Abstract: A system is provided that includes a combustion system having a plurality of jets; a spatial monitoring system with a plurality of sensors disposed in a spatial grid within or downstream from the combustion system; and a control system configured to adjust a forcing frequency of at least one fluid jet in the plurality of fluid jets in response to sensor feedback from the spatial monitoring system.

Abstract: A system with a boiler and a turbine, and an associated control method. The method includes sensing a plurality of operating conditions at a first common boiler location. At least one of the plurality of operating conditions sensed at the first common location is indicative of a combustion anomaly occurring during operation. The combustion anomaly indicated by the plurality of operating conditions at the first common location is traced back to an offending burner that is at least partially responsible for the combustion anomaly based on a model that takes into consideration at least two of the plurality of operating conditions sensed at the first common location. At least one of a process input and a boiler configuration is adjusted to establish a desired value of the operating conditions at the first common location.

Abstract: An oxyfuel boiler structured so as to mix oxygen separated from air with a part of exhaust gas branched from exhaust gas discharged from the boiler for generating vapor and supplying to a vapor demand facility by burning coal fuel, and supply the mixed gas to the boiler as an oxidizing gas for burning the coal, wherein an air separation unit for separating air and manufacturing oxygen from air, an oxygen supply system for leading the oxygen manufactured by the air separation unit to the oxyfuel boiler, a recirculation system for leading a part of exhaust gas branched from the exhaust gas discharged from the oxyfuel boiler to the oxyfuel boiler, and a recirculation fan for supplying the exhaust gas to the recirculation system are installed, respectively.

Abstract: Provided is a solid fuel burner (60) suitable for controlling a flame to be formed by combustion of fuel ejected from the burner (60) and a temperature distribution in a furnace, a combustion apparatus using the solid fuel burner (60), and a method of operating the combustion apparatus. Providing in the fuel nozzle (10) a plurality of gas ejection nozzles (81), (82) and a restriction (obstacle) (19) downstream thereof, and ejecting a relatively large amount of gas from a portion of the gas ejection nozzles (81) provides a circumferential distribution in fuel concentration. Further, having the restriction (obstacle) (19) on a downstream side increases a deviation in fuel concentration. Providing a fuel concentration deviation in the circumferential direction makes it possible to change the forming position of a flame.

Abstract: This invention relates to a device (3) for the combustion of granular, solid fuel, for example pellets and the like, comprising; a combustion chamber (16), an air inlet (24) for feeding air to the combustion chamber (16) via at least one air chamber (38,39,40) and at least one air-duct (41,42) for attaining an air flow through the combustion chamber (16), a feeding and dosing arrangement (10, 11, 12) for feeding of the fuel into the combustion chamber (16), an ignition device (28) for ignition of the fuel, a control unit (32) for operation of the combustion device (3) and parts co-operating therewith, an outlet (26) for hot combustion gases from the combustion chamber (16), a movably arranged ash feeder (29) with a drive unit (30), controlled by the control unit (32) for automatic feeding of ashes, unburned fuel, and slag products (31), out of the combustion chamber (16), wherein the ash feeder (29) comprises a movable front part (51) having a perforated bottom which constitutes the above mentioned inner bott

Abstract: An oxyfuel boiler 1 is equipped with an oxygen separation apparatus 23 to produce oxygen by separating oxygen from the air, a recirculation fan 26 to supply a portion of combustion flue gas branched from the combustion flue gas discharged from the boiler to the oxyfuel boiler 1, a temperature sensor 14a to detect gas temperature at a boiler outlet 1d in the oxyfuel boiler 1, and a control apparatus 150 to calculate gas temperature at a furnace outlet 1c in the boiler from the gas temperature at the boiler outlet 1d detected by the temperature sensor 14a and control the operating condition of the recirculation fan 26 so that the calculated gas temperature at the furnace outlet 1c becomes a desired preset gas temperature.

