Abstract: An apparatus for blowing synthetic resin into a furnace including a first processing line for processing film-shaped synthetic resins into a granular synthetic resin material; a second processing line for processing non-film-shaped synthetic resins into a granular synthetic resin material; a primary storage silo; and a blowing station for supplying the granular synthetic resin material into a furnace.

Abstract: A combustion chamber is provided that has a vertically oriented body with an inner surface defining an inner combustion area. A burner is disposed adjacent one end of the body so that the flame of the burner when lit will extend into the combustion area. A first annular insert is disposed in the combustion area and generally surrounds the flame of the burner. The annular insert defines a first secondary gas introduction zone for introducing secondary gases into the combustion area so that the secondary gases can be oxidized by the burner flame. The insert has an inner surface presenting at least one opening for allowing fluid communication between the introduction zone and the combustion area. A second annular insert is disposed in the combustion area below the first insert. The second insert defines a secondary gas extraction zone and a second secondary gas introduction zone located below the extraction zone. The gas extraction zone and second secondary gas introduction zone are separated by a divider plate.

Abstract: In a coal-fired power plant having an exhauster fan for delivering coal/air flow through a discharge chute to a combustion chamber and further having a riffle box in the discharge chute, a mixing device located in the discharge chute between the exhauster fan and the riffle box for causing heavy and light distribution regions of the coal/air flow from the fan to converge upstream of the riffle box, thereby mixing them into a more homogeneous flow. In a preferred form, the device comprises a plurality of concentric, inwardly-angled rings located in the discharge chute to cause the heavy and light distribution regions of coal/air flow to converge after passing through the rings.

Abstract: A waste incinerator including separate burning-, blower-, chimney- and ash-receiving chambers. A suction-discharge port is provided in a wall between the burning chamber and the chimney chamber for discharging gases from the burning chamber through a chimney to the atmosphere. The chimney extends from the chimney chamber for discharging gases to the atmosphere. The chimney receives an air feed pipe from the blower and an ignition sleeve extends into the chimney for burning unconsumed waste gas. A vibrator vibrates an ash receiver in the ash receiving chamber, and a drying chamber may be provided for drying high moisture garbage by combustion gases from the burning chamber.

Abstract: A furnace having a continuous ash discharge stoker which includes a fuel distributor apparatus for delivering associated particulate fuel to an associated continuous ash discharge furnace which includes a housing having an inlet for a particulate fuel and an inlet for pressurized air. The housing includes a surface for directing the flow of the associated particulate fuel and an outlet cooperating with the surface through which the associated particulate fuel and air exit the housing. The apparatus includes a nozzle dimensioned and configured to direct pressurized air along a face of the surface to establish a boundary layer between the surface and the associated particulate fuel flowing over the surface. In some forms of the invention the nozzle comprises first and second flat plates disposed in mutually parallel spaced relationship. The first and second flat plates may each be disposed in generally aligned relationship to at least a portion of the surface.

Abstract: A flow control apparatus for a coal pipe containing a stream of primary combustion air carrying pulverized solid fuel particles, includes a frame sealingly secured to an outside surface of the coal pipe around a window opening formed on one side of the pipe. An orifice plate having an orifice opening at the center is supported for pivotal movement in the coal pipe on a spindle extending radially outwardly from an edge portion on one side of the orifice plate and out through the window opening in the pipe. A bearing sleeve is provided for supporting the spindle for rotating movement about a spindle axis extending transversely of the coal pipe across the center thereof. A mounting plate structure for the sleeve is provided and is attached to the frame. A removable handle is attached on an outer end of the spindle for rotating the orifice plate in the coal pipe to vary the effective flow cross-section of the orifice opening for controlling the flow of coal and primary air to a burner.

