereof, and b) at least one binder component, characterized in that the components of the system in water, with a specific energy input of less than 150 J/cm3, based on the sum of the volumes of the components and water, produced an aqueous dispersion having a particle size of <60 &mgr;m (determined in accordance with ISO 1524: 1983).

Abstract: Pigment preparations comprising A) at least one organic or inorganic pigment and B) at least one ethoxylated and propoxylated and/or butoxylated polyethyleneimine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pigment preparations comprising polyamide particles with an average particle size of below 50 &mgr;m and a pigment of an average particle size below 0.2 &mgr;m. The inventive pigment preparations are useful for coloring high molecular weight material, like coatings, inks and in particular plastics like polyvinyl chloride, polyamide, polyester, polycarbonate and, especially polyamide fibers.

Abstract: A coating material for interior walls and exterior facades has heat reflection and oleophobicity/hydrophobicity, properties. The material is either opaque to visible light and/or contains a material which provides opacity. It includes: a) at least one silane of the formula (I) XaRbSiR14−a−b  (I)  in which X is a hydrolyzable group, R is optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl, R1 is an organic radical which is attached to the silicon via carbon and carries a reactive group, a is an integer from 1 to 3, and b is an integer from 0 to 2, or a (partial) condensate of this silane, b) at least one infrared-reflecting pigment whose particle size is situated primarily in the range from 1 to 50 &mgr;m, and c) a solvent and/or dispersion medium.

Abstract: A particulate metal oxide having a mean length of the primary particles in the range from 50 to 90 nm, the mean width of the primary particles in the range from 5 to 20 nm, and the median volume particle diameter of the secondary particles is less than 45 nm. The metal oxide can be used in a sunscreen product that exhibits both effective UV protection and improved transparency.

Abstract: A method of treating metal-contaminated spent foundry sand, or other industrial waste, by combining the sand with a sulfite to produce insoluble metal sulfur oxide complexes that do not leach from the sand. The treated waste may also be processed to reducing “clumping,” thereby rendering the treated waste appropriate for use in another industrial process.

Abstract: Colored pigments having one or more desired parameters and/or properties are described. These parameters and/or properties include: a) a particles size of from about 10 nm to about 300 nm; b) an accusizer number of less than 1010 particles/ml of dispersion at 15% solids which are greater than 0.5 micron; c) a filterability such that when in a liquid medium, 100 ml having 10% solids of the colored pigment filters through a 3 micron nylon absolute filter; d) a colored pigment purity of greater than about 80%, based on extractable material; and/or e) a stability such that the above-described properties do not change by more than 50% at 25 degrees C. for at least one week. Colored pigments having at least one organic group and having one or more of the above-described characteristics is also described as well as a process for preparing surface-modified colored pigments.

Abstract: A method of treating metal-contaminated spent foundry sand, or other industrial waste, by combining the sand with a sulfite to produce insoluble metal sulfur oxide complexes that do not leach from the sand. The treated waste may also be processed to reduce “clumping,” thereby rendering the treated waste appropriate for use in another industrial process.

Abstract: A pigment composition for use as a substrate to produce ink, paints, and pigment compounds, the composition being made from an aqueous slurry containing about 17 to 40% calcium carbonate, based on the weight of said aqueous slurry, and an inorganic pigment from group comprising titanium dioxide, in which the amount of calcium carbonate is higher than that found in standard pigment compositions and the amount of amount of pigment is lower than that found in standard pigment compositions, yet there is not an appreciable degradation of the color, coating, and other qualities of the pigment composition.

Abstract: Disclosed are stable, aqueous colloidal silicas having surface area of greater than 700 m2/g and S-values of from 20-50. These colloidal silicas do not require treatment with surface treatment agents such as aluminum to achieve stability. These colloidal silica aquasols can be produced and stored at concentrations of greater than 7 percent by weight SiO2 solids, and even as high as 15 percent by weight solids or higher, and remain stable at room temperature for at least 30 days compared to art-known silica aquasols. These colloidal silica sols demonstrate advantageously improved performance over art-known colloidal silica sots in applications such as in drainage and retention in papermaking processes. Also disclosed are processes for making aqueous colloidal silicas of the invention and the use of such colloidal silicas in papermaking processes.