Abstract: In a burner and method for the operation of such a burner which is provided with first fuel and air supply means for FLOX® operation and second fuel and air supply means for operation with flame combustion, a control unit is provided for controlling fuel and air supply means in such a manner that, aided by flame combustion operation, the temperature required for FLOX® operation is rapidly achieved and FLOX® operation can be maintained at least in the region directly in front of the burner so as to provide for assisted FLOX® operation of the burner already before the conditions for pure FLOX® operation are established.

Abstract: This disclosure includes a system and method of controlling fuel combustion including providing a system, measuring a property, and providing oxygen and fuel in response to the property. The system includes a furnace arranged and disposed to receive fuel and oxygen and combust the fuel and the oxygen to form a combustion fluid, a plurality of heat exchanger sections arranged and disposed to receive heat from the combustion fluid, and a plurality of oxygen injectors arranged and disposed to controllably provide oxygen to the combustion fluid to adjust composition of the combustion fluid and temperature of the combustion fluid. The property measured is selected from the group consisting of temperature of the combustion fluid, composition of the combustion fluid, temperature of the heat exchanger sections, and combinations thereof and is performed in close proximity to the oxygen injectors.

Abstract: Systems and methods for effectively combusting municipal wa ste are disclosed. Aspects of the present invention provide improved techniques for increasing efficiency of combusting municipal waste as well as decreasing emission of harmful gases. In one aspect of the present invention a system is provided which includes a post combustor for combusting gasified waste. In another aspect of the present invention, a method for using the post combustor to gasify the waste is provided.

Abstract: Provided are a method and an apparatus for controlling combustion in an oxygen fired boiler which are easily applicable to an existing air fired boiler for easy and stable control of the combustion. Oxygen with a setting amount in accordance with a boiler load demand 35 is supplied to a boiler body 4. Heat absorption amount of the boiler is measured from inlet temperature of feedwater supplied to the boiler body 4 and outlet temperature of steam. Recirculation flow rate of combustion exhaust gas 14a is controlled such that heat absorption amount 41 of the boiler body 4 becomes equal to a targeted heat absorption amount 42 to thereby control oxygen concentration in all gas guided to the boiler body 4.

Abstract: A biomass burner system includes a burner assembly, a fuel storage assembly coupled to the burner assembly, and a heat exchanger configured to receive the heat from the burner assembly. The biomass burner system includes a controller which is programmable to monitor various operating conditions of the biomass burner and control the operation of the biomass burner to confirm safe and efficient operation. The controller is operable to monitor a temperature associated with the combustion chamber, a temperature associated with the heat exchanger, and a temperature associated with the air exiting the system. The biomass burner system is operable to vary the flow of air into the combustion chamber, the flow of fuel into the combustion chamber, the operation of an igniter system to maintain the efficient operation of the biomass burner system.

Abstract: A system and a method for decreasing a rate of slag formation at predetermined locations in a boiler system are provided. The boiler system has a plurality of burners, a plurality of slag detection sensors, a plurality of temperature sensors and a plurality of CO sensors disposed therein. The system determines locations within the boiler system that have relatively high slag thickness levels utilizing the plurality of slag detection sensors and then adjusts A/F ratios or mass flows of burners affecting those locations, or adds slag reducing additives to the burners affecting those locations, to decrease a rate of slag formation at the locations, utilizing signals from the plurality of slag detection sensor, the plurality of temperature sensors, and the plurality of CO sensors.

Abstract: A system, a method, and an article of manufacture for adjusting temperature levels in predetermined locations in a boiler system are provided. The boiler system has a plurality of burners and a plurality of temperature sensors and CO sensors disposed therein. The system determines locations within the boiler system that have relatively high temperature levels utilizing the plurality of temperature sensors and then adjusts A/F ratios of burners affecting those locations to decrease the temperature levels at the locations while maintaining CO levels at or below a threshold level.

Abstract: Apparatus for controlling the operation of a biomass stove utilizes three proportional integral derivative (PID) controllers as part of a closed loop to control the fuel feed rate, the convection fan speed and the combustion fan speed. The first loop controls room temperature, the second loop controls the convection fan speed and the third loop controls the combustion fan. Appropriate temperature readings are utilized for the first and second loop. The third loop, which utilized feedback of the ratio between the heat exchanger temperature to the exhaust temperature, in addition to measuring these temperatures also references a library of look-up tables of such ratios over the entire heat range of the stove that have been correlated to combustion efficiency, as an input. This enables the operator to optimize the heat output for any operating point.

