Abstract: The invention relates to a method of destroying hazardous waste, by means of under-stoichiometric incineration at a temperature of at least 1200.degree. C., the ratio between injected waste material and oxidant being regulated to give a quotient CO.sub.2 /(CO+CO.sub.2) of less than 0.1.

Abstract: A nozzle plate construction for underjet coke ovens for distributing and metering combustion-supporting air supplied upwardly to regenerators through a sole flue extending parallel to the chamber axis. The sole flue is closed at the top by plate elements having apertures therein. In accordance with the invention, the various plate elements are in the form of troughs having plane base plates each formed with one longitudinal gap therein. Associated with each longitudinal gap is a metering element so mounted at its ends so as to be adjustable in its distance from the plane of the base plate. In this manner, the air flowing upwardly into the regenerator sections can be accurately controlled and uniformly distributed. At the same time, the nozzle plate construction of the invention is light in weight while being very stable and easy to assemble.

Abstract: Separation of the apparatus for drying and degassing organic waste from the shaft furnace containing a gasification chamber and a combustion chamber increases the through-put capability of the shaft furnace gasification. The gasification is promoted by the addition, in the same direction of flow as the partly carbonized waste material, of a gas such as air, steam, carbon dioxide or oxygen adjusted in accordance with the changes in composition of the material that is gasified. The drying and degassing chamber is a rotary drum feeding the dried and degassed material into the top of the shaft furnace. An intermediate chamber may be imposed between the rotary drum and the shaft furnace at the top of the shaft furnace so that a sieve can separate incombustible material such as metal parts for withdrawal through a gas-tight sluice.

Abstract: An apparatus for recovering energy from pyrolyzable, carbonaceous waste materials, for example household refuse, comprising a rotary tube reactor (4) adapted to be charged with the waste materials and producing, as products, a (low temperature) carbonization gas and a pyrolytic coke at a reaction temperature of above 200.degree. C.; a fluidized bed or swirling layer gasifier adapted to be supplied with an oxygen-containing gasifying agent, the pyrolytic coke and, optionally, waste materials and from which exit a hot gas having a temperature of between 400.degree. and 1000.degree. C. and an inert ash. Further, the system includes cleaning stages (8, 20) for the carbonization gas, connected subsequent to the rotary tube reactor and the gasifier (14), and further a combustion device (24) for the cleaned gases, as a part of a boiler system.

Abstract: Inexpensive process for synthetic fuel production, contained fluidized-bed burner, pyrolysis reactor with layer of fuel & hot material mixture and hot material circulation system.Fuel is heating up to pyrolysis temperature by surrounded hot material in layer. Volatile matter, evacuated from pyrolyser to cooler, is used for synthetic fuel production. Warm mixture of char and bed material is returned to fluidized bed for burning. Heat of burned char used for circulated material heat up and for steam generation. Hot material from fluidized bed is transported to pyrolyser and, after mixing with fuel form layer in pyrolyser.The process may be used for utilization of extremely wide range of fuels. For fuels with low value of fixed carbon content, oil shale for example, the process may be used solely for synthetic fuel production; for coals only part of fuel energy may be transfer to synthetic fuel, rest have to be used for steam generation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for combusting coal containing more than 1 wt. % sulfur which process comprises (a) providing a coal containing more than 1 wt. % sulfur and containing an organically bound calcium to sulfur ratio of at least about 0.8 to 1, (b) burning the coal to about 80% to 95% carbon conversion at temperatures greater than about 1,100.degree. C. in a first combustion zone in the presence of an oxidizing agent but under reducing conditions such that the equivalence ratio of coal to oxidizing agent is less than 1.5 but greater than or equal to 1.0, (c) separating the resulting solid effluent from the gaseous effluent from the first combustion zone, and (d) burning the gaseous effluent at a temperature from about 1,000.degree. C. to about 1,500.degree. C. in a second combustion zone under oxidizing conditions. A substantial amount of the sulfur of the coal is captured in the resulting solid effluent.

