Abstract: Compositions for low heat cements developed especially for massive concrete works and which exhibit a compressive strength/heat of hydration ratio of at least 7.0 at the age of 13 weeks. One of two inventions provides a powder prepared by mixing CaO, SiO.sub.2, and Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 materials, melting the mixture, quenching the melt, and grinding the quenched matter, the powder being composed mainly of amorphous substances and chemically having a CaO/SiO.sub.2 (molar ratio) of 0.8-1.5 and an Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 content of no more than 10 wt. %. The other invention provides a mixed powder comprising no less than 70 wt. % of a powder and no more than 30 wt. % of an addition (portland cement or the like), the powder being the same as that of the first invention in both predominance of amorphous substances and CaO/SiO.sub.2 (molar ratio) excepting the Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 content which is less than 12 wt. % in the second invention.

Abstract: A method of cementing an oil and gas wellbore is accomplished by mixing together blast furnace slag, construction grade cement and water to form a pumpable slurry. The slurry is then pumped to a selected location within an oil and gas well and allowed to solidify within the wellbore. The blast furnace slag alters the properties of the construction grade cement so that it can be used in the construction of oil and gas wells, where it would otherwise not be feasible to use. The blast furnace slag enhances the physical and chemical properties of the construction grade cement, increasing gel times and decreasing fluid loss.

Abstract: In the method of the invention, a storable hydraulically-active cementitious slurry is made and used to cement within subterranean foundations for oil and gas wells. The slurry is made from hydraulically-active, cementitious material suitable for oil field purposes and can be stored until needed. During storage, the slurry remains liquid. The slurry is activated when needed for cementing. After pumping the activated slurry into the wellbore, the set cement has properties acceptable for well cementing.

Abstract: Sealable liquid-tight containers and methods for economically manufacturing such containers for storing and dispensing substances and any other purposes for which conventional sealable liquid-tight containers are utilized. The containers are readily and economically formed from mixtures of hydraulically settable binders such as hydraulic cement, gypsum and clay with water. Appropriate additives can also be added to the mixture which impart desired characteristics and properties to both the mixture and the hardened containers. The mixtures can be utilized to form containers by various methods. One method involves forming the containers without substantial mixing of the mixture, compacting the mixture and hydrating the mixture. Other methods involve molding the mixture, extruding the mixture and forming sheets from the mixture to be converted into containers. The components may also be dried, coated, lined, laminated and/or receive printing.

Abstract: A concrete product which uses 100% of the melt slags and pulverizes the melt slags into aggregates and fine powders, grinds the aggregates so that the percentage of absolute volume of the aggregates is over 60%, mixes the aggregates, fine powders, water and cement, and forms the mixture into the concrete product by vibration or press molding.

Abstract: High-strength, high-hardness concrete, mortar, or grout is prepared by blending portland cement, water, and aggregate with a source of reactive silica, pouring the concrete mixture into a form, allowing the concrete to cure until it reaches its conventional 28-day strength, and immersing the cured concrete in a solution of alkali metal hydroxide and aluminum nitrate at 60.degree.-110.degree. C. for 3-14 days. Alternatively, the cured concrete may be sprayed with the solution and maintained at 60.degree.-110.degree. C. for 3-14 days. A dense, hard surface layer of alkali metal aluminum silicate is formed, the compressive strength and surface hardness of the concrete is increased, and the water infiltration rate into the concrete is decreased.

Abstract: In a process for the preparation of cement from metallurgical slags, in which liquid slags from reduction processes and steelworks processes, e.g. blast furnace and converter slag, are mixed together and mixed with lime the procedure is such that in a first cooling phase at temperatures above 1000.degree. C., and preferably above 1200.degree. C., the cooling is slower than in a subsequent second cooling phase and that the solidified product obtained is granulated and/or ground in order to obtain directly cement with improved hydraulic properties, in particular increased final strength.

Abstract: A metal fiber concrete composition for molding a concrete element, the composition being essentially constituted by a Portland cement, granular elements, fine elements for pozzolan reaction, metal fibers, a dispersing agent, optionally other additives, and water. The preponderant granular elements have a maximum grain size D of not more than 800 micrometers. The preponderant metal fibers have individual lengths 1 lying in the range 4 mm to 20 mm. The ratio R of the mean length L of the fibers divided by said maximum size D of the granular elements is not less than 10. The amount of preponderant metal fibers is such that the volume of preponderant metal fibers lies in the range 1.0% to 4% of the volume of the concrete after setting.

