Abstract: A method of improving an endothermic process in a furnace utilizing steps a) calibrating the simplified physical model of step c3) by measuring one or more tube temperature for at least a tube impacted by the throttling of a burner in standard and in throttled state, b) acquiring information on a tube temperature for the tubes present in the furnace with all the burners present in the furnace under standard non-throttled conditions, c) getting a map of burners to throttle including c1) choosing at least one parameter representative of the performances of the furnace with a target of improvement, c2) choosing at least one or more power ratio for the burner throttling, c3) utilizing the information of step b) and a simplified physical model of the impact of throttling a burner on the tube temperature, c4) getting a map of burners to throttle, step d) throttling the burners.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods and systems for modulating a solid-fuel-based combustion process. A current instantaneous heat release for a solid-fuel-based heat generator is determined at a virtual sensor. The current instantaneous heat release is compared to a current firing rate demand. When the current instantaneous heat release does not correspond to the current firing rate demand, an underfire air flow of the heat generator is adjusted.

Abstract: A burner appliance is disclosed. The burner appliance includes a byproduct sensor in an exhaust flue and/or a barometric pressure sensor to detect an environmental pressure at the burner appliance. By calculating concentrations of combustion byproducts in the exhaust with the byproduct sensor, a controller can adjust blower speed and/or fuel rate to modify combustion efficiency. By calculating the environmental pressure at the burner with the barometric pressure sensor, the controller can adjust blower speed and/or fuel rate to modify combustion efficiency. The barometric-pressure data can also be used to adjust blower speed control bands, thereby calibrating the control bands based on environmental pressure. The environmental pressure can be indicative of altitude and/or weather conditions. Methods of operating said burner appliance are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention describes methods for absorbing a targeted chemical compound from a gas stream into a scrubbing solution for various uses and with various benefits. Methods are described to produce a gas stream that can be further processed with operational benefits, such as through condensing and wastewater treatment with a lower load on the wastewater treatment system. Methods are described for adsorbing the targeted compound with reduced condensation of water from the gas stream. Methods are described for producing a liquid stream comprising an absorbed form of the targeted compound for use as a saleable product, such as adsorbing ammonia for the production of a fertilizer, wherein the concentration of the absorbed form may be increased through reduced condensation from the gas stream. Methods are described for producing a lower volume liquid waste stream from the absorption process through the use of reduced condensation of the gas stream.

Abstract: A pyrolysis gasifier includes a tubular body configured to receive and pyrolyze a combustible waste, a bottom door disposed below the tubular body to selectively seal the tubular body, a main frame supporting the tubular body, a base frame supporting the bottom door, an automatic ash processor configured to, while traveling in one direction, push and remove ash remaining on the bottom door after pyrolysis of the combustible waste, and a guide frame supporting the automatic ash processor and configured to guide the travel of the automatic ash processor.

Abstract: The present embodiments provide an incinerator which includes a system for reducing NOx and CO emissions. A computational fluid dynamics module is configured to generate a plurality of models related to a plurality of incinerator parameters. A programmable logic controller dynamically maintains a plurality of set points. Further, the programmable logic controller receives a plurality of output signals from a plurality of sensors and compares the plurality of output signals with the plurality of set points. The programmable logic controller is further to affect an amount of above-fire combustion air, an amount of under-fire combustion air, and an amount of above-fire and under-fire flue gas recirculation to reduce NOx emissions produced by the incinerator.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a garbage incineration device for garbage disposal, relating to the technical field of garbage disposal, in particular to a stirring device, a conveying device and a combustion device. The bottom portion of one side of the stirring device is fixedly mounted with a conveying device, and one of the tops of the conveying device The side is fixedly equipped with a combustion device, the stirring device comprises a mixer, and a storage box is fixedly installed in a middle portion of the top portion of the mixer, and a drainage pipe is fixedly mounted on one side of the bottom portion of the storage box, and a funnel is fixedly mounted on one side of the bottom portion of the mixer. The garbage incineration device for garbage disposal can make the garbage burn more fully when incinerated.

Abstract: A method for the treatment of polymeric and/or organic waste using a heat-resistant process container provided with a valve and filled with prepared waste and which is closed in a gas-tight manner. The container is moved with the waste into a process furnace for thermal treatment. The waste is degassed therein via the valve during the thermal treatment, and immediately after degassing, the heated process container is moved from the process furnace into a cooling chamber in which the residual heat is removed from the process container and stored in a thermal storage. After cooling, the process container is removed from the cooling chamber and the contents of the process container are emptied into a separating device.

