Abstract: A waste treatment process includes charging a reactor container (12) with a reactant alkaline metal alloy (10) and isolating the reactant alloy from oxygen gas. After heating the reactant alloy (10) in the reactor container (2) to a minimum of 770 degrees Celsius, a waste material is introduced into the molten alloy, preferably below the surface of the alloy. The waste material is pyrolized in the reactant alloy (10) to produce useful chlorine salts and other materials. The reactant alloy (10) includes magnesium and/or lithium, aluminum, zinc, calcium, and copper.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for fabricating high density monolithic metal and oy billets. The process requires preheating precursor materials of metal or alloy billets by means of a combustion synthesis called Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis (SHS). The reaction takes place in an insulated reaction vessel where the precursors, in a powder form, are heated to high temperatures. The precursors are then compacted to high density by means of pressure waves generated by detonation of an explosive. The method is capable of producing high purity tungsten and tungsten-based alloys of greater than 90% theoretical density.

Abstract: The method and equipment are proposed for wastes thermal destruction on the surface of a bath of melted metal and slag with a heating in plasma jets and the off-gas bubbling through a bath of melted slag, including a plasma hose generated in waste introduction zone which prevents the coming waste from contact with cooled units of the facility; thus, the reliable destruction of bacteria contaminated and toxic wastes are provided. The plasma hose is generated by the coaxial plasma torch with the hollow central electrode through which the wastes are fed. The units for a regular bacteriological examination of waste treatment products are also provided when the processed wastes are infectious wastes generated by medical and veterinary institutions.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the volume reduction and processing of solid organic waste, in particular ion exchange media from nuclear facilities containing sulfur or chlorine. A method and apparatus for the volume reduction of nuclear waste is disclosed comprising: subjecting the waste to pyrolysis in a pyrolysis vessel, and gasifying the solid pyrolysis residue in a steam reformer to remove residual carbon. A further method and apparatus for the processing of nuclear waste is disclosed comprising: grinding the nuclear waste, addition of iron powder, pyrolysis, gasification of the pyrolysis residue, and combustion in a submerged bed heater. An evaporator cools gases from the submerged bed heater. Off gases from the evaporator are treated by a fiber bed scrubber to remove acids.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a process for disposing of materials which are explosive active masses and/or contain them comprising the following steps:feeding the materials to be disposed off in a rotary cylindrical furnace (1), conveying the materials into a reaction zone and simultaneously forming compartments of the materials during conveyance, with the materials being thermally reacted in an oxygen-containing environment and the reaction products being fractionately discharged in the form of solid, liquid and gaseous products.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for enclosing, controlling and suppressing the explosive destruction of munitions, including cluster-bomb munitions by detonation in an explosion chamber. The apparatus comprises a double-walled steel explosion chamber in which the of the chamber walls and access doors are filled with granular shock damping silica sand. The floor of the chamber is covered with granular shock-damping pea gravel. An array of vent pipes vents the chamber into manifolds leading to a scrubber for further cooling and environmental treatment of the gaseous combustion products. Within the chamber, plastic bags of water are suspended over the detonation. A munition to be destroyed is placed within an open-topped manganese steel fragmentation containment unit, which is then placed within the chamber under a woven steel blast mat secured to the chamber roof.

Abstract: The specification describes a system for the thermal treatment of energetic materials which generate a tremendous volume of gaseous products upon combustion. The system includes a containment system which maintains an interface between hot exhaust gas products and a cooler gas, yet allows the relatively slow removal and treatment of the exhaust gas products from the containment system while permitting the inflow of gas into the containment system to replace an equivalent volume of exhaust gas products removed therefrom.

Abstract: A modular system using molten aluminum alloy for degradation of wastes to innocuous molecular products using a central molten alloy heat source unit and separate reactor units for differing wastes. The molten alloy is pumped to the reactor units and returns by gravity flow to the central heat source which is maintained at about 850 to 950 degrees centigrade.

Abstract: The specification describes a system for the thermal treatment of energetic materials which generate a tremendous volume of gaseous products upon combustion. The system includes a containment system which maintains an interface between hot exhaust gas products and a cooler gas, yet allows the relatively slow removal and treatment of the exhaust gas products from the containment system while permitting the inflow of gas into the containment system to replace an equivalent volume of exhaust gas products removed therefrom.