Abstract: A blended hydraulic cement binder, is disclosed, consisting of water, fly ash, Type III portland cement, Type I portland cement, slag cement, ground silica, boric acid, borax, citric acid and an alkali metal activator. The cement binder and sequences for mixing the composition, is particularly useful because it provides: time to mix all components adequately, unrestricted transporting time that can be terminated, at will, followed by alterable placement and finishing times. The cement binder can be used as a neat cement or it can be extended with fillers, such as sand and gravel, to make mortar or concrete, that rapidly gains very high structural strengths.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing a hydraulic cement binder for both general and special applications, consisting of water, cementitious materials, boric acid, borax, citric acid, an alkali metal activator, and with or without ground silica. This cement making process with sequences for mixing the composition, is particularly useful because it provides: time to mix all components adequately, unrestricted transporting time that can be terminated, at will, followed by alterable placement and finishing times. The process provides the means for creating a hydraulic cement binder that can be used as a neat cement or it can be extended with fillers, such as sand and gravel, to make mortar or concrete, that rapidly gains very high structural strengths.

Abstract: A homogeneous dry particulate cement mixture in ready-to-use form is provided, which comprises ground blast-furnace slag having a specific surface area of 500-750 m.sup.2 /kg and ground fly ash having a specific surface area of 500-750 m.sup.2 /kg, in a weight ratio in the range of 20/80-70/30, and further comprises the following components in the amounts indicated, calculated on the total mixture: at least 2% by weight of portland cement clinker and 2-12% by weight of sodium silicate (calculated as Na.sub.2 O+SiO.sub.2). When processed, the cement mixture yields a mortar or a concrete having improved strength properties as well as a good resistance against an acidic environment.

Abstract: The invention concerns a raw material briquette for mineral wool production containing a mineral raw material as well as a binder therefor. The invention is characterized in that the briquette, as the binder, contains slag which has been activated with an alkaline agent, such as with an alkalimetal compound. The invention also concerns a process for the preparation of the briquette as well as a process for the preparation of mineral fibres using the briquette according to the invention.

Abstract: Cementitious containers which have a cementitious structural matrix for use in the packaging, storing, partitioning, and/or shipping of goods. The containers are manufactured from cementitious materials in order to be strong, durable, tough, lightweight, cushioning, insulative, inexpensive, and more environmentally compatible than those currently used in packaging, storing, and/or shipping goods. The cementitious structural matrix of the containers includes a hydraulic cement paste (formed from the reaction of water with, e.g., a portland cement) in combination with a rheology-modifying plasticizer, such as methylhydroxyethylcellulose. Preferred embodiments may also include various aggregate materials, fibrous materials, and air voids, which add the necessary strength while making the product lightweight, and which can provide insulative properties (if desired) at a cost which is economically justified in comparison to conventional paper and polystyrene products.

Abstract: Set retarded ultra fine cement compositions which remain pumpable for a predictable period of time at temperatures up to about 400.degree. F. are provided. The compositions are basically comprised of an ultra fine hydraulic cement, sufficient water to form a pumpable slurry and a set retarder comprised of a water soluble aliphatic compound containing at least three carbon atoms and at least one phosphonic acid or phosphonate group.

Abstract: An iron making blast furnace revert briquette composition including finishing mill scale, steelmaking slag, blast furnace dust and a binder wherein the binder includes Portland cement, granulated blast furnace slag cement or mixtures thereof and bentonite. The bentonite improves the cold and hot strength of the briquette.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cement composition which can be hardened hydraulically and which consists of ground cement clinker material, granulated blast furnace slags and comminuted steel slags. The comminution of the steel slags is preferably carried out by grinding, in particular to a particle size of at most 0.2 mm and expediently to 0.09 mm. The ground steel slags have a Blaine value of at least 400 m.sup.2 /kg, expediently 473 m.sup.2 /kg, and a weight per unit volume of 2,800-4,000 kg/m.sup.3. The steel slags are chosen from air-cooled steel slags, foamed steel slags, granulated steel slags or a combination thereof. A method is also described for the preparation of a cement composition which can be hardened hydraulically, in which method cement clinker material and ground, granulated blast furnace slags are mixed with ground steel slags at normal or elevated temperature and pressure, the obtained mixture is cooled if desired, and comminuted to obtain a hydraulically hardenable cement composition.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing a hydraulic cement binder for both general and special applications, consisting of water, cementitious materials, boric acid, borax, citric acid, an alkali metal activator, and with or without ground silica. This cement making process with sequences for mixing the composition, is particularly useful because it provides: time to mix all components adequately, unrestricted transporting time that can be terminated, at will, followed by alterable placement and finishing times. The process provides the means for creating a hydraulic cement binder that can be used as a neat cement or it can be extended with fillers, such as sand and gravel, to make mortar or concrete, that rapidly gains very high structural strengths.