Abstract: A variable-split blowdown coal feed system supplies two streams of air entrained pulverized coal in a uniform, well-metered steady state manner. Splitter dampers control a split of a coal and air mixture into two streams which are fed to respective cyclones operated in the blowdown mode. The cyclone's exhausts are connected in common to a manifold through which a blowdown damper controls the air-to-coal ratio in the air entrained pulverized coal streams that are expressed from each cyclone's discharge.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for receiving, processing, and delivering waste materials to the interior of a rotary cement kiln to be burned therein. Apparatus includes a feeding mechanism which provides continuous in-feed of entrained solids or solid waste, materials including hazardous waste material having low fuel value, directly into the calcining zone of the kiln. A bulk receiving system is provided for receiving, processing and transferring materials from one or more collection stations. The system further includes processing for sizing and segregating metal extracted from a contaminated hazardous waste stream. Methods are provided for providing induction of forced, combustion air directly into the calcining zone of a rotating cement kiln.

Abstract: A static mixer device for mixing separate fluid streams entering the device in order to achieve a more uniform, or homogeneous, characteristic, such as temperature for example, in the resulting fluid mixture stream exiting the device. An exemplary embodiment of device comprises a series of parallel rectangular walls arranged in side-by-side, spaced apart relationship to form a series of rectangular spaces. The perimeters of these spaces are selectively closed to define respective first and second inlets and an outlet. The inlets sub-divide the respective entering fluid streams into sheet-like streams that are interleaved as they exit the device at the outlet. This interleaving of one stream with the other promotes increased homogeneity of the mixture stream in a shorter distance downstream of the confluence of the entrance streams.

Abstract: An oscillating damper and air-swept distributor is disclosed for controllably introducing solid fuel into a furnace. The oscillating damper having an oscillating valve member, which oscillates between a first adjustable position and second adjustable position. The air-swept distributor preferably has a pivotably adjustable trajectory plate.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for feeding solid material into a pressurized combustion or gasification plant in stages. The feed apparatus (10) is provided with an inlet (18), sluice chamber (30), and outlet (20). In a loading stage, solid material is conveyed through the inlet into the sluice chamber. The loaded sluice chamber is transferred to an unloading stage. During the transfer stage, the inlet (18) is closed. During the unloading stage, solid material is conveyed through the outlet (20) into a pressurized space (26). The volume of the sluice chamber (30) is adjustable so that the volume is enlarged during the loading stage and reduced during the unloading stage. The volume is adjusted e.g. by a piston (38).

Abstract: An apparatus and method for supplying a controlled flow of fluid transported solid particles, in particular, pulverized coal by the controlled injection of a fluid, such as a gas like compressed air, into at least one feed pipe. The flow of coal in feed pipes is controlled by selectively reducing or increasing the flow of primary air to achieve a balanced burner operation.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement for transporting disintegrated solid particles, in which the particles are transported by a quantity of air placed under an over pressure. The weight ratio of the particle/aix mixture lies within a range at which particle transportation gives rise to migrating particle agglomerations. Transportation of the particles is terminated in a particle agglomeration equalizing arrangement, from where the particles are transported further in the form of a particle/air mixture which has been equalized in time. Particle transportation is effected by at least two stages. A first stage in which the weight ratio of the particle/air mixture is greater than 15, and a second stage in which the weight ratio of the particle/air concentration is greater than 5 and lower than the weight ratio of the particle/air mixture in the first stage. The arrangement is used for transporting powdered coal to a powdered-coal burner connected to a combustion furnace.

Abstract: A method for disposing of waste materials including wastes generated by residential neighborhoods and business districts of a municipal area, by collecting waste materials centrally, sorting out and removing non-combustible materials from the collected wastes, and shredding the combustible materials coarsely. The coarsely shredded materials are then transported, if necessary, to the location of an incinerator or other furnace into which the materials are fed as fuel at a rate controlled in accordance with the requirements of the burner for complete and clean combustion, by feeding the coarsely shredded materials into a further shredder, shredding the materials to a final size, and immediately conveying the reshredded materials into the burner. Transportation and measurement of the coarsely shredded materials is thus accomplished with the waste materials at an optimum density for convenient handling and transportation at an economical cost.

