Abstract: A medical waste incinerator with primary and secondary incinerator chambers. The primary chamber has an "hour-glass" shape and air conduits that are directed downward to prevent clogging. There are no interior metal structures within the burning chambers. The primary incineration chamber uses sub-stoichiometric amounts of air.

Abstract: An emission control fluidized bed reactor is disclosed. The reactor includes a central chamber with a fluidized bed at the base of the central chamber and circulating particulate matter above the fluidized bed forming a freeboard. The fluidized bed is maintained at a temperature range between 1500.degree. F. and 1600.degree. F. The freeboard is operated in a predetermined environment between 1600.degree. F. and 1700.degree. F. and with a velocity between 4 to 12 feet per second. An externally fed gas from a discrete industrial process such as an external combustion system or a plant process is conveyed into the freeboard. The externally fed gas includes pollutants which are suppressed as a result of the predetermined environment in the freeboard.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for reducing nitrogen oxide emissions from the products of combustion is provided in which a vortex generator introduces natural gas, or other fluid fuel into the upper portion of a combustion device. The fuel introduced forms vortices, such as vortex rings, and the fuel reacts with the nitrogen oxide in the combustion products to form ammonia-like compounds, hydrogen cyanide and similar compounds, and nitrogen. The ammonia and cyanide-like fragments react with additional amounts of nitrogen oxide in the combustion products to form nitrogen gas, water vapor and carbon dioxide. The vortex rings can be controlled and will maintain their integrity longer than puffs or simple jets of fuel.

Abstract: A single chamber wood stove has primary and secondary combustion zones in direct fluid flow communication with each other. Air from outside the stove is supplied to the primary and secondary combustion zones. Gaseous hydrocarbon fuel from a source located outside the stove is selectively supplied to the secondary combustion zone and is ignited by a glow plug in the secondary combustion zone in response to a signal derived by a temperature detector in the secondary zone. The gaseous hydrocarbon fuel flows to the secondary combustion zone at a rate in the range of about 0.25 to 3 cubic feet per hour. The fuel is supplied to the secondary zone when the secondary zone temperature is above carbon monoxide ignition temperature.

Abstract: A method and corresponding system are provided for reducing quantities of oxides of nitrogen, including N.sub.2 O, that are generated in a coal-fired fluidized bed boiler, the exhaust stream from the fluidized bed boiler being at a temperature of about 600.degree.-650.degree. F. and including from about 3 to 6% oxygen, from about 50 to 500 ppmv of NO.sub.x and from about 50 to 300 ppmv of N.sub.2 O. Pursuant to the invention, the exhaust stream is flowed through a thermal reaction zone at which fuel and air are burned, to provide a modified heated stream which includes small quantities of combustibles and of oxygen. The modified heated stream is passed over a first catalyst bed under overall reducing conditions, the quantity of oxygen in the stream being in stoichiometric excess of the amount of NO.sub.2 O and NO.sub.x, but less than the amount of said combustibles; whereby the N.sub.2 O and NO.sub.x are first oxidized to NO.sub.2, and then the NO.sub.2 is reduced by the excess combustibles.

Abstract: Process for the combustion of toxic gaseous effluents bereft of oxygen in a flame, comprising an inner cone (8) supplied with combustible gas (6) and with so-called primary combustion-suppporting gas (7). Said gaseous effluent (10) and a so-called secondary combustion-supporting gas (9) are introduced separately at the level of said inner cone, said secondary combustion-supporting gas being introduced in the form of at least one jet directed towards the axis (D) of said inner cone at a flowrate and speed sufficient to ensure an excess of combustion-supporting gas, the maintenance of temperature and to create a turbulent gaseous mass at the level of said inner cone; the toxic gaseous effluent (10) being introduced into said turbulent gaseous mass. Said process is carried out under a depression. It also relates to an installation for carrying out said process.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for cleaning a gas flow that carries oxidizable pollutants in varying concentrations, the temperature within the combustion apparatus is maintained substantially constant by admixing controllable proportions of the gas to be cleaned and/or fresh air to the combustion flow. However, admixing prior to introducing the gas to be cleaned into the combustion flow is avoided by performing the admixing at a location near the exit end of a flue gas mixing pipe. This mixing location permits maintaining the combustion chamber temperature constant or at its rated level while simultaneously keeping the temperature of the flow control device at acceptable levels. The flue gas mixing pipe is arranged downstream and coaxially with a burner so that the admixing takes place after the combustion or carrier flow has already passed the burner at the entrance to the combustion chamber.