Abstract: A fixant for fixing toxic organic compounds comprised in waste material comprising an inorganic binder based on calcium compounds mixed with an alumino silicate, and at least one metal sulphate which fixes said organic compounds and counteracts leaching, is disclosed. Preferably a combination of several metal sulphates, especially aluminum sulphate, manganese sulphate and ferric sulphate is used. Moreover, the fixant preferably comprises an organo-clay compound, in particular a bentonite, a montmorillonite and a hectorite.A process of treating waste material comprising toxic organic compounds by mixing said waste material with said fixant, as well as a matrix formed from at least a set inorganic binder based on a cement and a silicate with environmentally harmful organic compounds containing waste material encapsulated therein, said matrix also comprising at least one metal sulphate which fixes said organic compounds and counteracts leaching is disclosed.

Abstract: Processes and systems for producing cementitious materials from ferrous blast furnace slags. Processes comprise mixing of a source of CaO with molten slag flowing from at least one slag tap hole of a blast furnace. Sufficient CaO is mixed with the molten slag to raise the ratio of CaO to SiO.sub.2, the C/S Ratio, of the slag to between about 64 1.06 and 1.25, while maintaining the Base Number of the molten slag less than about 1.55. The slag is then water granulated and ground to a predetermined degree of fineness. An activator then is added to the ground granulated slag. The C/S Ratio of the granulated slag determines the degree of fineness to which the granulated slag must be ground to achieve a desired hydration rate in the resultant cementitious material. Cementitious materials with C/S Ratios in this range may be ground less finely, yet possess the same hydration rates, as other more finely ground cementitious materials.

Abstract: A blended, hydraulic cement binder, is disclosed, consisting of water, fly ash, Type III portland cement, Type I portland cement, slag cement, ground silica, boric acid, borax, citric acid and an alkali metal activator. The cement binder and sequences for mixing the composition, is particularly useful because it provides: time to mix all components adequately, unrestricted transporting time that can be terminated, at will, followed by alterable placement and finishing times. The cement binder can be used as a neat cement or it can be extended with fillers, such as sand and gravel, to make mortar or concrete, that rapidly gains very high structural strengths.

Abstract: Moderate strength cement plugs and viscous pills may be formed by adding slag cement in both conventional particle size and microfine particle sizes to oil-based drilling fluids which contain water as the internal phase of an oil-water emulsion. The water may be present as a calcium chloride brine. Quantities of cementitious mixtures including slag cement, hydrocarbon oil, setting activators, such as sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate, and nonyl phenol surfactants may be pumped into wellbores using conventional circulation techniques or conventional squeeze cementing techniques to form cement plugs, control lost circulation, or fix certain hydrocarbon oil wastes for disposal in subterranean formations.

Abstract: Cement admixture compositions formed from alkenyl ether/maleic anhydride copolymers having specific molecular structures have been found to impart a high degree of slump loss over a sustained period of time while not causing any significant set retardation of the treated cement based composition.

Abstract: Compositions particularly suitable for use in preparation of concrete and mortar products comprising at least one cement and from about 5% to about 30% by weight of the cement of siliceous ash from crop residue, wherein the ash is from about 60% to about 95% by weight silica, at least about 90% of the silica is amorphous, at least about 75% of ash particles are in a size range of from about 4 to about 75 micrometers, and the ash particles have a mean particle diameter measured by laser-light scattering of at least 6 micrometers and a B.E.T. surface area of at least 20 m.sup.2 /g. The cement employed is a portland cement or a blended portland cement. Concrete and mortar products prepared from these compositions are characterized by exhibiting after 28 days a compressive strength of at least 2500 psi and chloride permeabilities of less than 2000 coulombs when measured in accordance with AASHTO T-277.

Abstract: Set retarded ultra fine cement compositions which remain pumpable for a predictable period of time at temperatures up to about 240.degree. F. are provided. The compositions are basically comprised of an ultra fine hydraulic cement, sufficient water to form a pumpable slurry and a set retarder comprised of a methylenephosphonic acid derivative.

Abstract: Concrete for placement in air featured by the quantity of mixing water of not more than 175 kg/m.sup.3, the content of hydraulic component materials of 400-700 kg/m.sup.3, nonuse of anti-foaming agent, the addition of a water-soluble polymer substance in an amount such as will give a viscosity in a range of 5 to 2,000 centipoises when dissolved in 1,000 g of water of 20.degree. C., and further, the addition of a high-range air-entraining, water-reducing agent in 0.1 to 2% by dry weight of the hydraulic component materials. This method of manufacturing concrete for placement in air has the effects of extremely little segregation, high deformability, and no necessity for consolidation.