Abstract: A method for optimizing purge gas of a flare system includes measuring a flow of flare fluids within a flare system to obtain a measured flow value. The flow of the flare fluids is compared to a target flow to obtain a difference between the flow of the flare fluids and the target flow. A control valve is operated to amend a flow of purge gas and the steps of measuring a flow of flare fluids and comparing the flow of the flare fluids to the target flow are repeated until the flow of the purge gas is within a target range. A value of the flow of purge gas is measured and transmitted wirelessly to a control system.

Abstract: An example flow regulation system for a biochar kiln includes an air inlet port of the biochar kiln. The example flow regulation system also includes a port cover coupled to the air inlet ports. The example flow regulation system also includes an external flow regulation assembly coupled with the port cover. The example flow regulation system also includes a controller operating the external flow regulation assembly based on monitoring conditions of the biochar kiln to open and close the air inlet port.

Abstract: A microprocessor-based controller manages delivery of BTUs or power by determining an amount of thermal heat or power needed through sensors and, in response, controls a batch or continuous feed of biofuel fuel and/or air to a biofuel furnace. The controller controls the fuel and air required to operate the furnace efficiently.

Abstract: A burner comprises a nozzle main body (7) which is installed along a central axis of a throat (4) provided on a furnace wall (3) and comprises an inner nozzle (11) in which an auxiliary combustion air (24) flows and an outer nozzle (9) which is provided on an outer side and concentrically with the inner nozzle and in which a pulverized coal mixed flow (18) obtained by mixing a carrying medium with a pulverized coal flow, a wind box (5) for accommodating the nozzle main body, a secondary air regulator (8) accommodated in the wind box and provided at a tip portion of the nozzle main body, an auxiliary combustion air intake pipe (23) for introducing a combustion air as an auxiliary combustion air (22) into the inner nozzle from the wind box, a pulverized coal flow supply pipe (16) for introducing a pulverized coal mixed flow into the outer nozzle, and an oxygen-containing gas supply pipe (17) for supplying an oxygen-containing gas (19) to the pulverized coal mixed flow and raising the oxygen concentration in the

Abstract: Disclosed is a heat storage type waste gas purification apparatus which comprises: a combustion chamber configured to combust and decompose a component contained in waste gas; a plurality of heat storage chambers each having one end communicating with the combustion chamber and each comprising a heat storage body; a plurality of supply inlets each equipped with an on-off valve and each provided at the other end of a respective one of the heat storage chambers to selectively supply waste gas thereto; a plurality of discharge outlets each equipped with an on-off valve and each provided at the other end of a respective one of the heat storage chambers to selectively discharge treated waste gas therefrom; a discharge passage connected to the discharge outlets to discharge the treated waste gas to an outside of the apparatus therethrough; a plurality of bypass passages each connecting between the combustion chamber and the discharge passage, wherein each of the bypass passages is connected to the combustion chambe

Abstract: Waste treatment comprises heating it in a chamber to effect pyrolysis of the waste, introducing oxygen into the chamber to effect combustion of the pyrolyzed waste, and contacting off-gas from the pyrolysis and/or combustion steps with an oxidation catalyst to convert carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons in the off-gas into carbon dioxide and water and with a reduction catalyst to convert nitrous oxides to nitrogen and oxygen. Thus, domestic waste is treated in a batch process using catalytic converters to reduce the level of toxic components before off-gas reaches the atmosphere.

Abstract: A method to minimize the formation of volatile organic compounds by using an emission control flare stack in line with a gas coming from a source; mixing oxygen/air with the gas then using detected temperatures and concentrations and comparing those detected temperatures and concentrations to a library of preset limits to control inlet flow rates, control burn of the gas forming an intermediate gas; and controlling the temperature of the intermediate gas, then controlling neutralization of the temperature controlled intermediate gas to minimize the formation of volatile organic compound components and form an emission in compliance with within 40 CFR part 63, effective 2015.

Abstract: A combined heat exchanger including a flue gas cooler heat-transfer unit supplied with cooling fluid by a supply pump and an upstream GGH heat-transfer unit for circulation of circulating fluid with a downstream GGH by a circulation pump is arranged at an outlet of a gas air heater for heat exchange of flue gas from a boiler body for oxyfuel combustion with recirculation flue gases. A low-low temperature ESP is arranged at an outlet of the combined heat exchanger. A heat-exchange-duty adjustment device is arranged to regulate heats exchanged in the heat-transfer units in the heat exchanger such that at least flue gas temperature at the inlet of the low-low temperature ESP is kept to an inlet set temperature.

