Abstract: An additive for producing positive active compositions for lead accumulators based on finely divided 4-basic lead sulphate having an average particle size of less than about 3 ?m and also finely divided silica, where the additive additionally contains red lead (2PbO.PbO2), is described. The finely divided silica prevents, in particular, agglomeration of the particles of the 4-basic lead sulphate, while the red lead leads to an optimized distribution of all constituents of the additive in the battery paste. The use of red lead also gives a cost advantage. Despite the replacement of part of the 4-basic lead sulphate by red lead, the properties achieved in the later use in battery operation are no worse. Thus, the batteries display, for example, improved charging behaviour and a higher high-current discharging stability.

Abstract: A process for producing encapsulated metal colloids useful as inorganic coloured pigments, including, reacting one or more glass-forming components according to the sol-gel process to obtain a sol dispersing a metal salt in the resulting sol in the presence of an additional reducing agent to form metal colloids, converting the resulting dispersion into xerogel-encapsulated metal colloids by spray drying, heating the resulting xerogel-encapsulated metal colloids to density them. The present invention relates, furthermore, to inorganic coloured pigments, in particular producible by the process of the invention, including metal colloids produced from metal salts and encapsulated in an encapsulation, the encapsulation being produced from glass-forming components according to the sol-gel process and being densified to a xerogel or glass, the proportion of metal colloid in the capsules being at least 80%.

Abstract: A method of treating filler can include the steps of providing the filler, disposing silica within the filler so that a bulk density of the filler is approximately 24 to 26 pounds per cubic feet, forming a silane compound that includes silane and paraffin wax, and combining the silane compound with the filler.

Abstract: There is provided colloidal silica particles comprising at least one polyvalent metal element M selected from a group consisting of iron, aluminum, zinc, zirconium, titanium, tin, and lead in an average content of 0.001 to 0.02 in terms of an M/Si molar ratio, and having an average primary particle diameter of 5 to 40 nm, wherein the content of the polyvalent metal element M present in an outermost layer of the colloidal particles is 0 to 0.003 atom per square nanometer (nm2) of a surface area of the colloidal particles; and a silica sol that the colloidal silica particles are dispersed in an organic solvent, a silica sol that the colloidal silica particles are dispersed in a polymerizable compound, and a silica sol that the colloidal silica particles are dispersed in a dicarboxylic anhydride.

Abstract: The present invention relates to biarylbisphosphines and intermediates thereof. Furthermore, the scope of the invention encompasses catalysts which can be prepared from the bisarylphosphines and their use in asymmetric syntheses.

Abstract: The present invention relates to UV-stabilised particles which are distinguished by the fact that they reflect or absorb light having wavelengths of from 290 to 500 nm. The invention furthermore relates to a process for the production of the particles according to the invention and to the use thereof in surface coatings, water-borne coatings, powder coatings, paints, printing inks, security printing inks, plastics, concrete, in cosmetic formulations, in agricultural sheeting and tent awnings, for the laser marking of papers and plastics, as light protection, and for the preparation of pigment compositions and dry preparations.

Abstract: The present invention relates to surface-modified effect pigments based on flake-form substrates which are distinguished by the fact that they are sheathed with one or more layers of immobilized LCST and/or UCST polymers. The invention furthermore relates to a process for the production of the surface-modified effect pigments and to the use thereof in surface coatings, water-borne coatings, powder coatings, paints, printing inks, security printing inks, plastics, concrete, in cosmetic formulations, in agricultural sheeting and tarpaulins, for the laser marking of papers and plastics, as light protection, as pigment for corrosion protection and for the preparation of pigment compositions and dry preparations.

Abstract: A corrosion-inhibiting pigment comprising a rare earth element and a valence stabilizer combinded to form a rare earth/valence stabilizer complex. The rare earth element is selected from cerium, terbium, praseodymium, or a combination thereof, and at least one rare earth element is in the tetravalent oxidation state. An inorganic or organic material is used to stabilize the tetravalent rare earth ion to form a compound that is sparingly soluble in water. Specific stabilizers are chosen to control the release rate of tetravalent cerium, terbium, or praseodymium during exposure to water and to tailor the compatibility of the powder when used as a pigment in a chosen binder system. Stabilizers may also modify the processing and handling characteristics of the formed powders. Many rare earth-valence stabilizer combinations are presented that can equal the performance of conventional hexavalent chromium systems.

Abstract: A spray glaze or opaque composition for coating dental restorations and other surfaces and objects such as hobby ceramics that comprises about 4 to about 50 weight % glaze material, about 5 to about 60 weight % restoration wetting agent, and about 10 to about 90% non CFC propellant. An opaque composition further comprises about 5 to about 30% opaque material.