Abstract: Plasma energy recycle and conversion (PERC) reactor and process for disposal of energetics such as solid rocket propellants, liquid rocket fuel, chemical agents such as nerve gas, industrial waste such as paint sludge, medical waste or any aqueous/organic liquid or slurry that is pumpable and for separation/consolidation/conversion of low-level radioactive waste or mixed waste incorporating an induction coupled plasma heat source, insulated primary and secondary reaction chambers and associated peripheral control, process and filter devices.

Abstract: A reactive waste deactivation facility capable of continuously processing a wide spectrum of hazardous waste includes a building having an outer perimeter defined by a plurality of deactivation bays each including means for deactivating hazardous wastes. One or more expansion chambers are surrounded by the plurality of bays and are commonly connected to an air pollution control system. The deactivation bays are connected with the expansion chamber by means of plurality of expansion ducts each having closable exhaust ports therein such that each inactive deactivation bay may be isolated from the expansion chamber when one active bay is in operation. A computer control system provides for sequencing of operation of said deactivation means in the plurality of bays, as well as among other things, controlling the exhaust ports, to effect continuous processing of hazardous wastes in order to provide a selected output of emission gases to said expansion chamber and air pollution control system.

Abstract: A mobile incinerator suitable for burning explosive material, has armored walls capable of withstanding internal explosions, a primary combustion chamber within which initial burning of the material to be incinerated takes place, a secondary combustion chamber to burn exhaust from the primary combustion chamber a second time to reduce pollution and safety hazards, and a trailer for providing transportation. The armored walls may include steel plates reinforced by steel channel beams. The mobile incinerator includes: vents for allowing air and exhaust to pass into; between and out of the combustion chambers, assisted by a draft induction fan, with flammable fluid delivered to and ignited within the combustion chambers; pressure release hatches; a loading cart mounted on telescoping rails by which material to be incinerated can be inserted through an opening; refractory material lining the primary combustion chamber; an exterior shell of aluminum sheeting; and a control system powered by a generator.

Abstract: An installation for the batchwise destruction of noxious materials is described. The noxious material is fed batchwise into a combustion furnace holding a burning coal bed which induces combustion or detonation and also serves as damper for explosion fragments. Burning combustion gases are withdrawn from the upper part of the furnace and conducted while burning to a gas/solid separator. Optionally the burnt out combustion gases are bubbled through water or aqueous solution for the absorption of poisonous gas components and an essentially clean carbon dioxide/air mixture is discharged to the atmosphere.

Abstract: The description relates to a plant and process for incinerating explosives. In the process, the explosives are burned in a incineration reactor (1) in which the gaseous reaction products (flue gases) thus produced are mixed with fresh or make-up air (5), cooled by this mixing process and then discharged from the incineration reactor (1). In order to improve the thermo-energetic efficiency of the above process, the gas mixture (2) discharged from the incineration reactor is taken to the combustion chamber (3) of a fuel (4) burning plant (11). To this end, the plant for incinerating explosives of the invention comprises an incineration reactor (1) in which the explosives (13) are burned with the generation of flue gas which, as described above, is mixed with fresh or make-up air (5) and then discharged from the incineration reactor (1) via gas pipes.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for enclosing, controlling and suppressing the detonation of explosives in an explosion chamber is disclosed. The device comprises an elongate double-walled steel explosion chamber anchored to a concrete foundation, and having a double-walled access door for charging new workpieces, and a double-walled vent door for discharging the products of the explosion. The double walls of the chamber, access door and vent door are filled with granular shock damping material such as silica sand, and the floor of the chamber is covered with granular shock-damping bed such as pea gravel. Along the outside of the chamber are steel manifolds from which a linear array of vent pipes penetrates the double walls of the chamber, with each pipe terminating in a hardened steel orifice through which the explosion combustion products pass. Within the chamber, plastic polymer film bags containing water are suspended from steel wires over the explosive material, and at each end of the chamber.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for burning combustible material are provided. The apparatus has a combustion chamber with an intake and an exhaust end, a means for injecting combustible material into the intake end of the chamber, a means for igniting the combustible material to generate a flame front, and a means for providing a variance in pressure in the chamber between the intake end and the ignition means, so that a flame front is held substantially stationary in the chamber adjacent the pressure variance means. In its most preferred mode, the apparatus and method may be used for burning energetic materials which, due to their highly volatile and reactive properties, present unique hazards above and beyond those encountered with less reactive non-energetic combustible materials.