Abstract: In a burner and method for the operation of such a burner which is provided with first fuel and air supply means for FLOX® operation and second fuel and air supply means for operation with flame combustion, a control unit is provided for controlling fuel and air supply means in such a manner that, aided by flame combustion operation, the temperature required for FLOX® operation is rapidly achieved and FLOX® operation can be maintained at least in the region directly in front of the burner so as to provide for assisted FLOX® operation of the burner already before the conditions for pure FLOX® operation are established.

Abstract: A method and system for fueling of a burner in a direct-fired device using syngas. A gasifier produces syngas from a carbonaceous feedstock such as biomass. The syngas is fed to a syngas burner. A booster burner disposed between the gasifier and the syngas burner increases the temperature of the syngas. The booster burner may be provided with an approximately stoichiometric or sub-stoichiometric amount of oxidant. Operation of the booster burner may be regulated based on the temperature of the syngas. The syngas burner may be used to direct-fire a device requiring a relatively high flame temperature, such as, for example, a lime kiln.

Abstract: Contemplated configurations and methods are presented for effectively controlling the temperature in an oxy-fuel combustion system. Contemplated systems preferably introduce water independent of the fuel and oxygen into the combustion chamber. Water is injected through one or more nozzles, wherein water is atomized or sprayed, creating boundary layer cool zones in a boiler system and wherein water is recovered.

Abstract: An intelligently controlled catalytic converter automatically monitors various operating parameters, such as water jacket temperature, catalytic input temperature, catalytic converter output temperature, oxygen level, ambient temperature, ambient humidity and/or ambient barometric air pressure, of a biofuel-fired device and automatically controls dampers, blowers and electric heaters in the device.

Abstract: Provided is a dry distillation and gasification typed incinerator capable of saving time and fuels required for combustion aid. In a first phase when a waste material A stored in a dry distillation furnace 1 is ignited till a fire bed is formed, the dry distillation and gasification typed incinerator supplies air to the dry distillation furnace 1 through an air supply passage 13. When the waste material A is in a continuous combustion state (a second phase), the oxygen supply to the dry distillation furnace 1 is switched from the air supply by the air supply passage 13 to the concentrated oxygen supply by an oxygen supply passage 15.

Abstract: Methods and systems for controlling jet velocity at a burner when using heated gases and standard temperature gases are described herein. Through the use of a temperature-sensitive magnetic valve, the flow of a gas can be redirected to reduce velocity based on temperature. The temperature-sensitive magnetic valve can redirect flow of the gas based on the magnetic state of a curie material. The curie material changes the state of the temperature-sensitive magnetic valve based on the temperature of the gas. Thus, heated gases and standard temperature gases can be delivered at approximately equal velocities thus maintaining flame size and shape.

Abstract: Methods and systems for controlling jet velocity of a preheated gas are described herein. Through the use of a temperature-sensitive bimetallic valve, the flow of a gas can be redirected to maintain jet velocity based on temperature. The temperature-sensitive bimetallic valve can redirect flow of the gas based on the position of a bimetallic strip. The bimetallic strip and a connected blocking device can change position based on the temperature of the gas. The position of the bimetallic strip and the blocking device control the size of the port that the gas is delivered to the burner through. Thus, preheated gas and standard temperature gas can be delivered at appropriate velocities based on the needs of the user.

Abstract: In the method according to the invention for operating a cement plant, the raw meal is preheated in a preheating zone, the preheated material is precalcined in a calcining zone and the precalcined material is finally sintered in a sintering zone. The cement plant is operated in such a manner that the precalcined material which is supplied to the sintering zone has an SO3 concentration of at least 5.5% by mass and a CaSO4 proportion of at least 75%, preferably 90%, of the total salt content.

Abstract: The controlled temperature ion transport membrane reactor is a combustion-type ion transport membrane reactor for combusting a hydrocarbon fuel with oxygen. The reactor includes an oxygen permeable ion transport membrane for separating oxygen from air. In order to control temperature within the reactor, a thermally conductive plate is positioned between a mixing passage, where a diluent gas and the permeated oxygen are mixed, and a reaction zone. The reaction zone is in fluid communication with the mixing passage and a fuel chamber through a porous plate for combusting the hydrocarbon fuel with the oxygen.