Abstract: A pneumatic mixture which has a relatively high content of pulverulent materials in the propulsion air is formed in a single metering means. This mixture is propelled through a common primary pipe to a distribution head in which the mixture is divided into secondary currents which are delivered respectively to each of the injection points. A supercritical speed is imparted to the mixture in the distribution head.

Abstract: A plant for combustion of a particulate fuel in a fluidized bed in a combustion chamber has the fuel supplied into the bottom of the combustion chamber by means of a pneumatic transportation system via nozzles. Fuel for the plurality of nozzles is transported through a duct to a distributor and from there via individual conduits to the nozzles of the combustion chamber. These conduits include flow-inhibiting, pressure-drop generating means, by means of which a pressure drop is generated between the distributor and the combustion chamber. These pressure-drop inducing means influence the velocity of flow and hence the transport capacity of the transport gas so that a desired, normally uniform, distribution of fuel to the bed is secured.

Abstract: A furnace which includes a furnace chamber and a fire pot within the chamber for burning solid fuel fed into the fire pot. The fuel is introduced to the fire pot by traveling through a feed tube which extends into the furnace chamber. An air flow is produced for supporting combustion which flows from a chamber defined about the fire pot into the fire pot and also flows through the feed tube effectively to prevent smoke back flow. A metering wheel supplies the solid fuel which is burned from a hopper and this metering wheel, together with an auger which moves fuel through the feed tube, are organized and arranged in such a manner as to eliminate hazardous back burning of fuel.

Abstract: Pulverized coal feed tanks are emptied in sequence via a transport line into the hot blast of a blast furnace. Each tank is carried by three load cells whose outputs are summed and differentiated to obtain the actual feed rate. Gas pressure in the tank is controlled in dependence on the actual feed rate so as to achieve a desired feed rate. To reduce the possibility of inaccurate feeding of coal, the outputs of the respective load cells are compared, and if deviation from a predetermined weight distribution over the load cells is detected, feed from the tank is stopped. The load cells may be duplicated in series, and the summed outputs of the two sets of load cells compared to detect malfunctioning of a load cell, again resulting in cessation of feeding from that tank.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for delivering carbon i.e., coal dust, to be combusted in a furnace is presented. The furnace is of the type having plural combustion points and may include a shaft furnace such as, for example, a blast or cupola furnace. The carbon dust is delivered in dosed quantities to each of the individual combustion points in a separate air stream which is under a predetermined pressure. The carbon (coal dust)/carrier gas (air) is delivered to each combustion point in the furnace at super critical speed, i.e., the speed of sound, the carrier gas having a relatively high proportion of solid material therein. The actual quantity of carbon material delivered to each combustion point is directly detected and monitored as a consequence of volumetric measurement and is appropriately corrected by means of a secondary air supply when the carbon quantity either exceeds or falls below a predetermined nominal value.

Abstract: A solid fuel burner comprises a system which permits solid fuel to be injected into a burner chamber and intermixed in an air suspension. The burner includes a cast iron, stepped grate that is self-cleaning, and comprises a series of plates that are substantially horizontal and are vertically spaced apart to form steps. Air is introduced under the stepped plates and the air blows out into the combustion chamber through the spaces between the plates to aid in combustion and cause turbulence in the fuel introduced. The burner further includes a "pin hole" grate adjacent the stepped grate on which lighter materials will fall and will be also subject to an air stream for complete combustion, and efficient burning.

Abstract: A hydro-pressurized fluidized bed combustor having an uptanding shell and an entry at its bottom for admission of feedstock. The feedstock passes through a conduit surrounded by a heat exchanger. Inside the shell an entry conduit is outwardly flared in the upward direction to furnish a controlled expansion entry feeding into the fluidized bed. The entry conduit has a plurality of tuyeres in its peripheral wall. An injector pump feeds the feedstock into the entry. A weir above the entry conduit keeps the height of the bed constant within the combustion during operation.