Abstract: An incombustible withdrawing system withdraws an incombustible from a fluidized-bed furnace having a fluidized bed formed therein by a fluidized medium. The incombustible withdrawing system has a mixture delivery path to deliver a mixture of the fluidized medium and the incombustible from a bottom of the fluidized-bed furnace. The incombustible withdrawing system also has a fluidized-bed separating chamber disposed downstream of the mixture delivery path to fluidize the mixture by a fluidizing gas and to separate the mixture into a first separated mixture and a second separated mixture. The incombustible withdrawing system includes a return passage to return the first separated mixture to the fluidized-bed furnace, and an incombustible discharge passage to discharge the second separated mixture to an exterior of the fluidized-bed furnace.

Abstract: Methods and systems for measuring and controlling the percent stoichiometric oxidant in the pyrolyzing section of incinerators are provided. The methods and systems rely on measurements of the oxygen concentration and temperature of the gases within the pyrolysis section and mathematical relationships between these values and the percent stoichiometric oxidant.

Abstract: An apparatus for the application of heat to remove ammonia compounds from fly ash is disclosed. The apparatus includes a source of fly ash comprising particulates having ammonia compounds affixed to the fly ash particulates, a heating chamber including a treatment bed comprising a media having openings, a fly ash supply conduit for transferring fly ash from the source of fly ash to the treatment bed of the heating chamber, a source of heated air, an air supply conduit for providing a flow of heated air to the treatment bed of the heating chamber for contacting the fly ash on the treatment bed with the flow of heated air, a heated air conduit in communication with the heating chamber for transferring the flow of heated air from the heating chamber, and an ash removal conduit in communication with the heating chamber for transferring heated fly ash from the heating chamber.

Abstract: The present invention is a waste incinerating method and a device for the method, characterized in that, using a combustion furnace (111) incorporating a high temperature resistant coil-shaped flue (117) and having flue heating means and a thermo sensor (128), while maintaining the temperature inside the flue at a high temperature by suppressing an air feed amount and a temperature of the heating means, exhaust smoke produced by the combustion of waste is passed through the flue for complete combustion to completely eliminate the exhaust smoke. Because any harmful substance such as dioxin is not exhausted, the method and device are suitable as the incinerating method and incinerating device for inflammable waste.

Abstract: A method includes the step of extinguishing a flame fired from a burner in a reaction zone upon determining that a sensed combustion chamber temperature is at or above the auto-ignition temperature of a fuel. A subsequent step is performed before the sensed combustion chamber temperature drops below the auto-ignition temperature. The subsequent step provides a flow of the fuel through the burner and into the combustion chamber through a reaction zone outlet. This initiates diffuse combustion of the fuel by auto-ignition in the combustion chamber in the absence of a flame fired from the burner in the reaction zone.

Abstract: A pyrolysis furnace is described enabling removal of solid and liquid organic contaminants from various metal parts in a continuous manner. A novel furnace contruction employing a rotating retort vessel is described together with its method of continuous operation.

Abstract: Plant for the hot treatment of waste gases from municipal waste incinerators or the like, comprising a first line of taking up hot waste gases for treating in an exit section of a municipal waste incinerator, a one stage or multiple stage fluid bed contained within one or several reactors and invested by the waste gases to be treated, at least one hopper for charging the solid granular material into the reactor or reactors, a cyclone separator at the outlet of the reactor or of the last of the reactors; the treated waste gases exiting from the reactor or reactors being first introduced into said separator and subsequently conveyed, by said first uptake line, toward a final discharge chimney; said first uptake line providing, downstream of said cyclone separator, a second recirculating line moving the waste gases treated by the reactor or reactors, upstream of the reactor or of the first of the reactors, so that by this second line said treated waste gases mix with the waste gases to be treated originating fro