Abstract: Reduction of nitrogen oxide emissions from thermal incinerators is accomplished in installations for calcining solid carbonaceous materials such as petroleum coke and anthracite coal. A hot effluent gas stream containing hydrocarbon vapors and entrained carbonaceous solid particles is removed from the calciner, and means are provided to effect preliminary combustion of the hydrocarbon vapors but not the carbonaceous solid particles in the gas stream using substantially the stoichiometric amount of combustion air. The resultant gas that is substantially free of hydrocarbons and oxygen is introduced into the thermal incinerator, and combustion of the carbonaceous solid particles is effected with additional combustion air.

Abstract: A process for the carbonization of oil shale and/or other carbonizable materials, including a process line serving for carbonization, with a closed cycle and without condensate recovery, wherein the materials flowing through the process line are heated to the carbonization temperature through heat exchange. Coming into consideration as further carbonizable materials are fuels which are high in inerts such as, for example, bituminous rock, oil-containing fuller's earth, high-ash coal, oil sands, refuse and the like.

Abstract: Apparatus for incinerating and gasifying biomass material by employing a flight conveyor having an upper run traversing a horizontal, perforated upper grate and a lower run traversing a perforated lower grate which is parallel to and beneath the upper grate, the material being continuously deposited on the upper grate and urged continuously across it by the upper run in a bed wherein the material is pyrolyzed into char and combustible gas and then being deposited on the lower grate in a bed continuously urged by the lower run over a source of air beneath the lower grate so that the char is continuously oxidized by air from the source producing hot products which pass upwardly from the lower grate through the bed on the upper grate, filtering particulates from the products and providing heat for the pyrolysis, and then sequentially over a source of steam beneath the lower grate so that the char continuously reacts with steam from the source to generate water gas which is collected substantially unmixed with ot

Abstract: A coal gasifying burner characterized by a rotating grill which is composed of grill disks arranged on two pipes with a narrow gap between the grills and which rotates very slowly inwards when viewed from the top sloped side walls made of metal sheet having a sloper compatible with coal flow, a cylindrical jacket placed around the periphery of the nozzle which delivers combustion air to the burner, gasification of a quantity of coal located on the sloping side walls around a narrow area where coal combustion takes place, and combustion of the generated coal gas outside of the burner by secondary air which cools the system and gets heated itself by the coal cooking process.

Abstract: Pyrolyzing pulverized coal to form char and volatiles, separating the char from the volatiles, burning the char in heat-transfer relationship with a stoichiometric excess of air, forming thereby ash and a mixture of gases, the excess of air being chosen to produce in the ash a temperature below the fusion temperature thereof, separating the mixture of gases from the ash, and thereafter burning the volatiles in the mixture of gases.

Abstract: A heating assembly and a method for burning fuel of organic origin, includes a substantially enclosed hollow assembly including a predetermined region within the assembly for receiving the fuel for ignition purposes, a first oxygen supply device for supplying the predetermined region with oxygen at least at a rate adequate for producing a gas flow of distilled-off gases, air gases and combustion gases from the ignited fuel, an elongated outer shell disposed within the predetermined region and having a plurality of passages for dividing the gas flow into a plurality of streamlets, an elongated inner shell, having an inlet and an outlet, disposed within the outer shell and defining a space between the inner and outer shells, the space communicating with the inlet, the streamlets being recombined into a gas stream in the space, a second oxygen supply device for supplying the inner shell with oxygen near its inlet for burning the stream of gas; and an exhaust conduit communicating with the outlet for exhausting t

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for converting a substance containing organic matter into hydrocarbon vapors and solids residue by feeding the substance into the upstream portion of a substantially cylindrical retort having a substantially horizontal longitudinal axis, substantially conveying the substance through the retort toward the downstream portion thereof, heating the retort by means of a fluidized bed of heated particles to a sufficient temperature to convert the substance into hydrocarbon vapors and solids residue and removing the hydrocarbon vapors and solids residue from the retort.