Abstract: Novel compositions and methods are provided for forming masks used in air brush painting. The masking compositions used in this invention are liquids as applied and are hardenable into a friable paint masking layer. The preferred compositions of this invention are comprised of a hydratable binder, such as plaster of Paris, an inert filler, such as calcium carbonate, and water. The amount of the filler is selected relative to the amount of the binder to substantially weaken and make friable the resulting hardened layer. In the method of this invention the composition is applied to the area of a substrate to be masked. The applied layer if desired is shaped with a tool to provide details in the resulting mask. The layer is then hardened to form a brittle friable masking layer directly adhered to surface of the substrate. The substrate is then airbrush painted. The mask is removed by fracturing the mask and removing the resulting particles.

Abstract: A core for fire doors comprises hydrated gypsum occupying about 40% to 46% of the core volume and bubbles occupying almost all the core volume which is not gypsum. The bubbles preferably comprise about 31% to 38% by volume of larger bubbles of between 1 and 4 mm and about 17% to 25% of smaller bubbles between 0.01 mm and 0.25 mm. The larger bubbles are formed using styrene spheroids.

Abstract: This invention is a polymer modified, high density gypsum composition that is useful as a machinable plaster. For example, the machinable plaster can be used with computer aided carving machines for modeling in the automobile industry. The polymer is a redispersable polymer such as ethylene/vinyl acetate/vinyl chloride polymer.

Abstract: Herein disclosed is a "METHOD FOR FORMING AND MAKING A CARVABLE/MOLDABLE MATERIAL" used for making artistic works of art. The method includes a mixture of pozzolan, plaster of paris, a liquid binder and water which when mixed, then poured into a mold and allowed to cure, forms a workpeice of carvable material. However a most important feature of the present invention is the fact that at any later time if the artist so desires, application of a small amount of water upon the surface of the workpeice will restore the workpeice into a moldable condition so as to allow the artist to recarve, mold, shape and/or restore, unlike any artistic carvable/moldable material heretofore disclosed.

Abstract: A new and original water paint is disclosed, in liquid form, such as a milky emulsion, containing a low amount of water and comprising minerals, acetic acid solution, and other components. The new water paint has bactericidal, fireproof, transpiring, ecological, isolating and desalting properties and is suitable to coat manufactured building articles, wood, metals and plastic.

Abstract: An extrudable composition is provided which is made up primarily of gypsum, a binder/rheology aid and water with a crumbly, semi-dry consistency. The extrudable composition described can be extruded through a die to provide a building product. Density can be minimized and strength optimized by using features of the composition and of the process.

Abstract: A veneer plaster having strengths of substantially greater than 3,000 psi, abrasion resistance of penetrations less than 0.04 inch with 1,000 cycles of a five-pound brush using a 3M Granule Embedding Testing Machine, made from about 1,800 pounds of calcium sulfate beta hemihydrate, 200 pounds of fine silica sand, and about 4 pounds of a fine, white powder dispersant typified by a melamine-formaldehyde-sodium bisulfite polymer.

Abstract: A machinable plaster prepared from a blend of water, plaster of paris and polyvinyl acetate. Making a pattern where the blend is poured into a form, and after solidification is cut to produce the pattern. The machinable plaster does not dust when cut, and can withstand moderate temperatures without softening.

Abstract: Binder compositions are provided which are principally composed of a lime-containing flyash, and optionally hydratable gypsum, with a small amount of a property improving additive. The compositions are capable of setting when mixed with sufficient water to form a hardened material having a high degree of compressive strength after only about 1 hour following set. In selected embodiments, compositions are provided for floor underlayment, road patch and exterior statuary applications. Compressive strengths starting at about 600 psi can be achieved within 1 hour after set with adequate working time for construction applications.

Abstract: The water resistance of gypsum compositions, such as those used in gypsum wallboard, is improved by incorporating in the compositions an aqueous emulsion containing a paraffinic hydrocarbon having a melting point of 40.degree. to 80.degree. C., montan wax and polyvinyl alcohol.