Abstract: An incinerator includes a furnace, a heat-insulating shield, an air conduit, an air blower, and a dryer. The heat-insulating shield has a top wall, a vertically extending peripheral wall that extends downwardly from the top wall and that surrounds and that is spaced apart from the furnace by a gap, and an open bottom end. The peripheral wall of the heat-insulating shield has an air outlet that is disposed adjacent to the top wall and that is in fluid communication with the gap. Atmospheric air is introduced via the open bottom end through the gap and the air conduit and into the dryer. A feed motor is used to deliver solid waste into the furnace. A control unit controls rotating speed of the feed motor based on temperature in the dryer so as to adjust the temperature in the dryer.

Abstract: Method of controlling the temperatures of an exothermic process carried out in a suspension of solids in a reactor system formed by a wind box (2), a vertical riser (5), which is essentially not cooled, a particle separator (6), at least one set of recycling channels (9), which are not cooled, and at least one cooled set of recycling channels (12). According to the invention, the flow of solids travelling through the recycling channel (9), which is no cooled, as adjusted based on the temperature difference (T2−T1) between the upper and lower parts of a riser (5), which is not cooled, and the flow of solids travelling through the heat exchanger (12) is adjusted based on the temperature (T1) of the lower part or the temperature (T2) of the upper part of the riser tube. The control of the riser temperature is thus exclusively based on the regenerative heat transfer of the solids returned from the heat exchangers.

Abstract: A stove for solid fuel, with sensor controlled, motor driven adjustment means for respective different types of intake air and with a control unit which is programmable for selective control of the adjustment means in order to optimise the combustion under various operational conditions, in particular during a lighting up phase, an operative phase of high or low effect, a refiring phase, and a burn-out phase.

Abstract: The objective of the present invention is to provide a fluidized bed incinerator which will increase the thermal capacity of the freeboard to respond to fluctuations of the load imposed by waste matter such as sludge or garbage with a high moisture content; which would absorb local and momentary temperature spikes due to load fluctuations or variations in the characteristics of the waste material.

Abstract: An animal carcass incinerator including a housing defining a combustion chamber and a charge opening in the housing sized to permit an animal carcass to be inserted therethrough the charge opening having a corresponding charge door. The burner including a blower, is mounted to the incinerator and disposed to produce a flame within the combustion chamber. A heat sensor is disposed to monitor the combustion chamber. A control unit is included for controlling the operation of the burner. A line for communicating temperature signals is included and connects the heat sensor and the control unit. The control unit terminates the burner flame upon receiving a temperature signal corresponding to a first predetermined temperature in a combustion chamber. The blower of the burner introduces air into the combustion chamber after the combustion chamber has reached the first predetermined temperature and the control unit has terminated the burner flame.

Abstract: A method and installation for the cremation of bodies in coffins. The coffin is placed in a crematorium furnace in the wall of which at least one burner is disposed. Conbustion occurs in a chamber of the crematorium furnace without naturally-occurring air and with the burning of the coffin supplying energy along with part of the recirculated flue gas in which oxygen has been added. The flue gas fed back to the crematorium furnace is recirculated uncooled. The temperature at the crematorium furnace is maintained by the burning coffins and the oxygen-enriched recirculated flue gas.

Abstract: A combustion system includes a primary combustion chamber divided into left and right sides by fuel-retaining standards defining a canyon or void extending into a secondary combustion chamber is provided. The combustion system includes an automatic air setting mechanism for controlling an air delivery system in the combustion system comprises. The automatic air setting mechanism includes a control for controlling an air passage of the air delivery system and a lock for locking the control. A sensor is also provided which senses the temperature of the combustion chamber so that when the temperature reaches a predetermined value the locking mechanism releases the control.

Abstract: An intake/exhaust type combustion equipment capable of permitting oxygen in a proper amount required for stable combustion to be constantly fed to the combustion equipment, irrespective of outdoor air conditions. An intake air temperature detection sensor is arranged for detecting a temperature of combustion air fed to a burner by a combustion air feed fan and an oxygen data output element is arranged for outputting oxygen data corresponding to an oxygen concentration in combustion air depending on the temperature detected by the intake air temperature detection sensor. The oxygen data output element outputs oxygen data on the oxygen concentration or a variation in oxygen concentration based on the detected temperature.

