Abstract: A treatment fluid may comprise: a water having hardness at about 300 ppm or greater, a plurality of particulates, a swellable clay, a chelating agent at about 0.01% to about 5% by weight of the water (BWOW); and an alkali metal base at about 0.01% to about 5% BWOW, wherein the chelating agent and alkali metal base reduce the negative effect of the water on hydrating swellable clays.

Abstract: A system and method for applying a construction material is provided. The method may include mixing blast furnace slag material, geopolymer material, alkali-based powder, and sand at a batching and mixing device to generate a non-Portland cement-based material. The method may also include transporting the non-Portland cement-based material from the mixing device, through a conduit to a nozzle and combining the transported non-Portland cement-based material with liquid at the nozzle to generate a partially liquefied non-Portland cement-based material. The method may further include pneumatically applying the partially liquefied non-Portland cement-based material to a surface.

Abstract: Fast-setting flowable fill compositions for filling ground trenches are described. The compositions set quickly but retain a low strength psi at 28 days. The compositions also reduce bleed water on the surface of the fast-setting flowable fill and therefor enable quicker application of surface repair material, e.g., pavement patches, to the trench. The compositions consist of aggregate, Portland cement, accelerant, water and sometimes air. The compositions may have a compressive strength of between 5 psi and 60 psi after 2 hours, a compressive strength of between 10 psi and 100 psi after 4 hours, a compressive strength of between 75 psi and 500 psi after 28 days, a penetration resistance of between 1.5 tsf and 75 tsf after 2 hours, a penetration resistance of between 4.5 tsf and 200 tsf after 4 hours, and a shrinkage of less than 2% as measured by ASTM C490. Also disclosed are methods of filling a trench with fast-setting flowable fill.

Abstract: Fly ash-based geopolymer binders and activating solutions for use in forming a concrete as well as methods for forming concrete including the binders are described. The fly ash-based geopolymer binders include a combination of fly ash, silica fume, and sodium hydroxide as well as an amount of Portland cement. Concretes formed of the binders can exhibit excellent compressive strength and fuel energy characteristics as well as being more cost efficient as compared to other concretes. The inclusion of an amount of Portland cement in the binders can allow for a decrease in sodium hydroxide and silica fume content while maintaining desirable compressive strength characteristics.

Abstract: A copolymer as dispersant in a binder composition comprising an alkaline activating agent, wherein the activating agent is especially suitable for activation of a latently hydraulic and/or pozzolanic binder, wherein the copolymer has a polymer backbone and side chains bonded thereto and comprises at least one ionizable monomer unit M1 and at least one side chain-bearing monomer unit M2, and wherein the copolymer has a gradient structure in at least one section A in a direction along the polymer backbone with regard to the ionizable monomer unit M1 and/or with regard to the side chain-bearing monomer unit M2.

Abstract: Fast-setting flowable fill compositions for filling ground trenches are described. The compositions set quickly but retain a low strength psi at 28 days. The compositions also reduce bleed water on the surface of the fast-setting flowable fill and therefor enable quicker application of surface repair material, e.g., pavement patches, to the trench. The compositions consist of aggregate, Portland cement, accelerant, water and sometimes air. The compositions may have a compressive strength of between 5 psi and 60 psi after 2 hours, a compressive strength of between 10 psi and 100 psi after 4 hours, a compressive strength of between 75 psi and 500 psi after 28 days, a penetration resistance of between 1.5 tsf and 75 tsf after 2 hours, a penetration resistance of between 4.5 tsf and 200 tsf after 4 hours, and a shrinkage of less than 2% as measured by ASTM C490. Also disclosed are methods of filling a trench with fast-setting flowable fill.

Abstract: Disclosed are traceable polymeric additives that comprise a tagging material and methods of using the traceable polymeric additives in subterranean applications, such as cementing. An embodiment discloses a well treatment composition comprising a base fluid and a traceable polymeric additive comprising a polymer and a tagging material.

Abstract: The invention relates to cementitious compositions, concrete compositions, and methods of making and using the cementitious compositions in the preparation of concrete. In particular, the cementitious compositions comprise a saccharide. In an aspect of the invention, the concrete compositions have improved properties, which can include, but are not limited to, increased flexural and compressive strength, improved wear, reduced permeability, and reduced slumping.