Abstract: The present invention is a specific combination of components having unique properties both in composition and benefits. Such a combination of portland cement type 1, fly ash type C in combination with a specific gradation of blast furnace slag and a specific gradation of fine aggregate in combination with a sodium lignosulfonic acid, sodium nitrate, sodium thiocyanate, triethanolamine, neutralized Vinsol resin and a coconut fatty acid diethanolamine.

Abstract: Set retarded ultra fine cement compositions which remain pumpable for a predictable period of time at temperatures up to about 240.degree. F. are provided. The compositions are basically comprised of an ultra fine hydraulic cement, sufficient water to form a pumpable slurry and a set retarder comprised of a methylenephosphonic acid derivative.

Abstract: A low shrinkage cement composition containing at least one compound having the formula:ROHwherein R is an alkyl group having about 4 to 6 carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl group having about 5 to 6 carbon atoms.

Abstract: There is disclosed a softy mud solidifying agent which comprises cement, and at least two members selected from the group consisting of pozzolanic substances, inorganic compounds and organic compounds. The solidifying agent is capable of solidifying dredged earth, sand, softy mud, etc. in such a manner that their mixture can be re-cast into water to form submerged banks, artificial fish-gathering places, etc., without causing water pollution.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of cementing a cylinder in a bore, such as a casing in a wellbore, which method involves the use of a hydraulic cement consisting of discrete particles having a particle size not greater than about 30 microns. The cement which is utilized in a water slurry, has a low density, good thixotropic properties and, in one embodiment, expansive characteristics.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of terminating the undesirable flow of fluid through a gravel pack in a wellbore, or from a highly permeable portion of or fracture in a subterranean formation into a wellbore, which method involves the use of a hydraulic cement consisting of discrete particles having a particle size not greater than about 30 microns. The cement, which is utilized in either a slurry of water or hydrocarbon liquid, has a low density, good thixotropic properties and, in one embodiment, expansive characteristics.

Abstract: Chromite by-products having a composition which includes FeCr.sub.2 O.sub.4 as well as iron, aluminum, magnesium, sodium, calcium and silicon oxides are directly mixed with cement mortar and with the aggregates on use, or added to the water, producing the effect of corrosion inhibition of the steel reinforcements.

Abstract: A method of grouting porous gas--and petroleum--bearing formations with a cementitious material comprising ultrafine ground slag is useful for primary and remedial cementing of a wellbore. A composition is provided which comprises water, a dispersant, slag and an accelerator to activate the slag.

Abstract: Initial granulated blast furnace or phosphatic slag is subjected to heat treatment at a temperature of 1000.degree.-1200.degree. C. in oxidizing gas atmosphere to produce an active mineral additive for binding materials.

Abstract: A cement based on blast-furnace slag and fly ash, characterized in that the cement is a homogeneous dry particulate mixture in ready-to-use form, which comprises blast-furnace slag having a specific surface area of 500-650 m.sup.2 /kg and fly ash in a weight ratio in the range of 20/80-60/40, and further comprises the following components in the amounts indicated, calculated on the total mixture: at least 2% by weight of portland cement clinker and 2-12% by weight of sodium silicate (calculated as Na.sub.2 O+SiO.sub.2).

Abstract: A mixed gypsumless Portland cement of high initial and long-lasting strengths which contains 60-96.7 weight percent gypsumless Portland cement clinker with the specific surface of 350-550 m.sup.2 /kg and 3-40 weight percent of ground latently hydraulic matter, such as granulated blast-furnace slag, light ash, and the like, which two components have been ground in the presence of 0.01-0.1 weight percent of a liquid milling admixture, advantageously with a synthetic surface active matter with wetting properties, and containing 0-20 weight percent of fine amorphous SiO.sub.2 and/or 0.1-3 weight percent sulphonated polyelectrolyte or ligninsulphonate and 0.5-6 weight percent alkaline carbonate, hydrogen carbonate, or alkaline hydroxide.

Abstract: A method of grouting formations with a cementitious material comprising microfine ground slag is useful for stabilizing and strenghtening soil and rock formations as well as underground structures associated with buildings, tunnels and dams. A composition is provided which comprises water, a dispersant, slag and an accelerator to activate the slag. The method and composition are particularly useful for preventing permeation of water such as for grouting dam curtains and containing and stabilizing hazardous wastes including nuclear waste material.

Abstract: Composite materials based on cement or gypsum materials reinforced by mixing with cellulosic fibers grafted with silylating agents. Processes for preparing these reinforced composites are also disclosed.