Abstract: Vibration damping thick-film coating composition comprising a coating composition comprising 100 parts by weight of a binder, from 20 to 200 parts by weight of a hydraulic inorganic filler, from 10 to 150 parts by weight of a filler other than the hydraulic inorganic filler, and from 10 to 7 parts by weight of (a) a cored filler or (b) a cored filler and a synthetic resin powder, and a method of forming the same.

Abstract: The invention relates to a gypsum-based cementitious composition capable of upon mixing with fine aggregate in a weight ratio to said gypsum-based cementitious composition of from about 1.25:1 to 2.5:1; and sufficient water to provide a pumpable, self-leveling wet gypsum-based cementitious composition having a flowability such that the wet gypsum-based cementitious composition completely self-levels to produce a topographically smooth surface without floating or finishing, providing, upon hardening, a sub-floor resistant to delamination from its substrate having a dust-free surface and compressive strength in the range of about 2500 to 6000 psi. The invention further relates to methods for making floor underlayments using these compositions, and for making the compositions.

Abstract: Sprayable fireproofing compositions for structural members such as steel columns are provided, as well as a method of applying multiple coatings thereof. The compositions comprise a Portland cement-based material, stucco, a high density aggregate and an accelerator. The compositions eliminate the long setting times typical of Portland cement-based materials, and improve the hangability thereof. The product is produced by dry blending a mixture of Portland cement, a high density aggreagte, stucco (calcium sulfate hemi-hydrate) and optionally, a stucco set retarder and shredded polystyrene aggregate. Upon the addition of water, sprayable slurries are formed which can be pumped to the point of application. An accelerator is added in close proximity to the point of injection. The slurries adhere to the structural member in the slurried state and after setting to provide excellent fire and heat protection.

Abstract: A composition comprising gypsum plasticized by a polymer and containing gypsum in the range of about 40% to about 90% by weight. In a preferred embodiment the polymer is polyurethane. A wide variety of applications of the composition are described.

Abstract: Sprayable fireproofing compositions for structural members such as steel columns are provided, as well as a method of applying multiple coatings thereof. The compositions comprise a Portland cement-based material, stucco, and an accelerator. The compositions eliminate the long setting times typical of Portland cement-based materials, and improve the hangability thereof. The product is produced by dry blending a mixture of Portland cement, stucco (calcium sulfate hemi-hydrate) and optionally, a stucco set retarder and shredded polystyrene aggregate. Upon the addition of water, sprayable slurries are formed which can be pumped to the point of application. An accelerator is added in close proximity to the point of injection. Other additives may also be included, such as starch, adhesives and cement strength enhancers. The slurries adhere to the structural member in the slurried state and after setting to provide excellent fire and heat protection.

Abstract: A clay-free, asbestos-free and glass microbubble-free, drying type Joint compound containing an in-situ or associative thickener as a substitute for asbestos and any clay substitute therefor. In particular, these drying type joint compounds contain no attapulgus clay thereby improving viscosity stability, crack resistance and shrinkage. The lightweight joint compounds contain treated expanded perlite, treated to render it water-insensitive. The preferred in-situ thickeners are acidic acrylate copolymers. It has been found that the in-situ thickeners should be used in combination with the normal cellulosic thickeners used in joint compounds Instead of as replacements therefor. The joint compounds contain the usual fillers and latex emulsion binders, with at least about 50% by weight of the drying type joint compound being a filler selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate dihydrate.

Abstract: A dry mix-type, drywall panel joint compound is produced which comprises (a) a fine plaster which is applied to a joint formed between adjacent drywall panels in the plastic state to form a hardened material, (b) a material which imparts internal strength and workability to the joint compound, (c) a material for retaining water and inhibits shrinkage of the joint compound within the joint formed between adjacent drywall panels, and (d) a set time control agent. The more preferred joint compound formulation of this invention includes (a) stucco, (b) methyl cellulose, and (c) perlite. A longer set time version of the subject dry mix-type, drywall panel joint compound can also be provided which comprises, in addition to (a)-(d), (e) at least one water absorption agent, (f) at least one shrinkage and cracking inhibitor, (g) at least one adhesive strengthening agent, and (h) an alkaline material for raising the pH of material.