Abstract: The invention described herein provides a method and apparatus for the treatment of explosive waste. The method involves the use of a vessel containing a hot granular bed such as sand to ignite the waste and to dampen explosive forces generated by the ignition of the waste. When the waste contains non-combustible components, the granular bed serves to decrease the force of impact of the non-combustible materials on the vessel walls thereby increasing the life of the vessel and as a media for collection of the non-combustible materials. The granular bed may be removed from the chamber, the non-combustible material separated, and the bed returned in a continuous or intermittent recycle for an efficient operation which conserves the bed material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and an installation for destroying munitions containing toxic agent. The process comprises equipping the munitions with a pyrotechnic fragmentation device and submerging in a pool which is filled with a liquid for neutralizing the toxic agent, closing the pool with a lid so that the pool is sealed with respect to toxic emanation, and igniting the pyrotechnic device so that the munitions is fragmented and releases the toxic agent into the pool. After the fragmentation of the munitions is neutralized with the neutralizing liquid, the pool is reopened for another cycle of destruction. The advantage is of completely destroying the munitions in a single operation cycle without the risk of contamination. The invention is applicable to the destruction of munitions containing chemical or bacteriological toxic agents.

Abstract: A reactor includes a bulk waste inlet and a gas outlet. A baffle within the reactor has a lower edge which can be immersed by a molten metal bath within the reactor. The baffle partitions are gaseous volume above the molten metal bath into a first region, proximate to the bulk waste inlet, and a second region, proximate to the gas outlet. The gas conduit extends from the first region to a portion of the reactor beneath the second region. Gas is directed from the first region through the gas conduit to a portion of the molten metal bath beneath the second region. The gas pressure is thereby equalized above the molten metal bath in the first and second regions during dissociation of bulk waste directed into the first region.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for treating materials that present disposal problems is provided. The treatment takes place within an aqueous stream and in an oxygen-deficient multiple zone system, and results in the thermal decomposition and/or separation of components within the treated material. The apparatus and method of this invention may be used for the treatment of non-hazardous and hazardous waste, including organic and inorganic compounds, radioactive materials, toxic compounds, binary chemicals (such as nerve gas) and heavy metals, prior to disposal.

Abstract: A method for the processing of solid organic sulfur-containing waste, in particular ion exchange media, from nuclear facilities, which method comprises that in a first step a) the waste is subjected to pyrolysis at the most at 700.degree. C. in a step b) the gas resulting from step a) is subjected to pyrolysis, in an optional step c) the gas resulting from step b) is exposed to a reductant bed, and in a step d) the gas from step b) or alternatively step c) is exposed to a bed of sulphide-forming metal to form metal sulphides and easily manageable harmless gases. Apparatus for carrying out the method comprises A) a pyrolysis reactor for the solid waste, B) a pyrolysis reactor for the gas from A), C) optionally, a reductant bed, and D) a bed of sulfur-forming metal for the gas from B) or C).

Abstract: A device for incinerating solid and/or liquid toxic substances, especially projectiles filled with chemical warfare agents. Because the ammunition to be incinerated may have been inadvertently not disarmed the incinerator plant must be able to withstand an operating pressure of at least 40 bar. The incineration includes a rotatably mounted unit consisting of a rotary tubular kiln, an afterburning chamber, and a waste heat boiler. The unit is designed in a corresponding pressure-proof manner, and the rotary tubular kiln as well as the afterburning chamber are lined with refractory material. The operating pressure is generated by a compressor arranged upstream of the incinerator plant, and it is released by an expander arranged downstream of the entire plant.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for combustion systems wherein fuel may be burned completely with use of air as the oxidant, without the necessity for completely mixing the fuel with the air before, during, or after the combustion process. A bed of readily reducible metal oxide, the reduced form of this metal oxide being readily oxidized, is placed within a combustion system. The air and fuel are contacted with the bed at an elevated temperature, with the metal oxide oxidizing the fuel and being regenerated by the air. In one embodiment, complete combustion of fuel occurs without complete mixing of fuel and air. In other embodiments fuel can be burned with little or no mixing with a the combustion process, or fuel can be burned with little or no mixing with air, before, during, or after the combustion process, thereby avoiding a number of disadvantages of such mixing.