Abstract: Optical coating compositions containing thin film particulates or pigments that are capable of imparting to the coating preselected optical characteristics or properties, such as selective reflectance, transmission and absorptance of light energy, are comprised of film forming binder and improved high volume pigment particles dispersed in the binder. Each pigment particle is a high volume flake comprised of an inorganic or polymer core having two sides and a thin film optical structure deposited onto each of the two sides of the core. The core occupies a large volume of the coating composition and dramatically reduces the number of flakes and the amount of thin film structures required to produce a coating of given thickness and desired optical properties. The core may also be fabricated to have diffuse and irregular side surfaces in order to render the applied coating visually diffuse and nonspecular. Methods of making the pigment particles are disclosed.

Abstract: A description is given of coated inorganic pigments comprising an organic pigment which has a coating, prepared by the sol-gel process from glass-forming components and densified to form a xerogel or glass, having a layer thickness of at least 0.8 .mu.m. These pigments are prepared by spray drying a sol-pigment dispersion, followed if desired by thermal densification of the xerogel layer to form a glass layer. The coated pigments are suitable for producing enamels and moldings.

Abstract: A stir-in pigment composition for coloring high-molecular-weight material, particularly coatings and ink systems, comprises 85 to 99.5 parts by weight of a pigment and 0.5 to 15 parts by weight of an additive comprising a vinylpyrrolidone polymer or copolymer. The stir-in pigment composition is in the form of microgranules and is obtainable by spray drying a high solids content aqueous pigment dispersion containing the pigment and the additive. The new pigment composition powders are easily handled, easily wetted and disperse rapidly to form homogeneous aqueous pigment dispersions which are practically free of larger pigment aggregates and can readily be incorporated into aqueous ink and paint systems as stir-in pigments without a dispersion step in a bead mill.

Abstract: A pigment of the present invention comprises:pigment particle as core particle;a lower coat formed on at least a part of surface of the pigment particle, comprising squaric acid, polyol having an anthraquinone skeleton represented by the general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein m is an integer of 0 to 4, n is an integer of 0 to 4 and m+n is an integer of 2 to 4,or a mixture of the squaric acid and the polyol having an anthraquinone skeleton represented by the general formula (I); andan upper coat formed on at least a part of surface of the obtained particle, comprising at least one alkylene glycol represented by the general formula (II):C.sub.q H.sub.2q (OH).sub.2 (II)wherein q is an integer of 2 to 10.Such pigment has excellent dispersion facility, dispersion homogeneity and dispersion stability, and is suitably used for not only organic solvent-type paints but also water-based paints.

Abstract: Purple pigments according to the invention based on a stovable support material, in particular a glass frit, having a coat applied by coprecipitation of an oxide hydrate of one or more elements from the range comprising Al, Si, Sn, Pb, Ti, Nb, Ta, Sc, Y, La, Ce and Zn and a water-insoluble gold compound or colloidal gold are distinguished from prior art pigments of a similar composition by improved color stability in high temperature firing. The pigments are obtainable in the aqueous phase by coprecipitation of an oxide hydrate and a gold compound or colloidal gold in the presence of a support material and in the absence of a reducing agent. Pigments containing gold compounds assume a purple color on heat treatment or by chemical reduction. Preferred pigments containing gold compounds, which may directly be used as decorative colorants, conveniently develop their color during firing of the decoration.

Abstract: The disclosure describes pigment compositions containing a small particle size porous filler and a pigment, and their use for preparing effect coating compositions which produce thin film finishes exhibiting strong lightness and color flop with a pronounced three dimensional effect. The thin film finishes are particularly interesting as automotive finishes.