Abstract: This invention relates to a fireproofing covering material with cement matrix. Objects of this invention are to provide a fireproofing covering material with largely improved fire resistant performance and to provide a fireproofing covering material with largely improved fire resisting performance and durability.The material of a first embodiment consists of 100 parts by weight of cement, 5 to 35 parts by weight of lime, 5 to 35 parts by weight of gypsum powder and 5 to 35 parts by weight of aluminosilica gel. The material of a second embodiment consists of 100 parts by weight of powder including 100 parts by weight of cement, 5 to 35 parts by weight of lime, 5 to 35 parts by weight of gypsum powder and 5 to 35 parts by weight of aluminosilica gel with addition of 50 to 300 parts by weight of ceramic balloon, 10 to 40 parts by weight of ceramic fiber and 5 to 20 parts by weight (solid content equivalency) of synthetic resin emulsion.

Abstract: A light weight formed body used for building materials, heat-insulating materials, furnitures, backing materials and the like, and a method for producing the same. In the light weight formed body and in the manufacturing method thereof, the principal material is a surface-reformed slag of which the reforming involves reforming through the dissolution reaction and the hydration reaction of glass and the reforming through dehydration of the surface-reformed slag above mentioned under heating, and one or more of a polymer dispersion, a reinforcing fiber, a coagulant, a light weight aggregate, a thickener, a dispersing agent, a pigment, a synthetic pulp, a needle- to fiber-shaped calcium silicate hydrate and a hydraulic gypsum are further used together with the above principal material.

Abstract: A joint compound for use with an apparatus for taping joints between pieces of wallboard comprises 35-60% by weight of a gypsum base plaster; from about 30-70% by weight of an alcohol-water mixture; 10-25% by weight of polyvinyl acetate; and optionally from about 0-5% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol. The alcohol-water mixture comprises from about 0-30% by weight of water.

Abstract: A coloring composition comprising (i) gypsum dihydrate and (ii) at least one coloring agent selected from the group consisting of inorganic pigments, organic pigments, dyestuffs, and natural coloring matters. This coloring composition may be produced by mixing (i) gypsum having, as water of crystallization, 0 to 0.5 mole, based on one mole of the gypsum, of water, (ii) at least one coloring agent selected from the group consisting inorganic pigments, organic pigments, dyestuffs, and natural coloring matters, and (iii) water or an aqueous solvent solution, and after solidification, powdering the resultant solid mixture.The coloring composition can provide a clear color tone when formulated in, for example, cosmetics, and when completely dispersed in, for example, a cosmetic base material.

Abstract: Geopolymer-modified gypsum construction materials. Compositions derived from combining geopolymer adhesives with conventional gypsum wallboard slurry formulations produce an interpenetrating network (IPN) which cures by loss of process water to a refractory solid having improved fire and water resistance. Geopolymer adhesive starting compositions includes soluble and insoluble silicates, buffers and salts, and a chemical setting agent in aqueous suspension.

Abstract: A modified mortar or concrete composition in which a polymeric binding material is combined with sand, cement, and fine fillers. Use of the higher than previously considered functional ratio of latex binding material to cement permits the resulting mortar or concrete composition to increase the percentage of fine fillers, and reduces the amount of voids as a result of less water loss. The latex material partially fills the voids becoming a part of the structure of the system. This leads to a higher degree of flexibility and coherence of the system.

Abstract: A conjugated diene sulfonation product represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.6, which may be the same or different, represent hydrogen atoms, alkyl groups having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, aryl groups having 6 to 20 carbon atoms or --SO.sub.3 X groups (X represents a hydrogen atom, a metal atom, an ammonium group or a quaternary ammonium group), at least one of said R.sup.1 to R.sup.6 being the --SO.sub.3 X group, a polymer of the conjugated diene sulfonation product or a copolymer of the conjugated diene sulfonation product with a monomer copolymerizable therewith. The sulfonation product, the polymer and the copolymer are useful as a dispersing agent for preparing a solid fuel dispersion, a cement dispersion, a dye and/or pigment dispersion or a metal oxide dispersion or as a water-treating agent, a fiber-treating agent, a plating bath additive and an excavation-muddy water-viscosity-adjusting agent.