Abstract: An installation is provided for the deflagration of explosives. The installation includes a splinter and explosive-proof tunnel housing having open ends and receiving a deflagration reactor positioned inside the tunnel housing and having an entry passageway and entry zone, a deflagration zone and an exit zone and exit passageway. A conveyor device extends from outside the reactor and into and through and out of the reactor and includes a plurality of carriers movable along the conveyor device for receiving and transporting explosives into and through the entry zone and into the reactor zone for ignition and burning of the explosives in the reactor zone. Each of the carriers includes a device for closing in substantially air-tight manner the entry passage and the exit passage as the carrier moves through the reactor. Devices cooperate with the device for closing the entry passageway and the exit passageway for allowing a controllable residual airflow through the reactor.

Abstract: In order to work up pyrotechnical material, I. the pyrotechnical material is burned in a controlled manner, the slag is optionally allowed to continue reacting and the crude gas formed is passed through a high-temperature region in which the gas is exposed to a temperature of at least 1200.degree. C. over a predetermined period in order to decompose organic substances still present; II. the crude gas formed during the combustion is cooled to a temperature below 400.degree. C.; III. the crude gas is purified under dry conditions by first feeding it into a preliminary separator, coarse particles being separated off, and then feeding the crude gas via fine dust filters in order to separate off finely divided solids and/or IV. the crude gas is optionally purified under wet conditions by first passing it through a rotary scrubber and then passing it via one or more absorption units and V. the purified gas is released as waste air.

Abstract: An installation for the destruction of solid fuel rocket engines. The installation comprises a pressure and temperature resistant vessel having a neck portion and a gas chamber portion with heat dissipating means. In operation the rocket engine is gripped in the neck portion and upon ignition of the solid fuel combustion gases are discharged into the gas chamber. Means are provided for the controlled discharge of combustion gases into a gas disposal device.

Abstract: Equipment and process for dissolving a metal container filled with ultra hazardous liquids and gases underneath a molten alloy surface at a temperature of about 800.degree. C. in order to completely molecularly decompose and react resultant product of the hazardous liquids and gases to allow environmentally safe discharge of the final non-hazardous products.

Abstract: A lance for submerged injection of a feed composition, such as a waste, into a molten metal bath includes a perforate refractory tube which extends substantially coaxially about an injection tube. The perforate refractory tube shields the injection tube from the molten metal bath during partial submersion of the lance into the molten metal bath. A perforate support liner extends between the injection tube and the perforate refractory tube and supports the perforate refractory tube. The perforate support liner and the injection tube define an annulus. The method includes conducting a coolant from a coolant source through the annulus to perforations defined by the perforate support liner and the perforate refractory tube, whereby coolant can be directed through the perforations and into the molten metal bath to cause a protective coating of metal to form on the lance.

Abstract: Equipment and process for using molten alloy in a low oxygen atmosphere for destruction of hazardous compounds and partial or complete extraction of heavy metals in slurries and solids with continuous discharge of undissolved solids and aqueous scrubbing of off-gas from the unit.

Abstract: A carrier is provided as a part of a conveyor in an installation for burning away or deflagration of explosives. The carrier includes a base plate and a vat of scale and temperature-proof or resistant material mounted on the base plate for containing the explosives. The installation for the deflagration includes a deflagration reactor through which the carriers passes one after another in assembly-line operation through an entry zone and an exit zone. The invention is characterized in that the vat is mounted in spaced relation from the base plate by pillar-like supports which are distributed symmetrically on the area of the vat bottom; and in that a vertically upright bulkhead wall is arranged at least at one face of the base plate. The width and height dimensions of the bulkhead wall are such that they close the entry zone and the exit in substantially air tight manner toward the outside.

Abstract: The system (10) for collecting and disposing of contaminated waste products such as medical sharps and other medical wastes includes a housing (11) and its telescopic cover (9) which are fabricated of biodegradable and combustible material such as natural cellulose and non-natural cellulose. An absorbent biodegradable and combustible absorption package (30) or insert (35) can be placed in the bottom of the holding chamber (12) for absorbing any liquids emitted from the sharps and other wastes, and for enhancing the combustion of the medical sharps and other wastes when the housing is placed in a furnace. When the housing is burned it evolves no more than trace levels of sulfur or chlorine and yields substantially only biodegradable ash.

Abstract: Mixed waste containing organic constituents and low level radioactive waste is remediated in a circulating fluidized bed combustor. Three separators are used to filter the flue gas and separate fine radioactive material from coarse non-radioactive material thereby concentrating the radioactive portion. A primary separator separates large material such as sand, lime, flyash or unburned fuel particles from the flue gas leaving the furnace of the combustor. The flue gas is then passed to a secondary separator for the collection of finer particles. In turn, the flue gas is passed to a tertiary separator for the collection of the finest particles of the flue gas containing low level radioactive waste. Solids entrained in the primary separator are recycled back into the bed of the combustor through an L-valve. Solids entrained at the secondary separator are also recycled back into the bed.