Abstract: An apparatus for dispensing and injecting solid fuel in particulate form into a combustion chamber (10) in measured quantities and at variable rates and intermittencies is described. The apparatus (30) is comprised of a fuel hopper (31), at least one circular disk (50) rotatably mounted with at least a portion of its circumference in communication with the fuel hopper (31). A plurality of pockets (51) are spaced apart around the circumferential periphery of disk (50) for receiving and dispensing fuel from fuel hopper (31) at rates and intermittencies corresponding to the speed of rotation of circular disk (50) and the volumetric capacity and spacing of pockets (51). Circular disks (50) are mounted on a common drive shaft (52) which is driven by a variable speed motor (54). A venturi (80) is provided for dispersing fuel into combustion chamber (10).

Abstract: Coal energy is delivered from the mine to a distant point of use by a system involving the pulverization of the coal at the mine, and carrying it as a nonexplosive suspension in a pipeline or conduit, with high pressure coal gas which is made at the mine being employed as the transport medium. At the delivery point, the gas, as well as the coal dust can be fired directly into the furnace, or the coal can be separated from the coal gas and stored. Arrangements are provided for insuring that the finely pulverized coal may be maintained in suspension within the transport pipe, and such arrangements may include spiraling vanes to insure that settling particles are reintroduced into the main gas stream, and separate sections within the pipe, or a supplemental pipe for the high pressured gas to permit restarting of the flow in the event of a power failure and the settling out of the particles.

Abstract: A solid fuel particle and air control device for use with combustion systems for a gas turbine engine and the like is disclosed. The device has a first housing with an inlet passage for receiving solid fuel particles. The first housing is mounted on a second housing with a blind cavity. A first passage extends through the second housing so as to intersect the blind cavity to permit flow communication therebetween. Solid fuel particles from the inlet passage of the first housing are metered and transfered to the blind cavity. A fluid pressure source is injected into the first passage in the secondary housing so as to entrain the solid fuel particles in the air as to form a uniform air entrained mixture. The air entrained mixture is then ejected out of the first passage in the second housing to a duct which communicates with the combustion system of the gas turbine engine where the air entrained solid fuel particle mixture is burned.

Abstract: A system for the comminution of coal, slurry formation and feed of the coal slurry to a fluidized bed reactor.

Abstract: A multi-fuel feeder distributor for a stoker capable of feeding into a furnace and distributing over a grate or hearth, coal and a second fuel, such as wood or a waste fuel, either in combination or separately, comprising a coal feed and a second fuel feed having outlet spouts discharging into a single feed throat into the furnace. Coal is fed from a coal hopper at a continuous controlled rate to a distributor portion of the coal feeder which mechanically throws the coal into the furnace and distributes it evenly over the entire grate surface. The second feeder, an air swept waste fuel feeder, may be used at the same time to feed waste fuel in combination with the coal without interfering with the operation of the coal feed. Water-cooling is used at the feed throat along the furnace wall.

Abstract: A heater for burning particulate fuels in which a stream of air carrying combustible particles is injected upward into a combustion chamber (22) between two spaced perforated tubular members (33, 34), the outer member being taller. A deflector (55) located within the outer member and above the inner member causes the stream to flow outward and then upwardly, and helical vanes (139) may be provided between the members. A gun-type oil burner (61) is located below the members for initially heating them and igniting the particles. Particulate fuel is supplied through an auger 70 from a bin 71 which contains springs 77 rotated to prevent bridging or caking of the material. Rotation of the springs and drive of the auger are powered by a common motor 80.

Abstract: Fine particulate solid fuel particles are delivered from a venturi ejector to a rotating double-armed distributor which distributes fuel and air sequentially to conduits leading to the burner ejector of a kiln. The distributor is sealed and pressurized with air so as to provide the conduits with additional pulses of air following the times at which they receive fuel and air from the distributing operation.