Abstract: Inorganic pigments, having deposited on the pigment surface at least one alkenyl- or alkyl-substituted succinic anhydride and at least one organic polyol, possess improved processibility and dispersibility in thermoplastic materials, and impart improved properties to thermoplastic compositions containing said surface-treated pigments.

Abstract: A multilayer effect pigment includes a transparent substrate, a layer of high refractive index material on the substrate, and alternating layers of low refractive index and high refractive index materials on the first layer, the total number of layers being an odd number of at least three, all adjacent layers differing in refractive index by at least about 0.2 and at least one of the layers having an optical thickness which is different from all of the other layers. The resulting multilayer effect pigment is not a quarter-wave stack.

Abstract: A composite pigment is provided with the composite pigment including a dense inorganic material and silica. The pigment composition is characterized by a CTAB surface area of greater than about 20 m2/g; a BET surface area of greater than about 15 m2/g; and a density of greater than about 2.5 g/cm3.

Abstract: A color effect material is described as composed of a plurality of encapsulated substrate platelets in which each platelet is encapsulated with a highly reflective layer which acts as a reflector to light directed thereon and a spacer pigment layer which is selectively transparent to light directed thereon.

Abstract: The invention relates to particles with an opalescent effect, which have a particle size in the range from 5 &mgr;m to 5000 &mgr;m, comprising monodisperse spheres having a diameter of 50 nm to 2 &mgr;m with a standard deviation of less than 5% in a packed and regularly ordered structure which is three-dimensional in terms of domains and is mechanically stabilized by physical or chemical modification.

Abstract: To provide a high-chromatic flaky pigment with good colorability, and to provide a method for producing the flaky pigment in a simple and inexpensive plant. A high-chromatic flaky pigment of which the entire surface of the flaky substrate coated with a metal oxide having an interference color is further coated with a semi-transparent thin metal film to enhance the interference color of the pigment.

Abstract: Silica composite oxide particles comprising silica and a metal oxide other than silica, the content of the metal oxide other than silica being from 30 to 50 mol %, and a coefficient of variation in the particle diameter being not larger than 30%. The silica composite oxide particles contain metal oxides other than silica in an amount of not smaller than 30 mol %, which could not be produced thus far, and feature excellent spherical shape and excellent monodispersion property.

Abstract: The invention relates to multilayered interference pigments which comprise a platelet-shaped substrate of silicon dioxide which is coated alternately with layers of light-transparent materials having refractive indices of n>1.8 and layers of light-transparent materials having refractive indices of n≦1.8, where the optical thickness of the platelet-shaped substrate and the optical thickness of the individual layers of light-transparent materials having refractive indices of n≦1.8 are the same.

Abstract: Multilayer pearl lustre pigment on the basis of a platelet-shaped substrate comprising a material of low refractive index in the range from 1.35 to 1.8, which comprises at least (i) one first layer comprising a material having a refractive index of more than 1.8, (ii) optionally, a second layer comprising a material of low refractive index in the range from 1.35 to 1.8, (iii) a semitransparent metal layer which is applied to the substrate or to the layers (i) or (ii), and (iv) if desired, an aftercoating, the substrate being platelet-shaped silicon dioxide, aluminium oxide, boron oxide or magnesium fluoride.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel method of enameling substrates comprised of glass or vitroceramic material, according to which method the enamel composition contains graphite as a component, with the aim of improving the mechanical properties of the enameled substrate and/or conferring anti-adhesive properties on the composition. The invention also relates to the composition, and the enameled substrates obtained.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for coloring building materials with inorganic pigments in the form of microgranulates. The granulates comprise one or more pigments and one or more compounds selected from boron, aluminum, silicon, titanium, zinc and tin.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the production of hydrophobic inorganic oxide products which comprises reacting the inorganic oxide particles with organohalosilanes, preferably organochlorosilanes, to produce hydrophobic organosilane coated inorganic oxides. It is preferred that the organohalosilane compounds be reacted with the inorganic oxide particles in an aqueous slurry and subjected to intense mixing. The inorganic oxide pigments prepared by the processes of this invention have essentially quantitative retention of the organosilanes and contain no adsorbed aldehydes on their surface. The by-products produced in the preferred embodiments of the invention are innocuous salts, which are environmentally safe and readily disposable.

Abstract: A description is given of coated inorganic pigments comprising an organic pigment which has a coating, prepared by the sol-gel process from glass-forming components and densified to form a xerogel or glass, having a layer thickness of at least 0.8 .mu.m. These pigments are prepared by spray drying a sol-pigment dispersion, followed if desired by thermal densification of the xerogel layer to form a glass layer. The coated pigments are suitable for producing enamels and moldings.

