Abstract: The present invention provides a separation method of a rare earth element and iron including: forming alkali silicate slag incorporating a rare earth element, by melting a rare earth-iron-containing material together with an alkali silicate flux in a metallic silicon melt or an iron-silicon alloy melt; and separating rare earth-containing slag from an iron-silicon alloy, in which volatilization of alkaline components contained in the flux is suppressed by performing heating and melting under an oxidizing atmosphere, and the rare earth-containing slag having a SiO2/Na2O molar ratio of 2.1 or less is formed.

Abstract: A cementitious mixture to make structures with reduction of gas permeability was disclosed. The mixture includes, cementitious materials, and one or more divalent magnesium-iron silicate that in neutral or basic aqueous solutions have the capacity to be a latent hydraulic binder comprising 2% to 99% of divalent magnesium-iron silicate by weight of total hydraulic solid materials. This can be used to produce a cementitious structure for preventing gas transfer between a first region and a second region. A cement slurry was also disclosed.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for producing a heat-dissipating ceramic foam containing carbonized cellulose particles, the method including: mixing particles of carbonized cellulose or carbonized cellulose-containing substance, ceramic powders, silicate, and water to form slurry; adding a foaming agent to the slurry to form foamed slurry; and drying the foamed slurry.

Abstract: A composition of matter as well as a protective coating or article manufactured from the composition produced by preparing a non-flammable mixture by mixing (I) at least one water-soluble alkali metal silicate selected from the group consisting of sodium silicate, potassium silicate, and combinations thereof; (II) sodium aluminosilicate, which, in the process of interacting with a soluble alkali metal silicate under heat and/or fire, substantially expands and produces foam, which provides heat/fire protection for surfaces, (III) at least one chemical selected from the group consisting of silica, mica, talc, microspheres, glass, ceramic, chopped fibers, plaster of Paris, sodium bicarbonate, cement, perlite, zinc oxide, zeolite, wollastonite, vermiculate, clay, borax and alumina, which, in the process of interacting with a soluble alkali metal silicate and sodium aluminosilicate, accelerates the processes of interaction and improves the mechanical, physical and thermal properties including providing stability o

Abstract: “GEOPOLYMER CEMENT MADE FROM RECYCLED GLASS AND ITS MANUFACTURING PROCESS”, the present invention relates to a geopolymer cement from recycled glass and its manufacturing process that, according to its characteristics, can produce geopolymer cement in its own and specific binding structure of a rigid solid type, made from recycled glass (waste), alkalis and water, and obtained directly by milling, homogenization, alkalinization and curing at room temperature, or forced curing of its components, and it can be used, in an extremely convenient, safe and cost-effective manner, as a new geopolymer matrix to replace the traditional ones made from metakaolin, blast furnace slag, fly ash or volcanic rock in various applications—to manufacture cement slabs, concrete, fiber composites and materials for coatings, aligned with an eco-friendly concept for complete reuse of this waste which is disposed in the environment.

Abstract: A method of preparing and rapidly curing a composite material having a thin cross section. The composite material includes a mixture of solid particles, at least some of which are a material that reacts with CO2, such as a silicate, for example Wollastonite. The green material is prepared by mixing the solid components with a liquid such as water to form a slurry, and forming green bodies by placing the slurry in forms. The green bodies are reacted with CO2 to form cured composite materials having thin sections, in the range of 10 to 15 mm. Curing in periods of 6 hours has been demonstrated.

Abstract: A geopolymer foam formulation, comprising at least one inorganic binder selected from the group consisting of latently hydraulic binders, pozzolanic binders and mixtures thereof; at least one alkaline activator selected from the group consisting of alkali metal hydroxides, alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal aluminates, alkali metal silicates and mixtures thereof; at least one surfactant selected from the group consisting of anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, non-ionic surfactants and mixtures thereof; a gas phase and water. This formulation can also comprise a cement, and also additives for foam stabilization, shrinkage reduction, flexibilization, hydrophobization, or dispersion, fibers and fillers or a mixture thereof, and can be a single-component or two-component formulation.

Abstract: A high temperature lightweight thermal insulating material is formed from a mixture that includes cement or silica sand, water and a foaming agent. The foaming agent can be an aluminum powder or a surfactant. The insulating material has a maximum use temperature greater than about 600 degrees Celsius.

Abstract: The invention relates to a self-setting porous cement foam (2) comprising a protein foam as the structuring agent, the cement foam (2) having pores when set, and the cement foam has a water absorption coefficient of between 0.5 and 7 kg/(m2·h0.5).