Abstract: An improved burning system for automatically controllably charging a wood-waste burning steam boiler utilizes a fuel bin unloader having a gravity fed screw metering device for feeding fuel into the system in response to steam demand and pollution output feedback signals. The metering device deposits fuel through a rotary air lock into an air stream of a fuel injection fan having a vortex controller on the inlet side to modulate and maintain a proper fuel-air ratio for wood firing. The fan injects the fuel and air into the boiler through a controlled proportioning valve. All controls and recording devices are contained in one control unit for operating each component of the system to achieve and maintain a proper fuel-air ratio according to received steam demand and pollution output feedback signals.

Abstract: PCT No. PCT/DE78/00042 Sec. 371 Date Sept. 10, 1979 Sec. 102(e) Date Sept. 10, 1979 PCT Filed Dec. 22, 1978 PCT Pub. No. WO79/00492 PCT Pub. Date July 26, 1979To fire a tunnel kiln with coal, the coal is stored in a preferably airtight bunker, and transported, by means of airtightly enclosed conveyor belts or chains connected to the bunker, to coal injectors operating as burners, which are provided in and distributed over the width of the firing zone of the kiln and connected to an air supply line, wherefrom compressed air is fed intermittently into the injectors, to blow in the coal which is there placed in a metered amount.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for the independently regulated distribution of granulate to a plurality of points of consumption. A container (1), at least partially filled with granulate (10) to be distributed, includes a plurality of container apertures (4) each covered by a slide (5). A rotatable shaft (2) longitudinally disposed in front of apertures (4) is driven by a drive (3) at controllable rates. Granulate (10) adheres by friction to the surface of shaft (2) when rotated and is conveyed via the shaft to a plurality of troughs (6) where the granulate is collected. The granulate then flows through feed tubes (7) to air injectors (8) where it is entrained into an airstream and propelled to a plurality of points of consumption.

Abstract: An air-fuel mixing device for mixing solid pulverized fuel with air in preselected ratios prior to combustion including an upstanding hollow tube forming an air-fuel mixing chamber, with a table disposed in the tube intermediate the top and bottom ends thereof whereby the table edges are spaced from the walls of the tube to provide an air passageway therebetween. A fuel feeder feeds pulverized fuel into the top of the tube thence onto the table and off the edges thereof in preselected amounts. A blower feeds pressurized air into the lower end of the tube and then upwardly past the table edges whereby such upwardly flowing air catches the pulverized fuel overflow from the table and mixes therewith to form an air-fuel mixture which is channeled from the tube to associated fuel burners.

Abstract: The method of burning different sorts of solid fuel in a tunnel-like burner furnace comprises the steps of pulverizing the solid fuel particles to a size corresponding to optimum burning performance of the employed burners, supplying the pulverized particles in an air stream to the burners of the furnace and adjusting the supplied amount of pulverized particle-air mixture, and the amount of air in the mixture in accordance with the optimum burning performance of the burner. The burner furnace system for performing the method of this invention comprises a tunnel burner furnace having a plurality of ceiling burners and of side wall burners, a fuel distributor having a rotatable distributing channel communicating successively with respective burners and a dosing device connected to the input of the fuel distributor and adapted for adjusting the stream of the mixture of air with pulverized fuel particles.

Abstract: The application discloses a particulate solid fuel combustion system for kilns and the like. A particulate solid fuel such as powdered coal, is supplied to a fluidized bed conveyor. Selected quantities of coal are withdrawn to air entrainment devices where the coal is entrained in a jet of a gas and delivered to a burner. The firing rate is controlled responsive to requirements of the kiln.

Abstract: A combustion system for particulate wood waste, coal, peat and other combustible materials is disclosed. The system comprises means for feeding combustion material into the combustion chamber of a furnace and means for recirculating a portion of the exhaust gases from the furnace back into the combustion chamber for increasing the temperature of the combustion chamber and so improve the thermal efficiency of the furnace.

Abstract: An individual cell of a fluidized bed includes a static bed disposed immediately below the fluidization region with a coal feed system, which incorporates means for igniting the coal, embedded within the static bed. Coal is fed to the static bed through a coal pipe which extends vertically upward through the bed support plate into said bed and which terminates therein in a coal distributor having a series of openings around its circumference. The coal is swirled as it flows upward through the coal pipe with resultant centrifugal force imparted to the coal ensuring that the coal will be propelled out of the openings in the distributor head and evenly distributed over the cell area.