Abstract: Apparatus for heating an object such as a nuclear target bundle to release and recover hydrogen and contain the disposable residue for disposal. The apparatus comprises an inverted furnace, a sleeve/crucible assembly for holding and enclosing the bundle, conveying equipment for placing the sleeve onto the crucible and loading the bundle into the sleeve/crucible, a lift for raising the enclosed bundle into the furnace, and hydrogen recovery equipment including a trap and strippers, all housed in a containment having negative internal pressure. The crucible/sleeve assembly has an internal volume that is sufficient to enclose and hold the bundle before heating; the crucible's internal volume is sufficient by itself to hold and enclose the bundle's volume after heating. The crucible can then be covered and disposed of; the sleeve, on the other hand, can be reused.

Abstract: An apparatus for combustion of viscous liquids such as tar from gas filters or the like includes a tank with heating elements, a burner unit and pipe connecting the burner with the tank. The pipe extends into the tank, and an end of the pipe within the tank is connected to a dosage pump of the displacement type.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for reducing the volume of a radioactive composition by separating a radioactive first component from a second component of the radioactive composition. The method includes directing the radioactive composition into a reaction zone. The reaction zone includes a molten bath, wherein oxidation of a component of the radioactive composition in the molten bath will cause separation of the radioactive first component from the second component. An oxidizing agent is directed into the molten bath, which oxidizes a component of the radioactive composition, whereby the radioactive first component is separated from the second component. The net volume of the radioactive composition is thereby reduced.

Abstract: A waste treatment furnace comprises a crucible equipped with heating means, a waste intake duct opening into the bottom of the crucible, a duct for removing matter from a bath opening into the crucible at a level above the level of the opening of the waste intake duct, the upper part of the furnace defining a chamber which communicates at the top with a duct for the effluent gases, an inlet ramp for a flushing gas opening into the combustion chamber.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for incinerating burnable wastes, such as plastics, and to the treatment of the gases generated by such incineration. The waste materials are buried in a landfill, combustion is initiated with an explosion which simultaneously creates a combustion chamber as well as initiating incineration. A fuel and an oxidizing gas are supplied to the combustion chamber and conduits are provided for discharging the gases formed during the incineration process. The angle of introduction of the fuel and/or fuel and air mixture controls the direction of the incineration process. Landfill gases can be fed into the fuel conduit pipe for utilization as a combustion fuel. In addition, when using a liquid fuel, good results have been achieved by combining a suspension of a carbonate or bicarbonate in the fuel which serves to reduce chloride gases such as phosgene which are generated during the decomposition of plastics such as polyvinylchloride.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed wherein toxic and nuclear waste are pumped in a metered fashion or introduced through a sealing door into a plasma region. The plasma region is generated in a sealed chamber by a radio frequency plasma torch. In the plasma region the toxic waste is atomized and ionized. The recombining of the atomized and ionized molecules is managed in the sealed reaction chamber to yield environmentally neutral products. Encapsulation material that is either introduced into the process chamber with the waste or is resident in the process chamber encapsulates radioactive or heavy metal atoms in a glassy stone like material. This encapsulating renders the atoms environmentally neutral. The flow of material in and out of the reaction chamber are regulated carefully. The radio frequency power level is also carefully controlled. These controls insure the neutrality of the recombining products. The fluids exiting the chamber are filtered before release, to insure environmental neutrality.

Abstract: Detoxification apparatus for disposing of toxic waste material by incineration includes a closed reactive vessel (3) having an inlet (5) and an outlet (7). Waste material is introduced into the vessel in a fluid state and a laser (19) or other energy beam produces a high energy beam within the vessel. The waste material passes through the beam and the beam energy creates very high temperatures within the material that incinerates or ionizes the toxic waste. The detoxified material is electrolyzed and removed from the vessel for further processing.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the combustion in an incineration device of noxious noncondensable gases produced in a pulp mill comprising the use of a novel injection nozzle, said nozzle comprising a tubular conduit means, an insulating inner jacket surrounding said conduit means, and an outer cooling jacket surrounding said inner jacket. Increased nozzle life is obtained.