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a plurality of expanded microspheres, comprises mixing a plurality of solid particles, at least one binding material capable of binding the plurality of solid particles, and a plurality of reactive expansion components into a batch, forming a plurality of agglomerated particles from the batch, heating the plurality of agglomerated particles in an expansion equipment to above a softening temperature of at least a portion of the plurality of agglomerated particles and activating the plurality of reactive expansion components, and forming a gas and expanding the plurality of agglomerated particles into the plurality of expanded microspheres, the step of activating the plurality of reactive expansion components occurring independently from a chemical composition of an atmosphere surrounding the plurality of agglomerated particles inside the expansion equipment.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composition and method for treating a wound site of a woody plant or tree. The composition includes about 70% to 90% water by volume of the total composition and about 10% to 30% sodium metasilicate by volume of the total composition. The method includes the steps of preparing the composition and applying the composition to form a coating on the wound site.

Abstract: A method for producing a finely subdivided insulating material includes the steps of: preparing a fluid composition by mixing together an alkaline silicate, a metal hydroxide and an impermeabilizing agent, heat-treating the composition so as to produce a plurality of small cavities in the composition, and finely subdividing the composition.

Abstract: Solutions comprising a sodium silicate waterglass having a modulus of less than 3 and at least 8% by weight of an organic polyhydroxy compound such as glycerol are useful in the production of interlayers used in fire resistant glass laminates. The solutions are dried on a flat surface such as glass to produce a clear intumescent interlayer having improved impact resistance. The dried interlayer may be removed from the surface in the form of an elastomeric material which may also be used as an interlayer in a fire resistant glazing.

Abstract: An open-celled, inorganic foam based on an aluminosilicate and having a density of less than 25 g/l can be prepared by reacting and foaming an alkali metal silicate solution with an alkali metal aluminate solution in the presence of a volatile blowing agent and an emulsifier.

Abstract: An open-celled, inorganic foam based on an aluminosilicate and having a density of less than 25 g/l can be prepared by reacting and foaming an alkali metal silicate solution with an alkali metal aluminate solution in the presence of a volatile blowing agent and an emulsifier.

Abstract: A porous silicate granular material, especially as aggregate for the production of construction materials such as lightweight concrete, mortar or heat-insulating plaster containing glass and a glassy crystalline component comprising 45 to 85 wt. % SiO2, 5 to 20 wt. % alkali oxide, 5 to 30 wt. % alkaline earth oxide and 2 to 30 wt. % of other oxides such as Al2 O3 and/or Fe2O3. The glassy crystalline component accounts for 5 to 75 wt. % of the granular material. The glassy crystalline component of the granular material is a sinter reaction product. There is also a method of producing such a granular material in which the mixture is agglomerated at a temperature of 20° C. to 150° C. at normal pressure with the water vapour partial pressure being adjusted, selected or controlled as a function of time-temperature and carbon dioxide being excluded or admitted, whereby the admission of carbon dioxide is controlled by adjusting or selecting the carbon dioxide partial pressure.

Abstract: A process for preparing a silicate porous product, which comprises a step of forming a clay mineral into a dispersion by means of a dispersant, a step of removing gases dissolved in the dispersion, a step of freezing the dispersion and drying it in its frozen state under reduced pressure, and a step of firing the dried product obtained by the drying.

Abstract: A method of making a fragrance delivery system comprising forming fused microspheres and incorparting a fragrance therein. The method relates to the mixing together of two separate factions comprising a silicate part and a modifier part, drying the mixture, heating the mixture to form an agglomeration, removing any free-flowing spheres from the agglomeration, soaking the agglomeration in fragrances or essential oils, and then drying the agglomeration.

Abstract: A ceramic material, includes SiO2 and Na2O and/or K2O. The material is characterized by a porosity of over 60% and by pores, more than 70% of which have a pore size ranging between 0.1 and 15 &mgr;m. The ceramic material can be used as filtering material, for water storage and as adsorbent material.

Abstract: An intumescent powder where the molar ratio of SiO2 to Li2O+Na2O+K2O is between 2.20 to 3.70 to 1.00 and the molar ratio of Li2O to Li2O+Na2O+K2O is 0.20 to 0.35 has an intumescent point of 195° C. or higher and thus will not prematurely intumesce if mixed with another material at temperatures below 195° C. The powder as used is usually dried to 8-12% by weight to moisture for most purposes is ground to 50 to −500 microns. Preferred methods of manufacture comprise taking a source of lithium hydroxide or lithium silicate and a source of sodium silicate to create a powder with ratios as outlined above.

Abstract: Porous inorganic silica foam compositions are derived from water soluble silicate precursors and swollen non-ionic polymer templates are described. The compositions are useful as catalyst supports and as catalysts in hydrocarbon cracking and organic reactions, among other applications.