Abstract: A centrifugal pump for feeding pulverized coal into a reactor of a high pressure coal gasification system is disclosed. The coal is pulverized and fed by conventional means into a hopper wherein that coal is mechanically pumped, by a modified screw which compacts the coal and releases entrained air and gases from that coal, to an impeller which serves to centrifugally sling the coal at high velocity into the reactor. Gases of the required type, pressure and quantity are combined with the coal at the point at which the coal is slung from the impeller in such a manner that the coal sufficiently dispersed and mixed with those gases and in proper form for gasification.

Abstract: A method for the combustion of crushed solid fuel comprising crushing the fuel into a powder form, placing the crushed fuel into a storage bin and fluidizing the fuel within the bin, passing the fluid fuel through a de-airing pipe to partially compact the fuel, advancing the partially compacted fuel into a mixing chamber, passing regular pulses of compressed air through the mixing chamber so as to form a vena contracta in the mixing chamber thereby inducing the flow of partially compacted fuel into the compressed air and causing the mixture of fuel and compressed air to flow into a kiln or furnace.

Abstract: Coal particles are discharged from a hopper into a common, vibrating feed pan which, in turn, distributes the particles evenly across the surface thereof and delivers the particles along the length thereof to a metering trough positioned below and along a longitudinal axis which extends across the discharge end of the pan. The metering trough divides the volume of coal particles into a plurality of equal batches, each of which, in turn, drops into a mixing device where the particles become airborne and are delivered into a feed conduit from whence they are fed to a furnace burner. By controlling the rate of vibration of the feed pan, variables such as moisture content of the coal and/or air, particle size and BTU content of the coal can be compensated for to maintain a desired temperature within the furnace.

Abstract: Both method and apparatus are disclosed for controlling the distribution of powdered solid fuel to one or more burners. The powdered solid fuel is caused to pass downwardly through an air current passing from an air inlet to one or more outlet ports. The total rate at which fuel is distributed is controlled by the rate at which air is supplied to the air inlet. In addition, each outlet port is provided with an individual adjustment for controlling the relative rates at which fuel is supplied through the various individual outlet ports. The construction of the distributor is such that the system may be controlled to distribute fuel continuously or in successive controlled impulses while at the same time controlling both the total amount of distributed fuel as well as the relative amounts of fuel distributed in the various outlet lines to the burners.

Abstract: An apparatus for feeding solid fuel to a furnace grate comprising a conduit adapted, in use, to extend downwards through the roof of the furnace, means for feeding solid fuel to the conduit above the lower end thereof said means including at least one fuel propulsion element and drive means to cause the element to move to propel the fuel in a desired direction and means to cause a rapid deceleration in the movement of the element whereby any fuel adhering to the element is flung therefrom.

Abstract: The arrangement comprises a working member formed by a pair of intercommunicating nozzles of which one nozzle comprises a bellmouth mounted above the oven platform with a certain spacing, facing with its enlarged portion the bottom part of the oven and intimately adjoining this part upon engaging the oven, and the second nozzle is of cylindrical shape and has an ejector communicated with a compressed gas source for reducing pressure within the nozzles, whereby the first nozzle functions as a suction nozzle to collect the remainders of coke from the platform, and the second nozzle functions as a delivery nozzle to project the collected remainders of coke into the oven chamber.

Abstract: Coal dust comprising coal particles of 40 mesh or less may be utilized as a fuel for stable combustion by aspirating the dust in fluidized suspension for delivery to a turbulent reservoir and aspirating the suspension from the reservoir for delivery to a combustion zone.

Abstract: An improved conduit for conveying fuel from supply to burner means and including a rigid floor disposed therebelow with a covered trench formed therein, the latter defining at least a portion of the conduit.