Abstract: A system and method for treating, injecting and co-combusting sludge in a municipal waste or other combustor is disclosed. The system includes a sludge receiving and treatment module and a sludge injection and combustion module. The sludge is received and stored in one or more storage hoppers where it is first diluted with a liquid and subsequently mixed to a desired homogeneous consistency suitable for pumping. The high liquid content sludge is then pumped to a furnace injection nozzle where it is preferably atomized with steam and sprayed into the combustion zone of the furnace. The disclosed system and method increases sludge moisture content and controls the solids content of the sludge to control furnace temperature.

Abstract: An operation control method and apparatus are provided for a melting furnace 1 having a supply opening 2 for incineration ash 6, a discharge opening 3 for molten slag 7, and a heat source 9 for applying an amount of heat to the supplied incineration ash. The method includes the steps of imaging the vicinity of the surface of molten slag 7 heated by an amount of heat transferred from the heat source with a television camera 5 to obtain an electronic image, differentiating a high-temperature region in the electronic image that is not lower than a predetermined temperature (1,300° C.) from a low-temperature region in the electronic image that is lower than the predetermined temperature, and controlling the amount of heat applied to the incineration ash from the heat source so that the size of the differentiated high-temperature region reaches a predetermined value.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of operating a furnace (1) comprising a flue pipe (11) for discharging the smoke, means (19) of introducing ambient air into the said flue pipe (11) and a smoke extractor (16) arranged in the said flue pipe (11). According to the method, the temperature of the smoke is measured at two points (31, 33), the temperature measured at the second point (33) is subtracted from the one measured at the first point (31), the result of the subtraction is compared with a datum value &Dgr;T, and the ratio of the flow rate of fuel to the flow rate of oxidizing agent introduced into the furnace (1) is decreased when the result of the subtraction is below the datum value &Dgr;T.

Abstract: An incineration apparatus which can suppress the generation of dioxins, including a combustion furnace (11) for burning a combustible in combustion air within the furnace, chlorinated aromatic compound measuring device (12) for measuring an amount of a chlorinated aromatic compound generated in the combustion furnace, and control device (14, 15, 16) for monitoring the amount of the chlorinated aromatic compound generated, obtained by the measuring device (12), and varying operating conditions of the combustion furnace (11) on the basis of the monitored result, such as to decrease the amount of the chlorinated aromatic compound generated in the combustion furnace (11).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for optimizing the injecting of NOx inhibiting liquid reagent into the flue gas of a utility or industrial type boiler to reduce emissions of NOx including a temperature sensor for measuring the boiler flue gas temperature and a moveable conduit for injecting the NOx inhibiting reagent into the flue gas at a sensed predetermined temperature range.

Abstract: Waste material containing combustible waste substances and incombustible waste substances along with carbonic massive combustibles are feed for passage in a furnace in the form of packed layers. Lower stage tuyeres feed burning support gas in the burning and melting zone of the furnace. Upper stage tuyeres feed burning support gas in the heat decomposing zone of the furnace. Total oxygen fed by the upper and lower tuyeres is 130 to 600 Nm3 per one ton of waste. The ratio of the quantity of oxygen fed from the upper stage tuyeres to the total quantity of oxygen fed from both the upper and lower stage tuyeres is 0.2 to 0.8. Oxygen fed from the lower stage tuyeres is at least 0.8 times the theoretical oxygen required for burning the carbonic massive combustibles.

Abstract: A method is provided for controlling the hydrocarbon release rate during thermal processing of materials having a variable caloric content.