Abstract: Granular coal is combusted in a circulating fluidized bed system comprising a combustion chamber, a separator and a recycle line for recycling solids from the separator to the combustion chamber. Gas from carbonization is added to the oxygen-containing combustion gas withdrawn from the combustion chamber and is at least partly combusted in said combustion gas to increase the temperature of the combustion gas to about 850.degree. to 1200.degree. C. The gas from carbonization is produced by the heating of granular coal.

Abstract: A burner apparatus provides on-site destruction of waste liquids such as liquid anti-freeze, waste motor oil, and the like independently of the liquid concentration thereof. The apparatus comprises a storage tank for waste liquid including a reservoir and a level sensor for sensing the level of the waste liquid in the reservoir, and a burner unit energized responsive to the level sensor when the level of waste liquid exceeds a predetermined value. The burner unit includes first and second chambers connected together by a flame port provided between the chambers at the bottom of the chambers. An atomizing injector injects waste liquid from the storage tank, in an atomized form, into a flame produced by a first burner located at the top of the first chamber so that combustion products that are produced fall towards the bottom of the first chamber and pass through the flame port into the second chamber. A second burner burns combustion products exiting from the flame port into the second chamber.

Abstract: A grateless regenerative incinerator includes a gas distribution assembly having a plurality of tubes supported adjacent the floor of a heat exchanger. A coarse heat exchange material covers the tubes, and a fine heat exchange material covers the coarse material, filling the remainder of the heat exchange chamber. Gases enter and leave the heat exchange chamber through the tubes.

Abstract: Hazardous waste is formed into non-hazardous non-leaching aggregate by introducing particulate noncombustible material into at least one oxidizer beneath the surface of an accumulation of molten noncombustible material. It is preferred that the walls of a portion of the apparatus be comprised of a layer of refractory material containing metal pins over a metal-walled, water-cooled vessel.

Abstract: In a process for reducing the nitric oxide emission during the combustion of solid fuels, the flue gases leaving from a main combustion zone (2) consecutively flow through two reduction zones (6,9). The first reduction zone (6) is operated hypostoichiometrically at temperatures above 1,000.degree. C. and while adding a reducing fuel, while the second reduction zone (9) is operated hyperstoichiometrically at temperatures from 950.degree. C. to 1,000.degree. C. and in the presence of nitric oxide-reducing substances.

Abstract: A method of thermal decontamination of organic wastes in which the waste is treated in a primary incinerator by a heat source such that solid residue is collected from the incinerator and exhaust fumes then participate in an industrial thermal process by being directed to an industrial containment by combusting the exhaust gases together with fuel and an oxidizer with oxygen concentration in excess of air to decontaminate the exhaust gases and using the heat produced in the industrial process.

Abstract: The present invention is a regenerative gas incineration apparatus having three heat regenerators containing refractory heat exchange material. Gas is cycled through the regenerators first in one direction, then in another. The regenerators are each connected to combustion chamber having an air-fuel system and at least one burner. A system of valved ductwork is utilized to direct gas to be processed into and upwardly through a heating first regenerator into the combustion chamber, downwardly through a cooling second regenerator and exhausting the processed gas to the atmosphere. The temporarily idle third regenerator is purged of partially treated gas remaining from a previous cycle and this gas is directed to the combustion chamber. The flow of the gas through the system is periodically changed enabling the heat recovered by cooling regenerator in the previous cycle to be used to heat incoming gas in the next.

