Abstract: This invention relates generally to the field of cement, especially cement for underwater application. The invention provides a composition for preparing cement that solidifies underwater comprising exothermic micro particles and base cement. Exothermic micro particles are less than about two thousand two hundred and fifty micrometers in diameter and can be, for example, calcium chloride. The invention further provides a kit for preparing cement that solidifies underwater comprising exothermic micro particles in a container and base cement. The invention provides a method of underwater construction or repair comprising mixing a composition comprising exothermic micro particles and base cement with water and applying the composition to an underwater structure where the composition solidifies. The composition, kit and method are particularly well suited for swimming pool repair.

Abstract: A solidified waste is formed from a difficult-to-compact hydraulic cement slurry for use in the disposal of hazardous waste. The slurry contains inorganic non-compactible hydraulic cement particles, a concrete superplasticizer compound, water, and filler particles containing radionuclide and/or toxic contaminants. The slurry is then transferred to a storage vessel, such as a subterranean formation, to cast a stronger, denser solidified waste than a comparable solidified waste containing no superplasticizer.

Abstract: A concrete pipe liner is formed from a difficult-to-compact hydraulic cement slurry applied to a pipe interior. The slurry contains inorganic non-compactible hydraulic cement particles, a concrete superplasticizer component, water, and optionally and preferably filler particles. The pipe is then spun to centrifugally cast a stronger, denser pipe liner than a comparable liner containing no superplasticizer.

Abstract: A method and composition for preparing concrete elements comprising the steps of mixing a composition comprising the following components expressed in parts by weight (p):a) 100 p of Portland cement;b) 30 p to 100 p or better 40 p to 70 p of fine sand having a grain size of at least 150 micrometers;c) 10 p to 40 p or better 20 p to 30 p of amorphous silicon having a grain size of less than 0.5 micrometers;d) 20 p to 60 p or better 30 p to 50 p of ground quartz having a grain size of less than 10 micrometers;e) 25 p to 100 p, or better 45 p to 80 p of steel wool;f) a dispersing agent;g) 13 p to 26 p or better 15 p to 22 p of water; and after setting, curing the concrete at a temperature of 250.degree. C. or higher, for a length of time sufficient to transform cement hydration products into crystalline hydrates of the xonotlite type; thus eliminating substantially all of the free water and at least the main part of the adsorbed and chemically bonded water.

Abstract: A weather resistant soil cement with an open pore structure for resisting freeze-thaw damage is formed of cement, fly ash, Free aggregates, water, and an aqueous foamed surfactant, and other application specific additives. The material is uniquely suited for using indigenous soils, mill tailings, or granular waste products as the aggregate component of the mixture, although commercially produced aggregates may be used depending on economics and availability. Due to its low density and flowable nature, it can be pumped or placed by gravity and without compaction. The resulting product is a low density material with construction and mining applications, that is suited for use as a fill or mad base. Specific product formulations are easily designed to permit removal at local sites with conventional excavating equipment.

Abstract: An expansive Portland cement incorporating an expansive additive which is a polymer incorporating a calcium compound reactive with the cement is described. The shrinkage compensating concrete produced is much less likely to crack and is used in slabs and other structural systems where cracking of the concrete is a problem.

Abstract: The cementitious material comprises an initial mixture of portland cement clinker and a modifier ranging in weight from approximately 0.5% to 5%, preferably 1%, of the weight of the clinker. The modifier is selected from a group comprising (a) a melamine formaldehyde-sodium bisulfite copolymer, and (b) sodium naphthalene sulfonate. The portland cement clinker and the modifier are intimately mixed and caused to react together in a solid state reaction by energetically grinding them together in a highly energetic ball-and-tube grinding mill to a high degree of fineness of at least approximately 5000 Blaine. Modified cementitious materials are produced by providing an additional constituent in the initial mixture comprising a hard, dense, substantially inert mineral material ranging up to 70% of the mixture by weight. The percentages of the portland cement clinker and the modifier are correspondingly reduced. The modified initial mixture is ground as before.

Abstract: A suspension-type grouting liquid for injection into a ground having excellent penetration properties, e.g. low viscosity and long gelation time, and having comparatively high strength after consolidation. The suspension-type grouting liquid for injection into a ground consists essentially of slag, or a combination of slag and cement, alkali metal aluminates, and water. The slag is a fine grain having specific surface area of 5000 cm.sup.2 /g or more, and the alkali metal aluminates have a mole ratio of ({Me.sub.2 O}/{Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 }) of 2.8 or more, in which Me means alkali metal, {Me.sub.2 } and {Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 } represent, respectively, molar concentration of Me.sub.2, and Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.

Abstract: A metal shredder residue-based landfill cover material composed of a mixture of moist substantially non-metallic residue of select maximum size and cementitious particles. The material can be formed by processes that efficiently remove large amounts of metal from metal waste items.

Abstract: Conductive cement-based compositions exhibiting both good electrical conductivity and mechanical strength have been obtained by ensuring proper dispersion of conductive phase within the composition. The content of the ingredients depends on the preparation method, for instance conventional mixing or slurry infiltration, and on the type of the composition, i.e. conductive paste, mortar or concrete. The broad content ranges of the conductive composition are:a cement binder,a conductive phase consisting of one or more of the following:conductive fibers in the amount from 0 to 15% by volume of the composition;conductive particles in the amount from 0 to 80% by volume of the composition;water, at the weight ratio relative to cement binder from 0.2 to 0.75,fine agregates at the weight ratio relative to cement binder from 0.0 to 2.0, andcoarse aggregates at the weight ratio relative to cement binder from 0.0 to 2.0,conventional additives or admixtures, and optionally a dispersant.