Abstract: A high performance engineered composite cementitious ductile mortar including a predetermined amount of matrix interactive fibers; a water reducer having a plasticizing effect; and a defoamer/plasticizer having a plasticizing effect. A carboxylic acid polymer or carboxylic acid copolymer based superplasticizer are not included in the defoamer/plasticizer or the water reducer.

Abstract: It has been unexpectedly discovered that the addition of a natural or other pozzolan to non-spec fly ash significantly improves the properties of the non-spec fly ash to the extent it can be certified under ASTM C618 and AASHTO 295, as either a Class F or Class C fly ash. The natural pozzolan may be a volcanic ejecta, such as pumice or perlite. Other pozzolans may also be used for this beneficiation process. Many pozzolans are experimentally tested and may be used to beneficiate non-spec fly ash into certifiable Class F fly ash. Additionally, this disclosure provides a method of converting a Class C fly ash to a more valuable Class F fly ash. This discovery will extend diminishing Class F fly ash supplies and turn non-spec fly ash waste streams into valuable, certified fly ash pozzolan which will protect and enhance concrete, mortars and grouts.

Abstract: A method of cementing in a subterranean formation comprises: introducing a cement composition into a wellbore penetrating the subterranean formation, wherein at least a portion of the subterranean formation has a temperature less than or equal to the freezing point of an aqueous liquid, and wherein the cement composition comprises: (A) cement; (B) water; and (C) a pozzolan, wherein the cement composition has a heat of hydration of less than 50 BTU per pound; and causing or allowing the cement composition to set in the wellbore after the step of introducing. The pozzolan can have a calcium oxide concentration of less than 15% by weight of the pozzolan, and the pozzolan can have a concentration of at least 15% by weight of the cement. Gas hydrates can be present in or adjacent to a portion of the well.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a bentonite modifier, comprising a water-soluble thiosulfate, a water-soluble alcohol compound, and a water-soluble amine compound, wherein the amounts of thiosulfate, the alcohol compound, and the amine compound are in the ratio of (0.3˜1):(0.3˜1):(0.3˜1). The present disclosure further relates to a bentonite-containing cement additive capable of resisting permeation and salt corrosion, comprising bentonite and said modifier, wherein the content of the bentonite modifier is 0.2˜5% of the bentonite by weight. Meanwhile, the present disclosure also provides use of the modified bentonite.

Abstract: A pre-mixed mortar, stucco or masonry composition includes from 30 percent to 72 percent masonry sand by weight, from 20 percent to 50 percent concrete sand by weight, from 15 percent to 20 percent slag cement by weight, from 1 percent to 4 percent acetic acid by weight, from 3 percent to 10 percent fly ash by weight, from 1 percent to 5 percent clay bentonite by weight, from 1 percent to 5 percent calcium oxide by weight, and from 3 percent to 10 percent sodium carbonate by weight.

Abstract: Hydraulic binder comprising: at least one first calcium aluminosilicate derivative with a fineness of less than 6000 Blaine, slag microparticles with a fineness of greater than or equal to 6000 Blaine in an amount of between 1 and 35% of the total weight of the binder, preferably of between 5 and 15%, at least one source of calcium sulphate and at least one base in an amount of less than or equal to 1% of the total weight of the binder.

Abstract: A cement composition comprising industrial waste containing calcium oxide and a retarder is disclosed. The cement composition is free of Portland cement. The composition also includes an alkali metal oxide, a hydrocarboxylic acid, and a sulphate compound. The cement may be used in methods for cementing subterranean formations such as oil and gas wells.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are disclosed that comprise cement kiln dust having a mean particle size that has been altered. An embodiment discloses a method of preparing cement kiln dust comprising: providing cement kiln dust having an original particle size; and altering the mean particle size of the cement kiln dust from the original size by grinding, separating, or a combination thereof. Another embodiment discloses a well treatment fluid comprising: cement kiln dust having a mean particle size that has been altered from its original size by grinding, separating, or a combination thereof; and water.