Abstract: The dry oxygen content in the exhaust of an industrial furnace may be controlled to 1% or less by determining one or more of: the temperature of: each or a group of one or more burner (flame); one or more section of the radiant walls adjacent (e.g., within 5 feet of the burner); the temperature gradient across the process coils; the combustion products of one or more burners; the mass flow rate or the volume flow rate of air to each burner (e.g., the pressure drop across the variable forced air aperture ii) comparing the result to said target value; and iii) adjusting either a) the opening of the variable forced air aperture; or b) adjusting the mass flow rate or the volume flow rate of air from said one or more fans.

Abstract: Provided is a fluidized bed furnace for heating waste to extract a combustible gas from the waste, including: a plurality of wind boxes arranged on a lower side of a bottom wall of a furnace body to blow a fluidizing gas into the fluidized bed; a plurality of temperature detection sections disposed at respective positions allowing detection of temperatures of an upper position and a lower position vertically spaced in a first region, and allowing detection of temperatures of upper and lower positions vertically spaced in a second region; and a control section operable, based on the temperatures detected by the temperature detection sections, to adjust an air ratio of the fluidizing gas to be fed to each of the wind boxes, so that the temperature of the fluidized bed is raised in a direction from the first region toward the second region.

Abstract: In a boiler, a heat exchanger provided in one of two flow paths formed by partitioning a downstream portion of a flow path for exhaust gas discharged from a furnace has a smaller total heat transfer area than a heat exchanger provided in the other of the two flow paths; the exhaust gases discharged from the flow paths to outside the boiler are introduced, without being mixed, into an air heater downstream of the boiler; and, in the air heater, the heat of the exhaust gases is transferred to the primary air and the secondary air so as to heat combustion air.

Abstract: A fluidized bed gasification furnace includes a control device that identifies a defective fluidization spot of a fluidized bed based on distribution of temperatures detected by a plurality of temperature sensors, temporarily increases an amount of supplied combustion gas to air boxes located below the identified defective fluidization spot, and increases a speed of discharge of noncombustibles and a fluidization medium discharged by an extruder.

Abstract: Provided are a method and an apparatus for controlling combustion in an oxygen fired boiler which are easily applicable to an existing air fired boiler for easy and stable control of the combustion. Oxygen with a setting amount in accordance with a boiler load demand 35 is supplied to a boiler body 4. Heat absorption amount of the boiler is measured from inlet temperature of feedwater supplied to the boiler body 4 and outlet temperature of steam. Recirculation flow rate of combustion exhaust gas 14a is controlled such that heat absorption amount 41 of the boiler body 4 becomes equal to a targeted heat absorption amount 42 to thereby control oxygen concentration in all gas guided to the boiler body 4.

Abstract: A furnace for burning solid burning biomass fuels such a municipal waste and wood pellets including a first compartment containing a hopper, a motorized auger positioned in the bottom of the auger for conveying a solid fuel out of the hopper, a first blower tube operatively coupled to the hopper for receiving the solid fuel from the hopper and a first blower operatively coupled to the blower tube for blowing the fuel through first blower tube. In a second compartment, the furnace contains a combustion chamber operatively coupled to the blower tube opposite the first blower and a heat exchanger arranged above the combustion chamber. To cool the heat exchanger, a second blower is operatively coupled to the heat exchanger for blowing a cooling air through the heat exchanger. A programmable control system is operatively coupled to the auger, the first blower, the second blower and a plurality of thermocouples for controlling the operation of the furnace.

Abstract: An oxy/fuel combustion system having a furnace arranged and disposed to combust a fuel to form a combustion fluid. The system further includes a convective section having at least one heat exchanger arranged and disposed to exchange heat between the combustion fluid and steam for use in a steam turbine. A flue gas recycle is arranged and disposed to recycle at least a portion of the combustion fluid as a recycled flue gas, the flue gas recycle having at least two expellant locations downstream of a primary combustion zone. The system includes a flow control mechanism that provides controlled amounts of the recycled flue gas to the at least two expellant locations to control temperature of the steam.

