Abstract: Method and apparatus for treating waste materials to produce aggregates wherein pellets comprised of a mixture of solids, liquid wastes and clay are dried by hot air in a dryer. The pellets are then fed to the pyrolysis zone of a rotary kiln wherein they are heated by hot gas from an oxidation zone of the kiln to drive off most of the volatile gases. Remaining volatile gases and the fixed carbon in the waste are oxidized in the oxidation zone, and the silicates in the clay are vitrified in a vitrification zone of the kiln to produce aggregates which are crushed and screened. Volatile gases given off from the pyrolysis zone are mixed with exhaust gases from the dryer to feed the burner for the vitrification zone and to supply oxygen to the oxidation zone.

Abstract: Hazardous waste is formed into non-hazardous non-leaching aggregate by introducing the material to a rotary kiln where the large solids are at least partially combusted to form a primary aggregate. Gaseous combustion by-products and waste fines from the waste materials are introduced into at least one oxidizer having water-cooled metal walls. Some of the waste fines are melted to form a molten slag-like material that is removed from the apparatus and cooled to form non-hazardous aggregate. The portion of the material in the oxidizer that is not melted, is cooled, neutralized and subjected to a solid gas separation. The solid is reintroduced to the oxidizer with the primary aggregate where they are either melted or entrained within the molten material and become an integral part of the non-hazardous aggregate.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of cofiring hazardous organic waste in solid, pasty, greasy or sludge form by introducing it directly into the burning zone of an industrial rotary kiln and burning the waste in the burning zone simultaneously with cement, lime or lightweight aggregate. Specifically disclosed are five exemplary embodiments for introducing the waste directly into the burning zone of the kiln, i.e., (1) through a side opening in the kiln, (2) ballistically, (3) by pre-mixing with a powder or granular material and pneumatically injecting the non-sticky mixture, (4) by shredding steel drums containing the waste and thereafter separating the drum fragments and mixing the remaining waste with powder or granular material (i.e. as in (3) and (5) by pregasification of the waste.

Abstract: A method for the destruction of chemical stable waste by pyrolysis whereby heat is applied to the waste using at least one plasma torch formed of non-transferred arc plasma type. The waste generated inside a duct having an end orifice flows upward passing the orifice and toward the nozzle of the plasma torch, wherein the axis of the nozzle of the plasma torch and the axis of the orifice are substantially collinear. Gaseous and/or liquid waste products resulting from the heating step are subjected to expansion and combustion in the combustion chamber whereby gaseous products resulting from combustion and expansion are quenched and then washed.

Abstract: A hazardous waste disposal system includes a rotary kiln heated with an atomizing burner which mixes fuel such as diesel oil with air and injects the burning mixture into the kiln. An afterburner section is similarly fueled with an atomizing burner. An upstanding scrubber receives exit gases and removes particulate matter using water spray across multiple frusto conical shaped baffles on increasing diameter. Cyclone vanes produce a spinning effect to the exit gases during scrubbing.

Abstract: A method is described for environmentally sound usage of combustible hazardous waste in an operating rotary kiln. The method is particularly adapted for disposal of solid hazardous wastes, optionally in the form of a blended waste homogenate, packaged in sealable containers. The containers are used as fuel modules and charged into a rotary kiln cylinder where kiln gas temperatures range from about 950.degree. to about 1200.degree. C. to achieve high destruction and removal efficiencies.

Abstract: A vehicle-mounted system for removing hydrocarbon contaminants from the soil has an inclined rotary kiln which is rotated about a substantially horizontal axis of rotation, a burner assembly at the discharge end of the kiln and a hopper for loading soil into the inlet end to advance through the kiln and be directly heated by the burner assembly. The exhaust stream created in the kiln is drawn through a baghouse for removal of fines, then through the catalytic incinerator to burn any unburned constituents in the exhaust stream. The temperature of the exhaust stream is monitored prior to its passage into the incinerator and at the discharge end of the incinerator as well; and the concentration of hydrocarbon constituents in the exhaust stream is regulated either by introduction of air into the exhaust stream as it is discharged from the kiln or by recirculating a portion of the exhaust stream, after filtration, into the kiln.

Abstract: Mobile incinerating system for low level radioactive solid wastes, consisting of an installation mounted on a mobile platform and consisting of a rotating combustion chamber into which the wastes to be incinerated are to be inserted from a feeder equipped with a loader. The rotating chamber communicates with a post-combustion chamber. Between these two chambers there is a third gas transit chamber from which the ashes produced drop into a lower collector after having passed a tray fitted with two alternately operating gates. Downstream of the chambers there is a first dilutor followed by a heat exchanger associated with fans. Immediately downstream of the heat exchanger is a decanter followed by a second dilutor from which the gas mixture passes through filters. The level of activity of the gases is controlled by means of a monitor located downstream of the filter.

Abstract: A finned tube rotary combustor for a municipal solid waste incinerator having a plurality of finned tubes disposed in a circular array so that the fins of adjacent tubes register, but are separate and form a gap for combustion air to pass from a divided windbox into the rotary combustor, the finned tubes being connected at each end to a ring header and at intermediate locations by channel shaped circumferential bands that have an outer peripheral surface that is utilized as the running surface for windbox radial seals and has legs with scalloped distal margins fitted and welded to the outer periphery of the finned tube array.

Abstract: An incinerator for drying then cleanly burning trash. The incinerator includes an upper rotating trash drying tumbler for receiving and drying trash and a lower rotating trash burning tumbler interconnected to the upper tumbler for receiving dried trash therefrom. The lower rotating tumbler includes a meshed screen thereabout for complete combustion of the trash therein. The heat produced from the burning trash in the lower tumbler causes the drying of trash in the upper tumbler. A rotating fire tray is situated below the lower tumbler for collecting and reburning any material falling from the lower tumbler and for retaining combustible material for igniting the dried trash in the lower tumbler. When the interior temperature of the incinerator is high enough, the trash in the lower tumbler is self-ignited and heat produced from burning material in the fire tray is no longer necessary. Air exhausted from the drying and burning of the trash is filtered before being exhausted into the atmosphere.