Abstract: A concrete mix for use in forming molded concrete end products is disclosed. The concrete mix includes treated porcelain kernels, cement and sand. The treated porcelain kernels are formed from recycled and currently unusable porcelain products. The porcelain products are crushed and processed to create porcelain kernels having a desired size. The porcelain kernels having the desired size are mixed with cement and sand and the concrete mix is packaged for subsequent use. The concrete mix including the porcelain kernels formed from recycled porcelain products allows the porcelain end products to be recycled while providing concrete products that have lighter weight and greater flame resistance.

Abstract: Disclosed are encapsulated zinc compounds, together with methods for preparing and use the same. Also disclosed are methods for mixing the encapsulated zinc mixtures with a cement, and the resulting concrete compositions.

Abstract: A composite binder comprises: one or more Class F fly ash materials, one or more gelation enhancers, and one or more hardening enhancers, wherein each of the one or more Class F fly ash materials comprises 15 wt. % or less calcium oxide, and wherein the composite binder is a Portland cement-free binder for concrete. Also provided are Geopolymer Composite Cellular Concretes (GCCCs) including the composite binder and methods of making these GCCCs.

Abstract: The present invention relates to binders based on latently hydraulic and/or pozzolanic materials that are activated by an addition of ternesite (C5S2$).

Abstract: Embodiments provided herein relate to removing liquid from soil or other moisture rich media. In some embodiments, a method for solidifying sludge is provided and involves providing a sludge, fluidizing the sludge to form a fluidized sludge, adding a gelling agent to the fluidized sludge in an amount sufficient to form a slurry, and adding a dewatering agent to the slurry in an amount sufficient to dewater the slurry, thereby solidifying the sludge.

Abstract: A packaged concrete additive includes ground, expanded perlite with a volume weighted mean particle size of approximately 10-100 ?m. The perlite optionally includes at least one additional component to improve workability and compensate for the natural tendency of expanded perlite to absorb water from the concrete mix. The additional component can include: water; a superplasticizer such as polycarboxylates, naphthalene sulfonate, and melamine sulfonate; or a hydrophobic compound, such as salts of fatty acids, fatty acids, silanes, and siloxanes. The additive is a flowable powder and for convenience of use it is packaged in a bag that can be directly added to the concrete batch and disappears on mixing. Concrete containing this additive displays superior properties to conventional concrete. Expanded perlite is a readily available raw material and the finished concrete is suitable where high strength structural concrete must withstand high temperatures.

Abstract: A concrete additive includes expanded perlite with a volume weighted mean particle size of approximately 10-100 ?m. The perlite further includes at least one additional component to improve workability and compensate for the natural tendency of expanded perlite to absorb water from the concrete mix. The additional component can include: water; a superplasticizer such as polycarboxylates, naphthalene sulfonate, and melamine sulfonate; or a hydrophobic compound such as salts of fatty acids, fatty acids, silanes, and siloxanes. The additive can be made in the form of a flowable powder or a flowable slurry. Concrete containing this additive displays superior properties to conventional concrete, including extremely high thermal resistance and high strength, low chloride ion permeability, and good early strength. The expanded perlite is a readily available raw material and the finished concrete is extremely cost effective for applications where a high strength structural concrete must withstand high temperatures.

Abstract: A cementitious mixture for high-volume production of masonry products comprises a hydraulic binder accounting for 20 wt % or more of the cementitious mixture, the hydraulic binder comprising 75 to 100 wt % Class C fly ash with a CaO equivalent content of at least 15% by weight. The cementitious mixture also comprises one or more aggregates, and a set control system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of binders by calcinating mineral raw material mixtures. In order to improve the process and the quality of the binders, it is proposed that oil shale and/or oil sand fills are converted by targeted agglomeration into particles of a certain size and consistency, wherein the water content for the mechanical stabilization of the agglomerate is adjusted to less than 25 percent and the agglomerates are calcinated to form binders at temperatures between 800 and 1500° C. under reductive conditions over the entire process with a Lambda value <1 in a vertical shaft furnace with updraft gasification. The binding properties are adjusted by the targeted addition of CaO-containing substances and/or existing sulfur fractions of the oil sands and/or oil shales are bound by means of the CaO that is present in the starting material and/or added.