Abstract: An electronically conducting microcapillary composite matrix, produced by applying a painting or coating material on mortar or concrete, is disclosed. The painting or coating material comprises at least one of the following compounds: alumino-silicate of the summation formula aM2O*bAl203*cSiO2, with a ratio of c/b ranging from 1 to 40, preferably ranging from 5 to 20, and a ratio of a/b ranging from 1 to 25, preferably ranging from 5 to 15, with M=Li, Na, K; alumino-hydroxo-complex of the summation formula MxAl(OH)y, with x ranging from 1 to 3 and y ranging from 4 to 6, with M=Na, K; aluminum phosphates, preferably condensed aluminum phosphates in combination with water-soluble alkali silicates.

Abstract: The process of the invention characterized in that to 100 parts by weight of a silicate powder having 2000-8000 m2/g specific surface, 1-10 parts by weight of gas-forming material with particle size of 10-100 &mgr;m and 0.5-15 parts by weight of montmorillonite, 0.5-2 parts by weight of alkali hydrogen phosphate or alkali dihydrogen phosphate or a mixture of alkali metal phosphate and sodium silicate in form of aqueous solution, 0.01-5 parts by weight of rare earth metal oxide or a mixture of such oxides were added, then the mixture obtained is homogenized, pre-dried, coated with 1-5 parts by weight of titanium oxide and/or titanium oxide hydroxide and/or aluminum oxide hydroxide, then subjected to heat treatment at 720-1000° C., and the mixture obtained is molded. The subject of the invention: also the product of the above process.

Abstract: A method for hardening soil and soil hardened with the method. The soil is mixed with cement and with a soil hardening agent including at least eight of the cations Ca++, Na−, Mg++, K+, NH4+, Ba++, Fe3+, Al3+, Mn4+, Co++ and Ti4+, at least two of the anions Cl−, SO4−− and PO43− and at least one organic acid.

Abstract: Disclosed is a rigid fine-celled light-weight foam composition and a method of producing it which has improved retention of liquids by absorption/adsorption which improves the thermal insulation and fire retardant properties of the fine-celled foam particularly suited for use in double walled tanks and hollow canopies, building panels, profiles, and the like.

Abstract: A mixing agent for improving soil consists of cations selected from Ca++, Na+, Mg++, K+, NH4+, Ba++, Fe3+, Al3+, Mn4+, Co++ and Ti4+, anions selected from Cl−, SO4−− and PO43−, and organic acid such as citric acid, tartaric acid and maleic acid.

Abstract: A heat-insulating constructional material based on an alkalized and flooded siliceous raw material fabricated by comminuting solid ingredients and mixing all the raw ingredients, steaming a raw mixture and thermally bloating intermediate products obtained from the steamed raw mixture is designed for utilisation as warmth-keeping fills and light-weight concrete aggregates (in a particulate form) and as structural elements for buildings and constructions (in the form of slabs or blocks). For the purpose of controlling the desired products in a wide range of dimensions and to achieve a greater stability in its mechanical strength and water adsorption the material is obtained by cooling the steamed raw mixture prior to its transition in a brittle condition and crushing the brittle mixture prior to bloating for obtaining the intermediate products.

Abstract: A method is disclosed of producing a synthetic silicate. The method is advantageous in providing material useful in glass making. Such method involves the reaction of calcium oxides and magnesium oxides, water and sodium silicates. The glass formation is performed at a lower temperature than usual and performed with a lower amount of volatile gas release. Less cristobalite formation in the glass occurs. The synthetic silicate produced can be a cylindrical pellet.

Abstract: A fire resistant, acoustic and thermally insulative product consists essentially of a silica-containing refractory solid in finely divided or powdered particulate form, present in an amount sufficient to intumesce to a predetermined volume when exposed to a predetermined amount of heat. The product further consists essentially of an aqueous sodium silicate solution present in an amount sufficient to act as an agent in producing a foaming process whereby the finely divided solid is so bonded as to form a cellular structure. The product produces substantially no toxic fumes or gases upon exposure to excessive heat or fire.

Abstract: A premix composition for producing an inorganic solid foamed mass by mixing component (A) an aqueous acidic phosphate solution of mainly polyvalent cations and phosphoric acid wherein between 0.8 and 1.75 protons of the phosphoric acid molecule of said phosphate are neutralized by the cations, which also contains one or more fillers dispersed therein, with (B) an oxide, hydroxide or polyvalent salt of a weak acid as hardener and a carbonate foaming agent. A process of producing an inorganic foamed mass using the premix composition and a solid foamed mass produced by the process are also disclosed. The process produces a relatively elastic cross-linked structure due to mainly the secondary phosphates being neutralized versus the tertiary phosphate groups.