Abstract: A method is described for environmentally sound usage of combustible hazardous waste in an operating rotary kiln. The method is particularly adapted for disposal of solid hazardous wastes, optionally in the form of a blended waste homogenate, packaged in sealable containers. The containers are used as fuel modules and charged into a rotary kiln cylinder where kiln gas temperatures range from about 950.degree. to about 1200.degree. C. to achieve high destruction and removal efficiencies.

Abstract: A hazardous waste incinerator is provided herein. The incinerator includes a sealed, inner incineration chamber which is either made from, or which is lined with a non-porous, impervious corrosion-resistant lining, the inner incineration chamber including a means for supporting hazardous waste to be incinerated, and a recirculating blower. An insulated outer combustion chamber is provided in sealed, spaced-apart relationship to the inner incineration chamber. The heat produced in the outer combustion chamber induces incineration of hazardous waste in the incinerator chamber, the products of incineration of the hazardous waste being separate and distinct from the products of combustion in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A method is described for environmentally sound usage of combustible hazardous waste in an operating rotary kiln. The method is particularly adapted for disposal of solid hazardous wastes, optionally in the form of a blended waste homogenate, packaged in sealable containers. The containers are used as fuel modules and charged into a rotary kiln cylinder where kiln gas temperatures range from about 950.degree. to about 1200.degree. C. to achieve high destruction and removal efficiencies.

Abstract: A method of stopping combustion in a restrained combustion furnace in which wastes to be incinerated are gasified and then burnt with an air amount lower than a theoretical combustion air amount, in case of emergency, the method including steps of shutting off a combustion air supply line connected to the restrained combustion furnace, simultaneously feeding inert gas to lower portions and an outlet side of the furnace, and opening a bypass line connected to an upper portion of the furnace to flow gas in the furnace through a filter to a waste gas stack, thereby safely stopping the combustion in the restrained combustion furnace in case of emergency.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for vitrifying inorganic hazardous material including heavy metals from waste containing organic and inorganic substances. The inorganic hazardous material is retained and vitrified in the slag layer of a cyclone furnace where it is converted to a nonleachable, inert form for safe disposal in conventional landfills and where, simultaneously, organic hazardous substances are completely destroyed.

Abstract: A method for disposing of medical waste materials comprises placing waste materials into a container, sealing the container, placing the sealed container into a melting furnace together with metal, and heating the furnace to a temperature sufficient to completely combust or melt the container and the waste materials. An apparatus for disposing of medical waste material has a container with an opening in its top surface and a lid for sealing the container. The container is supported by a support stand including a base, a cover for closing the opening of the container, and a pedal for moving the cover between an open and a closed position.

Abstract: Process for the treatment of a hazardous material containing a thermochemically destructible component comprising contacting the material with a carbon char, thereafter loading the carbon char into a reaction vessel having two ends, initiating a flame front at one end of the loaded vessel, introducing an oxidant to the other end of the vessel, and allowing the flame front to move through the carbon char in the direction of the end through which the oxidant is introduced and away from the end at which the flame front was initiated.

Abstract: It has been found that trace concentrations of organic materials, including toxic organic compounds, oxidize slowly. Safe and reliable incineration of toxic organic compounds at low concentration is provided by injecting a clean fuel such as H.sub.2, CH.sub.4, or CO into the incinerator combustion chamber to promote rapid oxidation of the toxic organic compounds. It is believed that the clean fuel added to the combustion effluents raises the total concentration of fuel and organic materials above the second oxidation threshold so that the toxic organic compounds are rapidly destroyed.

Abstract: A process for the thermal destruction of waste materials of unknown volatility disposed within a container, the process comprising the steps of (a) placing the open container in a combustion chamber of a pyrolysis furnace; (b) providing the pyrolysis furnace with a reducing atmosphere and raising the temperature in the pyrolysis furnace to remove volatile components of the material until a preselected temperature is reached; (c) maintaining the temperature in the pyrolysis furnace while controllably adding air until all the combustible materials are pyrolyzed; (d) continuing to add air during a final oxidation period to achieve combustion of all nonvolatile combustible materials; and (e) processing all volatilized materials in a secondary combustor fluidly communicating with the pyrolysis furnace.

Abstract: A process for combustion of ion-exchange resin which comprises introducing an ion-exchange resin and air into a fluidized bed reaction zone which is heated to initially combust said resin and thereafter contacting soot and other unburned materials from said fluidized bed reaction zone, in a region above the fluidized bed reaction zone, with a catalyst to effect further catalytic combustion.