Abstract: A method can use the ashes of pet or human remains and combining them with natural materials and chemical stabilizers to form, under high pressure, strong building materials. These internment blocks can be formed in an unlimited variety of shapes and weights and can be used to build permanent structures. The ashes are forever protected from the elements and are in a final resting place as part of the memorial structure. The building blocks require zero perpetual care and can last up to or beyond 1000 years. The building blocks can be designed into a lasting memorial of the size and scope desired. In their final cured state, the building blocks can be as hard as stone and impervious to moisture.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition and a process for the preparation of chemical activated cold setting fly ash building construction materials. The chemical activator is an alkaline aqueous solution of 11.2 to 13.6 in pH and 1.25 to 1.40 gm/cc in density which contains admixtures of different concentrations of hydroxyl, sulfate, acetate and chloride bearing chemical salts of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium and aluminum in water medium. The reaction of chemical activator solution and the mineral constituents of fly ash mix develop binding property. The binding matrix of chemical activated fly ash mix is mostly hydrous silica and silicate group of phases which on setting under atmospheric condition attains strength suitable for building construction application. Utilization of fly ash of any source by weight ranges from 80 to 99% in manufacture of building materials including heat and acid resistance and toxic waste disposal products.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mixture containing an alkali-activated aluminosilicate binder, said mixture, after hardening, containing at least 25% by weight of glass beads, based on the total mass. The hardened product has a surface which has very little tendency to soil and is easy to clean. A process for the preparation of the mixture according to the invention and the use thereof as joint filler are disclosed.

Abstract: A composition used for high-strength impermeable concrete. The composition contains sand, stone, cement, water reducer, water and reinforced impermeable sand. The reinforced impermeable sand includes aeolian sand and binder covering the surface of the aeolian sand. The reinforced impermeable sand can fill the gap between the sand and the stone, and well combine various components in the composition, and suppress the seepage phenomenon of the molded concrete, thereby greatly improving the strength and impermeability of the concrete.

Abstract: Disclosed are encapsulated zinc compounds, together with methods for preparing and use the same. Also disclosed are methods for mixing the encapsulated zinc mixtures with a cement, and the resulting concrete compositions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an alkali-activated binder which can be used as a binder for replacing cement, and more particularly, to an alkali-activated binder, and to mortar, concrete, concrete products, and wet loess paving material comprising the binder, in which inorganic sodium-free alkaline materials are contained to reduce the total amount of Na2O and K2O in concrete, thus improving the workability and the strength stability and inhibiting the alkali-aggregate reaction.

Abstract: The method includes subjecting the pozzolans in crushed state to a high energetic mechanical processing by grinding in a grinding equipment, whereby the pozzolan particles receive mechanical impulses, and the grinding is carried out for a predetermined time resulting in a compressive strength of a 2 inch side cube of mortar having 80% Portland cement and 20% natural pozzolan in a ratio of 1:2.75 to standard sand and in addition water required to obtain a flow of the mortar according to American standard ASTM C 109, which has been properly compacted under vibration and hardened at +20° C. in sealed condition, which after 28 days is ?75% of the compressive strength of a 2 inch side cube, treated as the cube, of a mortar having a ratio of Portland cement:sand of 1:2.75 and water corresponding to 48.5% of the weight of Portland cement.

Abstract: Fiber-containing composite particles and fiber-reinforced barrier matrix compositions made from them are disclosed. The composite particles include a core, a hydratable clay mineral layer, an optional protective coating, and a reinforcing fiber. The fiber may be present in any or all of several locations: adhered to the core, dispersed in the hydratable layer or in the protective coating. Upon hydration, the hydratable clay mineral layer swells and forms a matrix that cohesively holds the fibers and the core in a fiber-reinforced barrier matrix composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hydraulic setting mixture comprising: a) 6% to 25% by weight of cement, b) 50% to 90% by weight of at least one aggregate, and c) 0.001% to 8% by weight of at least one fluoroorganyl-substituted silicon compound, and also to materials produced from this mixture, more particularly components, concrete articles or mouldings. The invention further relates to the use of a hydraulic setting mixture of the invention for producing materials, more particularly components, concrete articles or mouldings, for example as face concrete, where the surface of the materials exhibits only relatively low soiling tendency (“easy-to-clean” property) even on abrasion.