Abstract: Disclosed is a commercial grade of soluble silicate solutions, clear homogenous and water white essentially free of unreacted silica, made by dissolving in a closed container biogenetic silica, preferably rice hull ash, in a strong alkali solution, preferably sodium hydroxide in the presence of an agent, such as an active carbonaceous material, which prevents discoloration of the soluble silicates by absorbing and/or reacting with polyvalent metals, organic materials, and the like, in the biogenetic silica as it dissolves in and reacts with the alkali solution. The invention takes advantage of the residue of such active carbonaceous material on the biogenetic silica, such as rice hulls, left by commercial energy burning thereof which effectively prevents discoloration. A solid residue results from the method which is an active carbonaceous material including concentrated manganese from the biogenetic silica, both of which are valuable commercial products.

Abstract: A mainly inorganic foam is produced by foaming a filler-containing, preferably primary aqueous polyvalent metal phosphate solution having a defined viscosity, then by neutralising and cross-linking most of the secondary phosphoric acid protons by polyvalent cations. As foaming agents preferably carbonates are added that rapidly decompose in the acid metal phosphate solution. Cross-linking is ensured by hardening accelerators adapted to the foaming agent, for example polyvalent metal oxides. Accurately describable foaming characteristics are thus obtained which may be defined, as for a polyurethane foam, as starting time, rising time and setting time.

Abstract: Disclosed is a rigid fine-celled foam composition and a method of producing it. The foam composition is nontoxic, environmentally friendly, has improved absorption/adsorption and retention of liquids, is not as hard as prior art foams, does not include polymerization by-products detrimental to flower and plant life, and is a foamed mixture of a caustic silicate solution derived from the caustic digestion of rice hull ash having diffused activated carbon particles from thermal pyrolysis of rice hulls rather than from commercial sodium silicate solutions. Valuable by-products of commodity grade are obtained including activated carbon and sodium fluoride.

Abstract: A traction aggregate suitable for antiskidding applications where reduced dust generation is desired. An expanded substrate is saturated with a liquid absorbed dust suppressant and sealed with a liquid water repellant sealant/dust suppressant. The aggregate traction material may be dispersed over thoroughfares to provide adequate traction for vehicles and, once the snow/ice melts and the roadway dries, leaves behind a non-dusting material that will remain a dust suppressant material during and after subsequent vehicular degradation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing heat-insulating material from silicate-containing material, hydrated lime, water, foam and a reactive aluminates-containing quick-setting cement, from which a pourable raw mixture is produced which is poured into molds, the green moldings formed in the molds being demolded and autoclaved after sufficient setting. To achieve very low bulk densities, it is provided that, as silicate-containing material, a quartz powder with a specific surface area according to BET of at least approx. 3 m.sup.2 /g, in particular approx. 4 to 5 m.sup.2 /g, is used, the raw mixture is produced with a weight ratio of water/solids (excluding foam) of at least approx. 1.25 and an essentially stoichiometric amount, with respect to the virtually complete reaction of the quartz powder and the reactive aluminates, of hydrated lime with a surface area according to BET of at least approx. 15 m.sup.

Abstract: The inorganic foam body consists of an at least partially open-cell foam formed by thermally foaming and hardening a mixture comprising an alkali water glass and a filler from the group of aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, aluminous cement, crushed rocks, graphite or mixtures thereof. It is produced by heating a mixture comprising an alkali water glass and a filler from the group of aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, aluminous cement, crushed rocks, graphite with a blowing agent, and preferably azodicarbonamide, at temperatures of at least 180.degree. C., and preferably of from 200.degree. C. to 300.degree. C. The foam body has a bulk density within the range of from 50 to 500 kg/m.sup.3, and preferably of from 50 to 400 kg/m.sup.3.

Abstract: A self-hardened, high temperature-resistant, foamed composite is described. An alkali metal silicate-based matrix devoid of chemical water has dispersed therein inorganic particulates, organic particulates, or a mixture of inorganic and organic particulates, and is produced at ambient temperature by activating the silicates of an aqueous, air-entrained gel containing matrix-forming silicate, particulates, flyash, surfactant, and a pH-lowering and buffering agent.

Abstract: This invention relates to a foamable silicate composition comprising (a) one or more alkali metal silicates, (b) a blowing agent, (c) a hardener which can be an acetate or a formate ester of a di-polyhydric alcohol or a polyoxyalkylene glycol and (d) a surfactant having a hydrophilic-lypophilic balance of at least 8. The formulations are readily produced by mixing the components, are pourable, pumpable and sprayable, and give rise to foams of excellent compressive strength and thermal insulation properties under ambient conditions.

Abstract: Macro defect free cementitious products are obtained by curing or firing a cementitious composition comprising water, a reactive filler and a water soluble alkali metal silicate.The products show good strength and heat and water stability, by contrast with known mdf products where leaching out of the polymers used results in decreased strength.

Abstract: A composition for use in manufacturing fire and heat resistant components, typically by moulding, comprises a mixture of foamed filler, a liquid binder and one or more frits. The composition may itself be moulded to form such components or may be included in other moulding systems to impart fire and heat resistant properties to a moulding.