Abstract: A grinding aid composition suitable for grinding clinker into hydraulic cement powder, an improved grinding process and an improved cement product are disclosed. The grinding aid composition is composed of a mixture of at least one alkylene ether glycol and particulate carbon.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition of matter and methods of using such composition which will substantially minimize the detrimental adherence to and buildup of living marine organisms on exposed surface areas of underwater structures. Such composition of matter includes a mixture of cement, sand and an anti-fouling agent. According to the methods disclosed the composition of matter can be used to line or coat surface areas of existing underwater structures or to manufacture an underwater structure totally with such composition of matter.

Abstract: This invention relates to a dry, fine particle size hydraulic cement composition, which is directly dispersable in both water and a hydrocarbon liquid and to the use of said composition in oil well cementing operations and methods of terminating water flow in subterranean hydrocarbon producing formations.

Abstract: A process for producing a hard material from a cementitious mixture, the process including the steps of blending together a cement constituent and a filler constituent whilst in a dry condition to provide a compactable homogeneous mixture containing a predetermined volume of voids defined between filler particles up to a predetermined size, laying the dry mixture onto a substrate, sparingly applying water to the surface of the mixture to dampen the surface layer of the mixture for causing setting of the cement in said surface layer and subsequently applying more water for causing setting and hardening of the remainder of the cement.

Abstract: The present invention provides a and methods of using such composition which will substantially minimize the detrimental adherence to and buildup of living marine organisms on exposed surface areas of underwater structures. Such composition of matter includes a mixture of cement, sand and an anti-fouling agent. According to the methods disclosed the composition of matter can be used to line or coat surface areas of existing underwater structures or to manufacture an underwater structure totally with such composition of matter.

Abstract: Shaped articles with a coherent matrix which comprises homogeneously arranged inorganic solid particles (A) of a size of from about 50 .ANG. to about 0.5 micron, such as silica dust particles, and densely packed solid particles (B) having a size of the order of 0.5-100 micron and being at least one order of magnitude larger than the respective particles A, such as Portland cement particles, the particles A being homogeneously distributed, especially densely packed, in the void volume between the particles B, are made from an easily flowable composite material containing a very low amount of liquid and an extremely high amount of a dispersing agent, such as a concrete superplasticiser.

Abstract: Process for making a cement mixture containing fibers wherein a paste is formed by mixing cement and, per 100 parts by weight of cement, approximately 5 to 20 parts by weight of a first pulverized material of which the grains have an average diameter of between 1/5 and 1/10 of the average diameter of the grains of the cement and approximately 20 to 35 parts by weight of water. The paste is then mixed with reinforcing fibers. The paste may also include a second pulverized material the average grain diameter of which is between 1/5 and 1/10 of the average diameter of the first pulverized material. The invention further includes products made from a cement mixture manufactured according to one of the foregoing processes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cement-based injection grout for filling-in and consolidating fine cracks.According to the invention, the injection grout is produced from a finely ground Portland cement with removal of all the particles of sizes greater than 30 microns, the said cement having added to it a water-reducing plasticizer or thinner in a proportion not exceeding 2% and being mixed with water, the weight ratio of the quantity of water to the quantity of cement not exceeding 0.6.

Abstract: A low cement castable refractory comprising 85 to 96% by weight of a calcined ultrafine bauxite aggregate characterized by a particle size of less than 10 um, 2 to 10% by weight of a suitable cement material, 0 to 8% of weight of a thixotropic agent and 0 to 2% by weight of suitable deflocculants and plasticizers, the cement material comprising calcium aluminate cement having an alumina content of 40 to 85% and the thixotropic agents being selected from those containing microfine silica, and/or reactive alumina, the inorganic deflocculants and plasticizers being selected from alkali phosphates, lignosulphonates or naphthalene sulphonates. A method of making a low cement castable refractory and installing a low cement castable refractory are also described.

Abstract: A liquid aqueous sludge is transferred into a cylindrical-conical tank and gitated by blowing in air through a downwardly extending tube. A closed circulation of sludge is established between this main tank and a reagent tank by means of a recycling pump. The reagent tank overflows into the main tank. Chalk is added to the reagent tank and a pozzolanic material is added to the main tank. When the mixture of dilute sludge, chalk and possolanic material is homogeneous, it is transferred to a filter press by means of a further pump. The filter cake is collected for final storage or discharged to set slowly.

Abstract: A base and subbase composition of quicklime and waste aggregate is disclosed, the composition having high strength and a high resilient modulus.

Abstract: A ceramic fiber containing refractory moldable composition suitable for use with molten aluminum alloys, the composition comprised of 10-18 wt. % ceramic fiber, 33-45 wt. % colloidal silica, 30-42 wt. % total content of liquid carrier, 0.2-2.5 wt. % organic polymer and 1-15 wt. % barium sulfate. The composition has a high level of resistance to attack or penetration by molten aluminum.

Abstract: Parts subject to wear, which come into contact with metal melts, are formed with a hydraulically setting high-alumina refractory concrete having a compression strength when cold, measured on dried crude product, of at least 400 kp/cm.sup.2. The compression strength is at least 700 kp/cm.sup.2 after firing at 1400.degree. C. The refractory concrete has a dimensional stability at 1400.degree. C. of at least plus or minus 0.2%. The refractory concrete contains corundum and active alumina as aggregates, an alumina .[.concrete.]. .Iadd.cement .Iaddend.containing less than 22% lime and, as required, a thinning agent. Up to 5% of the aggregates can be replaced by a spinel-forming substance preferably MgO or MgO-yielding compounds; or up to 5% of the aggregates can be replaced by carbon black, pitch or graphite; or up to 7% of the aggregates can be replaced by chromium oxide. Aggregates under 0.5 mm can be present in the refractory concrete as round grains.