Abstract: A method is proposed for regulating a firing device taking into account the temperature and/or the burner load, in particular with a gas burner, comprising the regulation of the temperature (Tactual) produced by the firing device using a characteristic which shows a value range corresponding to a desired temperature (Tdesired) dependent upon a first parameter (mL, VL) corresponding to the burner load (Q), wherein when representing the characteristic, a second parameter, preferably the air ratio (?), defined as the ratio of the actually supplied quantity of air to the quantity of air theoretically required for optimal stoichiometric combustion, is constant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a non-catalytic biomass burner that may be used to burn a variety of fuel types at high efficiencies. The burner may include a cylindrical combustion chamber with an auxiliary igniter to heat the fuel in the combustion chamber until desirable combustion temperatures are reached. Fuel may be added to the chamber via a fuel feed assembly, and the rate of fuel addition to the chamber by the fuel feed assembly may be controlled by a computer. A fan located on the distal side of a flue pipe from the chamber may also be provided that pulls air into the chamber through one or more air inlets that are designed to encourage cyclonic air and exhaust flow in the chamber. Methods are further provided for controlling the manner of operation of the burner by a computer that may be instructed by a computer program code.

Abstract: A method for reducing NOx formation, including the steps of: providing a furnace with a plurality of secondary air injection ducts, asymmetrically positioned in an opposing manner; injecting fuel with primary air through a first stage prior to injection of a second air; injecting secondary air and aqueous urea solution through the plurality of reagent injection ducts; controlling the asymmetrical injection to produce a high velocity mass flow and a turbulence resulting in dispersion of the urea solution into the combustion space, thereby providing reduced NOx formation in the combustion process.

Abstract: An oxyfuel boiler 1 is equipped with an oxygen separation apparatus 23 to produce oxygen by separating oxygen from the air, a recirculation fan 26 to supply a portion of combustion flue gas branched from the combustion flue gas discharged from the boiler to the oxyfuel boiler 1, a temperature sensor 14a to detect gas temperature at a boiler outlet 1d in the oxyfuel boiler 1, and a control apparatus 150 to calculate gas temperature at a furnace outlet 1c in the boiler from the gas temperature at the boiler outlet 1d detected by the temperature sensor 14a and control the operating condition of the recirculation fan 26 so that the calculated gas temperature at the furnace outlet 1c becomes a desired preset gas temperature.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to processes and apparatuses for reducing the content of pollutants in a boiler system flue gas resulting from combustion of fuel. The present invention discloses improved slurry injection techniques, re-circulation of flue gas to provide momentum to the injected slurry, a measurement system for obtaining system profile information and a system to optimize the reduction of pollutants in a flue gas by adjusting the injection of slurry suspension based on system profile information.

Abstract: In a temperature control method in which a target temperature is given in a thermal treatment furnace and plural heaters are controlled according to the target temperature, the correlation of the each heater and plural profile temperature sensors provided in the thermal treatment furnace is determined, a virtual temperature is calculated on the basis of the detection temperature of each profile temperature sensor and a weighting factor calculated from the correlation, and the each heater is controlled so that the virtual temperature is coincident with the target temperature.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a firing furnace, in particular for the dental sector, in which the temperature is measured and, based on the measured temperature, a temperature control is performed. If appropriate, the temperature integral, recorded at discrete points, is determined over the course of time and in particular stored, and is used, if appropriate in addition to the temperature, for controlling the firing furnace.

Abstract: This disclosure includes a system and method of controlling fuel combustion including providing a system, measuring a property, and providing oxygen and fuel in response to the property. The system includes a furnace arranged and disposed to receive fuel and oxygen and combust the fuel and the oxygen to form a combustion fluid, a plurality of heat exchanger sections arranged and disposed to receive heat from the combustion fluid, and a plurality of oxygen injectors arranged and disposed to controllably provide oxygen to the combustion fluid to adjust composition of the combustion fluid and temperature of the combustion fluid. The property measured is selected from the group consisting of temperature of the combustion fluid, composition of the combustion fluid, temperature of the heat exchanger sections, and combinations thereof and is performed in close proximity to the oxygen injectors.

Abstract: A method controls mass and heat loading of sludge feed into a fluidized bed combustor (FBC) controlled via regulation of a polymer dosage or a sludge feed rate including: continuously monitoring at least one performance characteristic of the FBC; producing an input signal characteristic; analyzing the input signal and determining a first rate of change of the characteristic; generating an output signal based on the first rate of change to control addition of polymer to the FBC; generating a second output signal to control addition of sludge feed to the FBC; and determining a transition point between the addition of polymer and addition of sludge, which transition point is an upper limit of a first rate change to maintain flow so that the value of the characteristic is maintained proximate at the upper limit.