Abstract: A method for stabilizing inorganic pigments in aqueous media and waterborne coating compositions is provided. The method comprises forming a pigment treatment composition of a polyester havng an acid number between 15 mg KOH/g and 50 mg KOH/g or a phosphate ester or pyrophosphate ester, having an acid number between 10 mg KOH/g and 50 mg KOH/g, solvent, and an amino functional resin. The composition is then deposited on the pigment. The treated pigment is stable in an aqueous environment and is suitable for waterborne coating compositions.

Abstract: A treated inorganic solid comprises particulate inorganic material the particles of which are coated with an alkylphosphonic acid or ester thereof, the alkylphosphonic acid containing 6 to 22 carbon atoms. The particulate material is usually a pigment, extender or filler which is treated by mixing with the alkylphosphonic acid or ester for example in an aqueous dispersion or during a process step such as milling. The treated inorganic solid is particularly useful for preparing polymer compositions such as masterbatches.

Abstract: Mirror resin backings containing antioxidant pigments which are cyanamide derivatives of metals, are protective backing coatings for glass substrates and mirrors. The resin backings are melamine based resin coatings which provide anti-corrosion protection for the metal layers with metal cyanamide antioxidant pigments.

Abstract: A corrosion inhibitor pigment composition is based a solid solution of (Ni.sup.2+ +Co.sup.2+)-bis-hydrogen cyanamide.

Abstract: Soluble salt-free, contaminant-free antioxidant pigments which are cyanamide derivatives of metals, are provided in combination with organic resin polymers, as protective mirror backing coatings.

Abstract: Disclosed are pigment composite particles which are superior in water resistance, weather resistance, thermal stability and hardness. The pigment composite particles are prepared by suspension-polymerizing an aqueous suspension comprising(a) a pigment paste comprising pigment and a pigment grinding resin having a hydrophilic group of at least 0.2 mmol/g,(b) a polymerizable monomer and(c) a polymerization initiator.

Abstract: Metallically bright reflection pigments comprising a substrate of plateletlike aluminum and coatings of titanium oxides applied on top of the substrate are used for coloring paints, plastics, printing inks, ceramic articles, glasses and cosmetic products.

Abstract: The invention relates to orthorhombic lead chromate pigments of greenish hue, which contain lead chromate and lead sulfate in the weight ratio of 60:40 to 100:0, and which are characterized by a tinctorial strength of 0.067 to 0.103 at a standard depth of shade of 1/25 in accordance with DIN 53 235 and by an opacity factor Y.sub.black /Y.sub.white of 0.78 to 0.87. These pigments are obtainable by mixing an aqueous solution of a chromate and, if necessary, of a sulfate, under high turbulence.

Abstract: A water-insoluble pigment comprising a complex of an inorganic water-insoluble anion exchange material and a water-soluble dye is disclosed. The anion exchange material may be represented by the general formula:[M.sub.1-x.sup.a Q.sub.x.sup.a+1 O.sub.y (OH).sub.z ](A.sup.-1).sub.d (A.sup.-2).sub.e (A.sup.-3).sub.f (A.sup.-4).sub.g.nH.sub.2 Owherein M is a metal element or elements each with a positive valence of a; Q is a metal element or elements each with a positive valence of a+1; a is 2, 3, 4 or 5; A.sup.-1, A.sup.-2, A.sup.-3, and A.sup.-4 are each one or more exchangeable anions each having a negative valence of 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively; x is 0<x.ltoreq.0.5; and n, y, z, d, e, f, and g are real numbers greater than or equal to zero and satisfy the following:2y+z=a0<d+2e+3f+4g.ltoreq.x0.ltoreq.n.ltoreq.10provided that when y=0, a is not equal to 2.

Abstract: A pigment composition contains a pigment and a dispersant. The dispersant is a phosphoric ester compound represented by the following general formula: ##STR1## wherein at least one of the three Rs is a residuum of a polyester chain containing as principal bonds thereof ester bonds of a polycarboxylic acid and a polyalcohol.