Abstract: The invention relates to an incinerator apparatus, comprising a primary combustion chamber (12), means for heating the primary combustion chamber (12), a secondary combustion chamber (14) communicating with the primary combustion chamber (12), and afterburner means opening out into the secondary combustion chamber (14) and through which the combustion gases from the primary combustion chamber (12) are caused to pass when entering into the secondary combustion chamber (14). Between the primary combustion chamber (12) and said afterburner means there is arranged a mixing chamber 13 extending along one long side of the primary combustion chamber (12) and communicating therewith via a venting gap (23), adjustable in height and formed between the upper part (8) of the primary combustion chamber (12) and the upper edge of a partial partition wall (11), which separates the primary combustion chamber (12) from the mixing chamber (13).

Abstract: An apparatus and method for reducing nitrogen oxide emissions from furnace flue gas is provided in which natural gas or other fluid fuel which has little or no fixed nitrogen is introduced into the upper portion of the furnace. The fuel diffuses by laminar or turbulent diffusion into oxygen-rich flue gas where it reacts with oxygen and nitric oxide to form CO.sub.2, H.sub.2 O and N.sub.2, thus reducing the nitrogen oxide emissions from the furnace. In this manner, the amount of nitrogen oxide in the flue gas is reduced. The apparatus and method can be easily applied to new furnaces or retrofitted on existing furnaces.

Abstract: A process and apparatus is presented for the reduction of nitrous oxide in the effluent from the combustion of a carbonaceous fuel. The process comprises raising the temperature of the effluent to a temperature of at least about 1700.degree. F. The apparatus utilized is a heating means which is disposed in a boiler at a location where the effluent is at a temperature of less than about 1700.degree. F.

Abstract: The present invention is a regenerative gas incineration apparatus having three heat regenerators containing refractory heat exchange material. Gas is cycled through the regenerators first in one direction, then in another. The regenerators are each connected to combustion chamber having an air-fuel system and at least one burner. A system of valved ductwork is utilized to direct gas to be processed into and upwardly through a heating first regenerator into the combustion chamber, downwardly through a cooling second regenerator and exhausting the processed gas to the atmosphere. The temporarily idle third regenerator is purged of partially treated gas remaining from a previous cycle and this gas is directed to the combustion chamber. The flow of the gas through the system is periodically changed enable the heat recovered by cooling regenerator in the previous cycle to be used to heat incoming gas in the next.

Abstract: A method of destroying NO.sub.x and SO.sub.2 in a combustion gas in disclosed. The method includes generating active species by treating stable moleucles in a high temperature plasma. Ammonia, methane, steam, hydrogen, nitrogen or a combination of these gases can be selected as the stable molecules. The gases are subjected to plasma conditions sufficient to create free radicals, ions or excited atoms such as N, NH, NH.sub.2, OH.sup.-, CH and/or CH.sub.2. These active species are injected into a combustion gas at a location of sufficiently high temperature to maintain the species in active state and permit them to react with NO.sub.x and SO.sub.2. Typically the injection is made into the immediate post-combustion gases at temperatures of 475.degree.-950.degree. C.

Abstract: A cremator having a parallelepiped construction of increased lateral breadth relative to earlier cremators. The hot gases flowing through the apparatus are constrained to follow a serpentine path of travel below the plane of the primary hearth that includes two return bends. Thus, the path of travel is elongated and the dwell time of the gases within the apparatus is increased. The gases are re-heated after the first return bend has been traversed, and the velocity of the flow of gases is further decreased by increasing the cross sectional area of the passageways that contain the gas flow.

Abstract: Improvements for an incinerator system including double reburn tunnels, an excitor within a reburn tunnel, a choker for closing off part of a reburn tunnel, a grate near the incinerator's inlet to permit the drying and initial combustion of refuse, an ash scoop which remains out of the water during most of its operation. The use of dual reburn tunnels, along with a damper that permits the closure of at least one of them, permits the efficient and environmentally acceptable utilization of the main incinerator chamber even with minimal refuse contained there. With less refuse, only one reburn unit operates; it will still have sufficient heat and throughput to maintain, with minimal auxiliary fuel, the temperatures needed for complete combustion. An excitor, or solid stationary object placed within the reburn tunnel, permits the retention and reflection of the heat generated by the burning to assure complete combustion of all hydrocarbons within the reburn unit.