Abstract: A composition for forming a tile body consists of a major amount by weight of calcium sulphate hemi-hydrate, 11 to 13% by weight of the calcium sulphate hemi-hydrate of a phenolic resin, a suitable amount of a catalyst for the phenolic resin, water in an amount sufficient to provide with the water present in the other components of the composition approximately the amount of water theoretically required for complete rehydration of the calcium sulphate hemi-hydrate, about 1% by weight of the calcium sulphate hemi-hydrate of a melamine formaldehyde concentrate and about 1% by weight of the calcium sulphate hemi-hydrate of a polyvinyl alcohol. The composition may be used to form tile bodies which may take the place of conventional ceramic tiles utilized in bathrooms, kitchens and the like.

Abstract: A method for reducing the consistency of a water and gypsum stucco slurry comprising admixing water, stucco, and an additive, the additive in an amount effective to reduce the consistency of the admixed slurry as compared to a slurry containing only water and stucco, and the additive selected from the group consisting of one or more polyalkylene polyamines having a molecular weight below 1,000.

Abstract: A method for incorporating siloxane into a water-resistant, gypsum-based article is disclosed, comprising, (A) adding said siloxane to water; (B) mixing said siloxane/water mixture with calcined gypsum to form an aqueous slurry; and (C) allowing said slurry to set to form a set gypsum-based, water-resistant article.

Abstract: In a process for preparing calcium sulphate alpha hemihydrate essentially the form of primary crystals, the hemihydrate is milled to specific surface area of 1200 to 4000 cm.sup.2 /g, the fines are removed by screening, and a retarder and liquefier in the form of at least one fruit acid and/or its or their salt(s) are admixed. The product obtained is characterized by delayed onset of rigidity, rapid development of resistance and high resistance, and is used in particular as an injection mortar.

Abstract: A system for finishing the joint between abutting panels of drywall by applying one or two of a joint compound comprising mostly gypsum plaster together with a small amount of monofilament fibers about 4 mm to 10 mm long.

Abstract: A latex modified mortar or concrete material in which a polymeric or latex binding material is combined with a low shrinkage (gypsum) cement and fine fillers. Use of the low shrinkage cement and a higher than previously considered functional ratio of latex binding material to low shrinkage cement permits the resulting patching composition to obtain unexpectedly good adhesion, reduced cracking tendencies, dimensional stability, and flexibility required while maintaining enhanced strength properties. The polymeric binding material may be either an elastomeric or a thermoplastic latex.

Abstract: A method and composition are provided for creating smooth surfaces on building structures, particularly concrete structures. A first constituent is prepared by mixing together quantities of acrylic mortar admix, concrete plaster adhesive, joint compound, hydrated lime and water. The first constituent is mixed with Portland cement at the construction site. The resultant mixture is smoothed onto concrete or wooden surfaces of a building structure, and dries in about an hour to produce a smooth, hard surface.

Abstract: A fluid loss additive for addition to a cement slurry used in cementing a casing string in a wellbore. The additive reduces loss of water from the slurry into the formation, resulting in a better cement job. The additive is comprised of partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetate polymer, calcium sulfate, a crosslinker for the polymer, and optionally a defoamer.

Abstract: A building element based on plaster which is manufactured by dry mixing sand and plaster, by dampening the mixture, by placing the damp mixture in a mold, and by compressing the mixture in the mold while the plaster hydrates in order to densify the crystal lattice of the plaster. The building element (10) includes self-alignment projections (14) on its top face (12) and a vertical groove (22) at one of its ends for the purpose of casting a liquid sealant, such as plaster.

Abstract: A method of producing a solid secondary raw material that contains calcium sulfate, comprising mixing a waste hydrocarbon with at least one of a waste sulfuric acid and acid waste sulfuric-acid derivative, and combining the mixture with enough powered limestone or fly ash containing calcium carbonate to ensure that the reaction product will solidify by itself, and with at least enough water to ensure the hydration of the formed calcium sulfate. The product is useful in making Portland cement clinker, or in furnace as a fuel and/or a desulfurization additive.

Abstract: Compositions containing crystalline, straight chain, alkyl hydrocarbons as phase change materials including cementitious compositions containing the alkyl hydrocarbons neat or in pellets or granules formed by incorporating the alkyl hydrocarbons in polymers or rubbers; and polymeric or elastomeric compositions containing alkyl hydrocarbons.