Abstract: Provided herein are compositions, methods, and systems for cementitious compositions containing calcium carbonate compositions and aggregate. The compositions find use in a variety of applications, including use in a variety of building materials and building applications.

Abstract: A method of making a rapid setting lightweight cementitious composition with improved compressive strength for products such as boards is disclosed. The method mixes fly ash, alkali metal salt of citric acid and lightweight aggregate with water. Compositions which include fly ash, alkali metal salts of citric acid and lightweight aggregate are also disclosed.

Abstract: Retardant-free inorganic polymer compositions and methods for their preparation are described herein. The methods include mixing reactants comprising a reactive powder and an activator in the presence of water and forming an inorganic polymer product. In some examples, the method includes continuously feeding the resultant mixture to produce the inorganic polymer product. Also described herein are mixtures and inorganic polymer compositions. Further described are building materials formed according to the methods.

Abstract: Disclosed are a system, a method and/or composition of environment friendly composite construction material. In one aspect, a method includes providing a mixture of a pozzolanic material and/or a kaolin clay with an activator solution to form an alumino-silicate cementitious material through a resulting geo-polymerization process. The alumino-silicate cementitious material is in the form of a paste. The method also includes processing the alumino-silicate cementitious material to transform the alumino-silicate cementitious material that is in the form of the paste to a form of a powder of the alumino-silicate cementitious material. The method further includes mixing the alumino-silicate cementitious material which is in the form of the powder with water to control a workability of the alumino-silicate cementitious material.

Abstract: A cement composition, and a process for producing a cement composition, wherein the cement composition has the Sr content of 0.065 mass % to 1.0 mass % and the MgO content of greater than 1.0 mass % to 3.0 mass %. The process for producing a cement composition comprises a step (A) of adjusting the basic raw material units of raw materials selected from the group consisting of limestone, silica stone, coal ash, clay, blast furnace slag, soil generated by construction work, sewage sludge, hydrocake and iron sources so that the cement composition has the Sr content of 0.065 mass % to 1.0 mass % and the MgO content of greater than 1.0 mass % to 3.0 mass %, blending the adjusted raw materials and burning to produce cement clinker, and a step (B) of mixing the cement clinker with gypsum and an admixture of limestone and blast furnace slag followed by grinding.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention comprises a method of cementing comprising: placing a settable composition into a well bore, the settable composition comprising unexpanded perlite, cement kiln dust, and water; and allowing the settable composition to set. Another embodiment of the present invention comprises a method of cementing comprising: placing a settable composition into a well bore, the settable composition comprising ground unexpanded perlite, Portland cement interground with pumicite, and water; and allowing the settable composition to set. Yet another embodiment of the present invention comprises a settable composition comprising: ground unexpanded perlite; cement kiln dust; and water.

Abstract: A plastic refractory material or a refractory mortar which harden when dried and which contain at least one light-weight filler, a binder, fibers and/or wollastonite as well as water is characterized in that blown closed-cell volcanic ash is used as the light-weight filler, the ash being provided with a superficial water-protection layer, in that an inorganic-organic hybrid binder is used as the binder, the binder containing silicic acid and an organic polymer, and in that the material or the mortar contains kaolin or kaolinite and silicon dioxide. It is suggested to publish the abstract without a drawing.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cement-free alkali-activated binder. More particularly, the present invention relates to a cement-free alkali-activated binder having a novel combination ratio, which can improve the compressive strength of mortar and concrete in which the cement-free alkali-activated binder is used as a binding material instead of cement, and which can solve the low field applicability of mortar and concrete in terms of quick setting characteristics, fluidity loss, economic efficiency and the like, and to mortar or concrete comprising the same. The cement-free alkali-activated binder can improve field applicability by controlling the content and combination ratio of an alkali activator included in the cement-free alkali-activated binder, and can solve the problems of the toxicity of cement, the carbon dioxide (CO2) produced during the manufacturing of cement and the exhaustion of natural resources due to the production of cement.