Abstract: A process for low NOX incineration which involves incinerating hazardous waste to produce a gaseous stream, adding combustible material to produce a combustible gas stream having combustible material in excess of the oxygen in the combustible gas stream, incinerating the combustible gas stream in a reducing atmosphere to produce a heated oxygen-depleted gaseous stream, converting at least a portion of the heat in the oxygen depleted stream into steam, adding air to the oxygen depleted stream to produce a stoichiometric excess of oxygen in the resultant stream relative to combustible material present in the resultant stream, passing the resultant stream over an oxidizing catalyst to produce an oxidized gaseous stream, removing heat from the oxidized stream, and venting the resultant cooled stream. A system for carrying out the foregoing process is also provided.

Abstract: It has been found that trace concentrations of organic materials, including toxic organic compounds, oxidize slowly. Safe and reliable incineration of toxic organic compounds at low concentration is provided by injecting a clean fuel such as H.sub.2, CH.sub.4, or CO into the incinerator combustion chamber to promote rapid oxidation of the toxic organic compounds. It is believed that the clean fuel added to the combustion effluents raises the total concentration of fuel and organic materials above the second oxidation threshold so that the toxic organic compounds are rapidly destroyed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the incineration of waste materials contained within metal containers is disclosed wherein the metal containers containing the waste materials are fed through a shredder to form a mixture of waste materials and metal shreds. This mixture is then fed, in a controlled manner, to a primary combustion chamber wherein the waste materials and metal shreds are incincerated to produce ash, deconiannated metal sheds and combustion gases.

Abstract: A process for low NOX combustion which involves combusting an oxygen-containing combustible gas stream having fuel material in excess of the oxygen in the combustible gas stream, whereby the combustible gas stream is combusted in a reducing atmosphere to produce a heated oxygen-depleted gaseous stream, converting at least a portion of the heat in the oxygen-depleted depleted stream into steam, adding air to the oxygen-depleted stream to produce a stoichiometric excess of oxygen in the resultant stream relative to fuel material present in the resultant stream, passing the resultant stream over the oxidizing catalyst to produce an oxidized gaseous stream, optionally removing heat from the oxidized stream, and venting the resultant cooled stream. A system for carrying out the foregoing process is also provided.

Abstract: A system for removing volatilizable organic contaminants from solid materials has a primary volatilizer and a secondary volatilizer positioned in series. A charging system continuously loads solid materials which have been blended to contain a predetermined concentration of contaminants into the primary volatilizer. A portion of the contaminants are volatilized in the primary volatilizer. The solid materials and the volatilized contaminants are transfered to the secondary volatilizer where the volatilized contaminants are burned to provide heat for help in volatilizing the remainder of the contaminants. The solid material which is now decontaminated is quenched. The gases are treated to convert the remaining volatilized contaminants to harmless gases and water vapor. Particulate material is removed from the gases. Nitrogen oxides and sulpher are also converted to harmless forms.

Abstract: A system for removing volatilizable organic contaminants from solid materials has a primary volatilizer and a secondary volatilizer positioned in series. A charging system continuously loads solid materials which have been blended to contain a predetermined concentration of contaminants into the primary volatilizer. A portion of the contaminants are volatilized in the primary volatilizer. The solid materials and the volatilized contaminants are transfered to the secondary volatilizer where the volatilized contaminants are burned to provide heat for help in volatilizing the remainder of the contaminants. The solid material which is now decontaminated is quenched. The gases are treated to convert the remaining volatilized contaminants to harmless gases and water vapor. Particulate material is removed from the gases. Nitrogen oxides and sulpher are also converted to harmless forms.