Abstract: A method and an assembly for efficiently converting waste water to a gaseous state in a fossil fuel-fired power generation system is provided. The method includes feeding the slurry to the spray dryer reactor, the slurry having a predetermined ratio of liquid to absorbent, and controlling the feed rate of the slurry into the spray dryer reactor as a function of the monitored sulfur oxide level such that the sulfur oxide level is maintained within an acceptable range. The method also includes supplying supplemental liquid in the form of waste water into the spray dryer reactor in a non-proportionate manner relative to the feed of absorbent into the spray dryer reactor such that the ratio of liquid to absorbent in the spray dryer reactor changes.

Abstract: A method of operating a pulverized coal-firing furnace is provided which includes injecting air from an upper compartment generally in opposition to a swirling fireball. The method also provides the step of sensing a temperature characteristic of one side of a convection pass of the furnace. The sensed value, in accordance with the method of the present invention, is then evaluated to determine if the sensed value of the temperature characteristic exceeds an allowable value. In response to a determination that the temperature characteristic exceeds the allowable value, the momentum of the air injected through the upper air compartment is changed. After the step of changing the momentum of the air injected through the upper air compartment, the temperature characteristic of the one convection pass location is sensed to obtain a post adjustment value of the temperature characteristic and compared to an allowable value.

Abstract: A method of wood waste disposal which regulates factors such as the amount of wood residue being fed to an incinerator at any given time so that wood residue from a mill is processed promptly and efficiently without compromising the efficient operation of the incinerator. The wood residue is separated into at least two fractions, the first fraction being directed to a storage bin for later use as required, and the second fraction being directed to the incinerator. During periods of slack feed of the second fraction to the incinerator, portions of the first fraction, as required, are directed to the incinerator as make-up, in order to maintain an optimal range of incinerator conditions by manipulating the volume and flow of wood residue in cooperation with manipulating other factors.

Abstract: A garbage incinerator with tunnel furnace combustion includes a tunnel furnace serving as the burner unit, a number of carriers serving as the burner beds, and a specified track course to deliver the garbage-loaded carriers into the tunnel furnace to incinerate the garbage. A hopper is provided to receive the garbage and spread it evenly onto the carrier. Each carrier is driven into the tunnel furnace to burn the garbage and includes a bottom loading plate onto which the consumed embers fall. An automatic ember removing equipment is provided for to remove the embers from the carrier. The carriers travel on a circular track so that they continuously move in and out of the furnace.

Abstract: A multiple hearth furnace having a drying zone, a combustion zone and a cooling zone includes a recirculation loop that recycles exhaust gas from the drying zone to the cooling zone. In some embodiments, a first control loop including a temperature measurement device that measures temperature in the combustion zone controls fan speed of a recirculation fan that drives the recirculation loop. A second control loop monitors recirculation fan temperature and overrides the first control loop if the recirculation fan temperature exceeds a predetermined maximum. A third control loop controls air flow into the furnace.

Abstract: A combustion system is divided into a thermal decomposition section and a combustion section. The thermal decomposition section thermally decomposes or partially bums solid combustibles, thereby generating combustible gases. The quantity or quality of the generated combustible gases is measured, and combustion air corresponding to the measured value is supplied to the combustion section. The quality and temperature of the combustible gases in the thermal decomposition section are detected, and the quantity of solid combustibles and air (or the quantity of heat) supplied to the thermal decomposition section are controlled.

Abstract: The grate element (1, 2) is made in three pieces in the sample embodiment, and consists of a central main part (10) and two side parts (11, 12) attached thereto. The main part (10) is pierced by parallel straight-line bores, which form the straight-line conduit sections. These straight-line conduit sections (13) are flow-connected with reversers (14) in the respective side parts (11, 12). The inlet (15) for the coolant fluid is located in the rear part of the grate element, whereas the outlet (16) is located in the head area (7) of the grate element. In the outlet (16) there is a temperature probe (17) for monitoring the temperature of the coolant fluid. The grate element head (7) has recesses (18) in its foot (8) which open downward, serving as air escape orifices for the primary air, which is supplied from beneath.

Abstract: Reduction of slagging is improved by targeting slag-reducing chemicals in a furnace with the aid of computational fluid dynamic modeling. Chemical utilization and boiler maintenance are improved.