Abstract: Embodiments disclose method and compositions that comprise cement kiln dust and rice husk ash. An embodiment comprises a method of cementing comprising: placing a settable composition into a subterranean formation, the settable composition comprising cement kiln dust, rice husk ash, and water; and allowing the settable composition to set. Another embodiment discloses a settable composition comprising cement kiln dust, rice husk ash, and water.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are disclosed that comprise cement kiln dust having a mean particle size that has been altered. An embodiment discloses a method of preparing cement kiln dust comprising: providing cement kiln dust having an original particle size; and altering the mean particle size of the cement kiln dust from the original size by grinding, separating, or a combination thereof. Another embodiment discloses a well treatment fluid comprising: cement kiln dust having a mean particle size that has been altered from its original size by grinding, separating, or a combination thereof; and water.

Abstract: Disclosed are a system, a method and/or composition of environment friendly composite construction material. In one aspect, a method includes providing a mixture of a pozzolanic material and/or a kaolin clay with an activator solution to form an alumino-silicate cementitious material through a resulting geo-polymerization process. The alumino-silicate cementitious material is in the form of a paste. The method also includes processing the alumino-silicate cementitious material to transform the alumino-silicate cementitious material that is in the form of the paste to a form of a powder of the alumino-silicate cementitious material. The method further includes mixing the alumino-silicate cementitious material which is in the form of the powder with water to control a workability of the alumino-silicate cementitious material.

Abstract: Partial oxidation of crumb rubber derived from environmental hazardous waste tires yields surface treated crumb rubber and a gas condensate which are used as blending stocks for making rubberized concrete with substantially improved mechanical strength as compared to the conventional rubberized concrete. The chemically more active rubber surface becomes hydrophilic, so it interacts with the hydrophilic surface of surrounding cement matrix much stronger. The gas condensate co-produced in the partial oxidation reactor consists of mainly active sulfur oxides (R—SOx—R) and serves as an excellent bonding agent to further enhance the bonding strength between the partially oxidized rubber particles and the cement mixes. The mechanically improved rubberized concrete is more versatile than conventional rubberized concrete.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition and a process for the preparation of chemical activated cold setting fly ash building construction materials. The chemical activator is an alkaline aqueous solution of 11.2 to 13.6 in pH and 1.25 to 1.40 gm/cc in density which contains admixtures of different concentrations of hydroxyl, sulfate, acetate and chloride bearing chemical salts of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium and aluminum in water medium. The reaction of chemical activator solution and the mineral constituents of fly ash mix develop binding property. The binding matrix of chemical activated fly ash mix is mostly hydrous silica and silicate group of phases which on setting under atmospheric condition attains strength suitable for building construction application. Utilization of fly ash of any source by weight ranges from 80 to 99% in manufacture of building materials including heat and acid resistance and toxic waste disposal products.

Abstract: A method for producing a reaction product including at least one synthetic formulation that carbonates sufficiently, said method comprising: providing a first raw material, having a first concentration of M; providing a second raw material, having a second concentration of Me; and mixing the first raw material and the second raw material to produce a reaction product that includes at least one synthetic formulation having the general formula MaMebOc, MaMeb(OH)d, MaMebOc(OH)d or MaMebO(OH)d.(H2O)e, wherein M comprises at least one metal that can react to form a carbonate and Me is at least one element that can form an oxide during the carbonation reaction, wherein the at least one synthetic formulation is capable of undergoing a carbonation reaction, and wherein the at least one synthetic formulation is capable of undergoing volume change during the carbonation reaction.

Abstract: Disclosed are a system, a method and/or composition of reduction of carbon dioxide in the manufacturing of cement and concrete. In one embodiment, a method of producing a concrete, includes preparing a dried powder mixture of an alkali hydroxide, a sodium silicate, clay and a pozzolanic material. The dried powder with water may be reacted to form a cement paste. In addition, the cement paste may be mixed with at one of sand, an aggregate, a plasticizer and a nano additive to form the concrete.

Abstract: Of the many compositions and methods provided herein, one method includes providing a settable fluid that comprises an aqueous-based medium, a lime composition, and a cementitious blend that comprises metakaolin particulates and aluminosilicate particulates, wherein the cementitious blend is essentially free of Portland cement; introducing the settable fluid into a wellbore penetrating a subterranean formation that comprises a corrosive component; and allowing the settable fluid to set therein.