Abstract: An air-starved, batch burn, modular, municipal waste incinerator. It is designed to oxidize unsorted loads of heterogeneous materials in quantities ranging from 5 to 500 tons per 12 to 15 hours. The unique aspect of this system design is that through research in air mixing, air turbulence, and temperature control, it is possible to burn this material with a highly favorable stack emission product, without the need for bag houses, dry scrubbing, or other elaborate down stream air processing equipment. The incinerator includes a primary combustion chamber connected to a secondary combustion unit by a gas transfer tube. Solid material in the primary is oxidized--or gasified--without live flame. This flammable gas stream is vented into the secondary for ignition. Combustion gases from the primary chamber are completely burned in the secondary combustion unit as the gases pass upwardly through the air mixing ring and tangentially disposed re-ignition burners.

Abstract: Hazardous waste is formed into non-hazardous non-leaching aggregate by introducing the material to a rotary kiln where the large solids are at least partially combusted to form a primary aggregate. Gaseous combustion by-products and waste fines from the waste materials are introduced into at least one oxidizer operating at a temperature in the range of from about 1800.degree. to 2500.degree. F. Under such conditions, some of the waste fines are melted to form a slag-like material that is cooled to form the non-hazardous aggregate. The portion of the material in the oxidizer that is not melted, is cooled, neutralized and subjected to a solid gas separation. The solid is reintroduced to the oxidizer with the primary aggregate where they are either melted or entrained within the molten material and become an integral part of the non-hazardous aggregate.

Abstract: A primary combustor of waste solids, wherein the solids are burned under sub-stoichiometric air control and then substantially immediately merged with the burning zone in a secondary combustor wherein waste fluids are burned with excess air and substantial waste heat recovered in the form of an energy resource such as steam.

Abstract: Method and apparatus is disclosed for thermally decomposing waste material from several batch furnaces plumbed into one afterburner. The afterburner is modified to mix and combust in a controlled manner an otherwise explosive mixture of fumes from several furnaces. The entire system is regulated only by the temperature of incinerated gases from the afterburner. The furnaces are operated in a sequenced, overlapping staged manner to produce a generally constant fume loading permitting significant cost savings in equipment and operation.

Abstract: Medium temperature (500.degree. F.-1100.degree. F.) wet off-gases from the final drying zone of counterflow incineration of waste sludge are scrubbed and cooled before heating to final high temperature in an afterburner and the resulting hot dry gases are used to preheat the scrubbed and cooled gases prior to entry of said gases into the afterburner.

Abstract: An incinerator having an improved secondary combustion chamber. The incinerator includes a vertical stack through which the waste products of combustion are discharged and the upper end of the stack is connected to one end of an elongated, horizontal secondary combustion chamber. A plurality of hollow tubes, preferably formed of silicon carbide, are mounted in the wall of the chamber and extend radially of the chamber. Air is introduced into each of the tubes and is discharged from each tube through a plurality of holes that extend normal to the longitudinal dimension of the chamber. The discharge of air from the tube forms a series of air curtains which slows the flow of the waste gases and promotes combustion of any combustible residue in the waste gas.

Abstract: A combined cycle waste-to-energy plant is utilized to thermally convert municipal and industrial solid wastes into essentially complete products of combustion and use the combustion heat to produce steam and/or electrical power. The plant includes a building enclosure having a waste receiving area, a waste fuel separation and processing area, an incinerator area and a heat recovery and power generation area. Processed waste fuel is delivered to a series of incinerators by an automated conveyor and hopper system, and the waste fuel is burned in the incinerators by hot exhaust gas delivered thereto from one or more combustion turbines located outside the building and drivingly connected to electrical generators. Inlet air to the turbines is drawn from with the building to maintain its interior at a negative pressure, thereby preventing waste odors and pathogens from escaping from the building.

Abstract: An incinerator plant for waste materials having a large throughput capacity and/or partial-load operation comprises a combination of two rotary tube furnaces feeding into a common secondary combustion chamber provided with burners that can be selectively added in and turned off, and which in turn feeds gaseous products of combustion into a waste heat boiler having two boiler flues which are connected to a common steam drum. The plant requires only one monitoring system and, when provided with a rotary tube furnace and a furnace grate, can be used for the incineration of special refuse and household refuse simultaneously.