Abstract: For determining the average radiation of a surface region of a burning bed, an infrared camera is used in a firing installation, which camera is aligned with this region and is equipped by means of appropriate flame filters in such a way that it operates at the minimum of the interfering radiation emanating from the flame, whereby this interfering radiation is already largely eliminated. In order then also to eliminate the solids radiation from moving particles and thus to obtain a temperature measurement of the burning bed, recordings are made successively at short intervals of time by means of the infrared camera and these are evaluated in the evaluation and control device.

Abstract: A regenerative thermal oxidizer in which contaminated air is first passed through a hot heat-exchange bed and into a communicating high temperature oxidation (combustion) chamber, and then through a relatively cool second heat exchange bed. The apparatus includes a number of internally insulated, ceramic filled heat recovery columns topped by an internally insulated combustion chamber. From the combustion chamber, the air flows vertically downward through another column containing heat exchange media, thereby storing heat in the media for use in a subsequent inlet cycle when the flow control valves reverse. Temperature is sensed within the bed of heat exchange media in order to monitor the temperature profile and control a bypass of hot combustion gases should the temperature exceed a predetermined level.

Abstract: A system for automatically admitting and regulating the flow-rate of an alkaline substance admitted to the combustion chamber (10) of a refuse incineration plant for the hot destruction of the acids contained in the combustion fumes, comprising sensors (22, 23, 24, 25, 51, 124, 140) for detecting the concentration of the acids in the fumes in the combustion chamber (10) and working conditions of the plant such as temperature, flow-rate and humidity of the fumes, and processing means (26, 27) connected to the sensors for identifying, in dependence on the concentration of acids and of the working conditions, a flow-rate of an alkaline substance to be admitted to the combustion chamber in order to achieve a destruction yield which reduces the concentration of acids in the fumes discharged from the plant to a predetermined value, and for operating flow-rate regulation members (40) for admitting to the combustion chamber the flow-rate of an alkaline substance thus identified.

Abstract: A fluidized bed heat treatment apparatus is provided to be heated by combusting fuel gas in a manner to minimize or prevent the exhaust of carbon monoxide, the apparatus including a retort containing refractory particles to be fluidized, a first inlet in a lower region of the retort for introducing fuel/air mixture into the retort, a second inlet in a lower region of the retort for introducing secondary air into the retort, a temperature sensor located above the first and second inlets, a flame initiator located above the refractory particles, an externally located mixer to mix fuel and air in desired proportions and to supply same to the first inlet, and a control device arranged to control said externally located mixer in response to temperatures sensed by said temperature sensor whereby when the temperature sensor is below a predetermined temperature indicative of the bed being substantially not fluidized, a stoichiometric fuel/air mixture is supplied to the first inlet and when the temperature sensor sens

Abstract: An incinerator and a process for the incineration of animal carcasses. The inner combustion chamber of the incinerator is lined with a high temperature fibrous insulation material and a stainless steel liner thereby permitting the temperature of the liner to become very hot during incineration. The animal carcass is deposited directly onto the stainless steel liner. Heat is then applied to the chamber, and the liner becomes red hot and radiates heat onto the carcass from all sides of the chamber. The burners are controlled by temperature responsive control devices to maintain the combustion chamber within a desired temperature range. In another embodiment, a stainless steel wall is disposed within the interior of the incinerator housing to form a combustion chamber and an afterburner chamber alongside the combustion chamber. The afterburner chamber includes a separate burner located near the bottom of the incinerator for heating the air as it enters the afterburner chamber.

Abstract: Information relating to combustion conditions within a fossil-fueled boiler that includes a plurality of burners adapted to produce flames combining to form a fireball is provided by acquiring data relating to the physical and temperature characteristics of the fireball with at least one imaging camera having optical and temperature measuring capabilities; receiving, storing and processing data received from the camera to provide data representative of the NO.sub.x content of the hot gases produced by the fireball; and transmitting the processed data from the processor to a monitor for display. Transmitted, processed data may include current, historical and target information relating to the physical appearance and temperature profile of the fireball.