Abstract: Purple pigments according to the invention based on a stovable support material, in particular a glass frit, having a coat applied by coprecipitation of an oxide hydrate of one or more elements from the range comprising Al, Si, Sn, Pb, Ti, Nb, Ta, Sc, Y, La, Ce and Zn and a water-insoluble gold compound or colloidal gold are distinguished from prior art pigments of a similar composition by improved color stability in high temperature firing. The pigments are obtainable in the aqueous phase by coprecipitation of an oxide hydrate and a gold compound or colloidal gold in the presence of a support material and in the absence of a reducing agent. Pigments containing gold compounds assume a purple color on heat treatment or by chemical reduction. Preferred pigments containing gold compounds, which may directly be used as decorative colorants, conveniently develop their color during firing of the decoration.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system of natural colors consisting of thousands of colored powders of mineral origin and of materials in or on which pigments have been applied and, afterwards, submitted to at least one thermal treatment and/or irradiation. These natural colors cover the totality of the visible spectrum and offer a great variety of tones, tints and reflections from white to black, including all the rainbow colors. The powders of this system are obtained by a combination of two mechanical, chemical, thermal and/or physical processes and are used alone or in combination. They are particularly useful to color materials and, more especially those used in the construction and architectural fields.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the production of hydrophobic inorganic oxide products which comprises reacting the inorganic oxide particles with organohalosilanes, preferably organochlorosilanes, to produce hydrophobic organosilane coated inorganic oxides. It is preferred that the organohalosilane compounds be reacted with the inorganic oxide particles in an aqueous slurry. The inorganic oxide pigments prepared by the processes of this invention have essentially quantitative retention of the organosilanes and contain no adsorbed aldehydes on their surface. The by-products produced in the preferred embodiments of the invention are innocuous salts, which are environmentally safe and readily disposable.

Abstract: Colorant clusters comprising an aggregation of a plurality of grains of sol-derived material and colorant. The clusters are particularly useful as pigments in liquid compositions, e.g., paints and inks, for forming coatings that are retroreflective immediately upon drying. Also, a process for preparing such colorant clusters comprising admixing colorant in a binder sol to yield a pigment sol and then removing liquid medium from the pigment sol to yield the clusters. Also, a coating composition comprising retroreflective elements, a vehicle, and the aforementioned colorant clusters. After application of the composition to a substrate, the resultant coating is immediately retroreflective upon drying.

Abstract: An inorganic pigment comprising a content of at least 0.1% by weight and at most 5% by weight of one or more polyorganosiloxanes, wherein the polyorganosiloxanes have viscosities of 10 to 100,000 mPa.s and a relative molecular weight of 500 to 500,000, have no reactive or crosslinking groups, contain at least one C.sub.9 -C.sub.25 Si-alkyl and/or one C.sub.9 -C.sub.25 Si-aryl group per molecule, the total content of these groups in the polyorganosiloxane being 7-70% by weight and the other organic radicals contained in the polyorganosiloxane having 1 to 8 carbon atoms. Such pigments can be used in lacquers, emulsion paints, plastics, toners, magnetic recording materials, building materials and enamels.

Abstract: Described are high solids aqueous slurries of amorphous precipitated hydrated silica, which slurries are of relatively low viscosity. The slurry typically contains from about 40 to about 60 weight percent of hydrated precipitated high structure silica. The viscosity of the high solids slurry is less than about 1000 centipoises. Processes for producing the aqueous high solids silica slurry are disclosed. In one embodiment, a wet cake of amorphous precipitated hydrated silica is liquified and the liquified wet cake charged to a high intensity mill wherein the silica is wet milled until the median agglomerate particle size of the silica is between about 0.3 and about 3 microns. In a further embodiment, finely-divided dry amorphous precipitated silica is slurried in a dispersion mill to the desired solids level and this slurry charged to a high-intensity mill and wet milled therein until the aforesaid agglomerate particle size range is attained.

Abstract: A working material for construction or repair comprising (A) a mixture of 0.5 to 30% by weight of (a-1) a hydroxide of a divalent or higher basic metal, 10 to 99% by weight of (a-2) an aggregate and 0.5 to 70% of (a-3) a bituminous substance, the total amount of these materials (a-1), (a-2) and (a-3) being 100% by weight, and covering the mixture (A), (C) oxidized rosin or a mixture of (C) oxidized rosin with (D) a compound containing more than one carboxy group per molecule on an average and/or (B) a liquid hydrocarbon or a vegetable oil.