Abstract: An incinerator for conserving volatile combustibles pulled from a layer of contaminated earth. The incinerator includes a burner and separate entry lines for the combustibles and the fuel with the combustible entry line terminating in the burner downstream of the fuel line. The heated combustibles therefore supply a portion of the heat to keep the burner operational. Safety features are also incorporated into the incinerator to shut off gas supply if safety conditions are violated.

Abstract: In a chemical process plant or the like, of the type having a gas turbine driven compressor and a fired heater for heating the process medium, and of the type which hitherto used the exhaust (GTE) of one or more gas turbines as an oxidizing medium input for oxidizing the fuel in the radiant section of the fired heater, the GTE is instead now diverted from the radiant section to a heat exchanger and air at substantially atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature is forced through the heat exchanger by a fan so as to be heated by the heat energy derived from the GTE and is then fed to the said oxidizing medium input of the heater radiant section. The GTE which has passed through the heat exchanger is exhausted to atmosphere.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for reducing nitrogen oxide emissions from furnace flue gas is provided in which a pulse generator introduces natural gas, or other fluid fuel which has little or no fixed nitrogen, into the upper portion of the furnace. The fuel pulse reacts with the nitrogen oxide in the flue gas to form ammonia-like compounds and nitrogen gas. These ammonia-like compounds react with additional amounts of nitrogen oxide in the flue gas to form nitrogen gas, water vapor and carbon dioxide. In this manner, the amount of nitrogen oxide in the flue gas is reduced using a process which can be easily applied to retrofitted furnaces.

Abstract: A system including a method and apparatus for treating waste containing organic contaminants which includes a direct fired, countercurrent, rotary kiln providing a soaking zone having an oxidizing atmosphere through which the materials being treated are passed after the unwanted organics are removed, and a secondary combustion chamber for oxidizing gases containing vaporized or pyrolyzed organics in which the organics are burned and are subjected to high temperatures for a holding time sufficient to effect destruction of the organic contaminants. The system includes means to minimize off-gas so as to make possible a reduction in size of the equipment employed.

Abstract: An apparatus for combusting wet waste or the like comprising ignition means including an ignition chamber having an inlet passageway extending therefrom for introducing the waste, an ignition burner for heating the waste to form non-combustible solids and at least partially combustible flue gases, a first outlet for the flue gases in the wall of the inlet passageway, and a second outlet for the solids; combustion means for substantially combusting the flue gases including a combustion passageway wrapped around the inlet passageway from the ignition chamber first outlet to a combustion chamber, and a combustion burner in the combustion passageway adjacent to the first outlet for aspirating and heating the flue gases; heat recuperating means for transferring heat from the substantially combusted flue gases to preheat an oxygen-containing gas; and passageway means for transferring the pre-heated oxygen-containing gas from the recuperator to the ignition burner and the combustion burner.

Abstract: A first stage, sub-stoichiometric reaction chamber (12) reacts a carbon-based fuel with an oxygen-carrying gas to produce a combustible gas, heat, and residual ash. A rectangular grate (B) supports a fuel pile (34) in the reaction chamber. A fuel supply (20) continuously supplies the carbon-based fuel from overhead in sufficient quantity to maintain the desired pile configuration with minimum particle entrainment in the generated gas. A fabric chute (36) may be provided to further limit particulate entrainment in the generated combustible gas. A temperature sensor (78) monitors temperature at the grate or another preselected reaction condition. When the preselected condition is sensed, the grates are reciprocated to step residual ash to an ash removal conveyor (74). Nozzles (82) combust a portion of the generated gas to inhibit condensation of vaporized constituents. A second stage, combustion chamber (C) completely combusts the generated gas to derive useful work therefrom.