Abstract: A fuel-fired high capacity liquid heating appliance, representatively a boiler or a water heater, has a fluid heat exchanger extending around a combustion chamber into which first and second fuel burners extend, the first and second burners respectively having associated blowers for supplying combustion air thereto. Illustratively, the combustion chamber is oval-shaped, with the burners extending into opposite ends the combustion chamber If one of the burners is not firing while the other burner is firing, a control system starts the non-firing burner's blower, to protect it from overheating by the firing burner, if the control system senses an excess temperature in the non-firing burner. The heat exchanger comprises a series of fluid receiving tubes extending between baffle-free header structures iteratively sized to equalize fluid flow rates through the heat exchanger tubes over a wide flow rate range.

Abstract: A method of selective catalytic NOX reduction in a power boiler and a power boiler with selective catalytic NOX reduction. Fuel is combusted in a furnace of the boiler and a flue gas stream that includes NOX is generated. The flue gas stream is conducted from the furnace along a flue gas channel to a stack. The flue gas stream is cooled in a heat recovery area, including an economizer section, arranged in the flue gas channel. At least a portion of the NOX is reduced to N2 in an NOX catalyst arranged in the flue gas channel downstream of the economizer section. The flue gas is further cooled, and heated air is generated in a gas-to-air heater arranged in the flue gas channel downstream of the economizer section and upstream of the NOX catalyst. The gas-to-air heater may be a tubular air heater or a heat exchanger with a recirculating heat transfer fluid.

Abstract: Burner control systems and methods of operating a burner are for a large boiler such as might be used in hospitals, hotels, offices or other large commercial or domestic premises.

Abstract: Provided is a dry distillation and gasification typed incinerator capable of saving time and fuels required for combustion aid. In a first phase when a waste material A stored in a dry distillation furnace 1 is ignited till a fire bed is formed, the dry distillation and gasification typed incinerator supplies air to the dry distillation furnace 1 through an air supply passage 13. When the waste material A is in a continuous combustion state (a second phase), the oxygen supply to the dry distillation furnace 1 is switched from the air supply by the air supply passage 13 to the concentrated oxygen supply by an oxygen supply passage 15.

Abstract: An air preheater 100 is described having an air damper assembly 162 that partially restricts an air inlet 130 and a flue gas damper assembly 152 that partially restricts flue gas inlet 124 during periods of reduced boiler load. Restricting the flue gas inlet 124 reduces the effective surface area of the preheater causing more heat to pass to the cold end of the air preheater 100, reducing acid condensation and fouling. Restricting the gas inlet 124, increases gas velocity, thereby eroding accumulations in the air preheater 100, also reducing fouling. Restricting the air inlet 130 reduces the effective heat transfer surface area of the air preheater, which raises the gas temperature in the cold end of the air preheater and thereby reduces acid condensation and fouling.

Abstract: A control system for a solid fuel combustion appliance, e.g., a wood burning stove, includes a temperature sensor for sensing an output temperature of the appliance. A controller receives the output temperature and controls a damper associated with air flow through the stove to maintain a predetermined temperature. The system also includes a detector that senses certain conditions of the solid fuel, e.g., wood, that is burned by the stove. When additional fuel is added to the appliance, the system temporarily encourages initial combustion of the new fuel, before returning to maintaining the predetermined temperature.

Abstract: Combustion systems and processes are disclosed. A cross-limiting override control system is configured to transmit remote set points to flow controllers configured to control the flow rates of a primary firing fuel and air to a combustion apparatus. A temperature controller is configured to transmit a temperature demand signal based on a temperature in a combustion zone in the combustion apparatus. An analyzer controller is configured to transmit a stoichiometric ratio control signal based on an excess oxygen level exiting the combustion zone in the combustion apparatus.

Abstract: A fuel flexible furnace, including a main combustion zone, a reburn zone downstream from the main combustion zone, and a delivery system operably coupled to supplies of biomass and coal and configured to deliver the biomass and the coal as ingredients of first and reburn fuels to the main combustion zone and the reburn zone, with each fuel including flexible quantities of the biomass and/or the coal. The flexible quantities are variable with the furnace in an operating condition.

Abstract: A method of operating a furnace having process tubes and multiple burners where it is desired to conform the temperatures of the process tubes to selected target temperature criterion. The present method provides a systematic and quantitative approach to determine how to adjust burner flow rates to result in desired tube wall temperatures, for example to minimize the temperature deviation between tube wall temperatures at a predetermined elevation in the furnace.