Abstract: For continuous combustion air control in a hazardous waste incinerator, two signals are generated which totalize the air required on a fuel supplied basis. One signal is responsive to measured totalized fuel flow and this total can include fuel flow signals which are limited to the fraction of available air which corresponds to the fuel flow. The other signal is responsive to the totalized fuel flow that is commanded for maintaining an incinerator condition. In use the signal which requires the greater air flow is selected as the actual control signal for combustion air, and this control signal is biased to increase the air flow to obtain complete combustion of the hazardous waste by a controller acting on the measured amount of oxygen in the flue gas. In this manner the combustion air is manipulated in parallel with the waste fuel and if the fuel flow is limited by the available air, the air flow is limited to match the limited fuel flow.

Abstract: Waste conversion system with a low-temperature carbonizing chamber heated by flue gases and with a gas purification plant, in which, for removing problematic substances, the low-temperature carbonizing chamber is heated by flue gases of a high-temperature melting chamber which is supplied with, in particular, liquid wastes. The flue gases, after leaving the low-temperature carbonizing chamber, are conducted to the gas purification plant. The low-temperature carbonizing gases are conducted into the melting chamber.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for incinerating low density organic materials using a pair of side by side multiple hearth furnaces are disclosed. The first furnace of the pair operates in a temperature-controlled reducing atmosphere to achieve complete volatilization of non-fixed carbon contained in the fuel feed stock. The second furnace operates in a temperature-controlled oxidizing atmosphere to achieve complete oxidation of all fixed-carbon contained in the char output of the first furnace. The gaseous products of both furnaces are combined and burned in a low - Btu gas burner, thus providing the heat input to a power boiler or other process suited to the heat quality produced.

Abstract: An improved stack construction for an incinerator. A layer of refractory material is disposed on the inner surface of the stack and an elongated tubular member is positioned longitudinally within the stack and spaced from the layer of refractory material to provide an annular passage therebetween. An air supply conduit is connected to one end of the tubular member, while the opposite end of the tubular member is closed. The tubular member is provided with a plurality of outlet ports disposed along a length of the tubular member with the outlet ports facing laterally outward and downwardly to direct air toward the refractory liner and in contact with the waste gases passing upwardly through the annular passage to thereby increase the turbulence of the waste gases and provide an increased efficiency of combustion.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for incinerating combustible gases. The apparatus has first and second perpendicularly joined pipes and an igniter in the second pipe. Combustible gases laminarly flow into the second pipe and oxygen turbulently flows into the first. The gases turbulently mix, ignite and centrifugally swirl from the first pipe to the second pipe and then out the first pipe again. Fuel flow is regulated by flame, temperature and seismic detectors.

Abstract: A butterfly-type step subassembly includes a substantially planar valve disc member having a peripheral groove formed in opposite surfaces thereof. Projecting inwardly from the internal walls of the subassembly housing are two non-coplanar, generally semicircular valve seat members having passageway(s) in them communicating outside the housing with a source of purified gas(es). The passageways terminate interiorly in apertures in respective recesses in the seat members positioned to be brought into communication with said grooves when said valve disc member is in substantial contact with said seat members. Means are provided to supply said purified gas(es) to said passageways in response to the movement of said planar disc member to the nominally closed position so that said gas(es) flow into the contact region between the disc and seat members under sufficient pressure to prevent said effluent from flowing through said valve when nominally closed.

Abstract: A regenerative system for purifying mixtures of air and impurities by a combination process. The system includes a plurality of fixed bed regenerative heat exchangers connected to a common combustion chamber. Each of the heat exchangers includes means for diverting selected portions of the gases flowing therethrough out of heat exchange relationship with the heat exchange packing or bed therein. This permits the system to operate with incoming air-impurities mixtures containing high levels of combustibles without generating undesirably high temperatures or changing the mass flow rate through the system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of destroying hazardous waste, by means of under-stoichiometric incineration at a temperature of at least 1200.degree. C., the ratio between injected waste material and oxidant being regulated to give a quotient CO.sub.2 /(CO+CO.sub.2) of less than 0.1.

Abstract: The wet method of combusting organic material dispersed in a liquid comprising waste liquor from wood pulping processes in which the organic material is oxidized by contact with air or other oxygenating gases at a temperature ranging between 180.degree. C. and 340.degree. C. and a correspondingly superatmospheric pressure.