Abstract: A method is described for environmentally sound usage of combustible hazardous waste in an operating rotary kiln. The method is particularly adapted for disposal of solid hazardous wastes, optionally in the form of a blended waste homoenate, packaged in sealable containers. The containers are used as fuel modules and charged into a rotary kiln cylinder where kiln gas temperatures range from about 950.degree. to about 1200.degree. C. to achieve high destruction and removal efficiencies.

Abstract: A thermal treatment process employs an indirectly fired rotary kiln in which matrix material contaminated with organic substances such as dioxins, PCBs, PAHs, fuel oils, and the like is heated as the material is advanced through the kiln to cause components of the organics to be released as vapor. Purge gas of low oxygen content is conducted through the kiln at a relatively low velocity of from about 0.5 ft./sec. to about 10 ft./sec. to gently sweep the vaporized components of the organic substances from the kiln and to minimize the entrainment of solid particulates, and to produce an off gas mixture including the vaporized components. The off gas is conditioned after removal from the kiln to render it acceptable for discharge to the atmosphere. The oxygen concentration in the kiln is maintained at a sufficiently low level to substantially prevent combustion of the vaporized organic components in the kiln.

Abstract: Perforated plugs fitted into combustion air holes in a rotary combustor in which combustion air for burning municipal solid waste passes through the perforations to prevent molten aluminum and fines from passing through the perforations and the method of preventing molten aluminum from passing through the perforations using the plugs.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the incineration of waste materials contained within metal containers is disclosed wherein the metal containers containing the waste materials are fed through a shredder to form a mixture of waste materials and metal shreds. This mixture is then fed, in a controlled manner, to a primary combustion chamber wherein the waste materials and metal shreds are incincerated to produce ash, deconiannated metal sheds and combustion gases.

Abstract: Crude oil sludges and other relatively heavy hydrocarbon liquid sludges are mixed with diatomaceous earth or perlite to form a friable and flowable solids mixture which is conveyed to a combustion unit, such as rotary kiln, calciner or lift pipe type combustor, wherein combustion of the hydrocarbons is carried out to provide gaseous combustion products and a substantially hydrocarbon free solids mixture. The solids discharged from the combustion unit may be recycled for use in the mixing process to reduce the sludge to a friable material for introduction to the combustion unit and excess solids may be discharged for disposal.

Abstract: A plurality of variable pitch baffles for diffusing hot combustion gases flowing through an asphalt drum mixer is provided. Each baffle, which is internally mounted at an intermediate location within the drum mixer, includes a plurality of opening therethrough.

Abstract: An improved attachment for positioning a rotary waterwall combustor within a tire so it rotational axis is fixed and the rotary waterwall combustor, the tire and the attachment linkage are free to expand independently without inducing stresses due to differential thermal expansion; the attachment linkage comprises a plurality of support blocks attached to the rotary waterwall combustor and a plurality of support lugs attached to the tire with a plurality of links pivotally connected to the blocks and lugs with an elongated opening cooperatively associated with one of the pivotal connections to allow pivotal and axial movement and eliminate stresses caused by differential thermal expansion.

Abstract: An improved waste feed arrangement for feeding waste into a rotary combustor including a stepped support frame and a ram which pushes the waste through a doorway into the rotary combustor, the ram slidably engaging an upper step of the support frame and has a bracket on the outboard end to which a cam follower is rotatably attached, the cam follower rolls on a lower step of the support frame and a hydraulic cylinder is connected between the bracket on the ram and a bracket disposed in the support frame in such a manner that the hydraulic cylinders piston rod pushes the ram away from the doorway as it extends from the hydraulic cylinder providing a smaller, totally covered hydraulic cylinder and piston rod and an improved waste feed system.

Abstract: A system for removing volatilizable organic contaminants from solid materials has a primary volatilizer and a secondary volatilizer positioned in series. A charging system continuously loads solid materials which have been blended to contain a predetermined concentration of contaminants into the primary volatilizer. A portion of the contaminants are volatilized in the primary volatilizer. The solid materials and the volatilized contaminants are transfered to the secondary volatilizer where the volatilized contaminants are burned to provide heat for help in volatilizing the remainder of the contaminants. The solid material which is now decontaminated is quenched. The gases are treated to convert the remaining volatilized contaminants to harmless gases and water vapor. Particulate material is removed from the gases. Nitrogen oxides and sulpher are also converted to harmless forms.

Abstract: A fluidized bed steam generation system and method in which an external heat exchanger is located adjacent a furnace section. A mixture of flue gases and entrained particulate materials from a fluidized bed in the furnace section are separated and the flue gases are passed to a heat recovery section and the separated particulate material back to the fluidized bed in the furnace section. Particulate material from the fluidized bed in the furnace section is circulated through the external heat exchanger to add heat to water, steam or a steam/water mixture before the material is passed back to the furnace section. Water is passed through the furnace section, the heat recovery section, and the external heat exchanger to convert the water to steam.

Abstract: A system for removing volatilizable organic contaminants from solid materials has a primary volatilizer and a secondary volatilizer positioned in series. A charging system continuously loads solid materials which have been blended to contain a predetermined concentration of contaminants into the primary volatilizer. A portion of the contaminants are volatilized in the primary volatilizer. The solid materials and the volatilized contaminants are transfered to the secondary volatilizer where the volatilized contaminants are burned to provide heat for help in volatilizing the remainder of the contaminants. The solid material which is now decontaminated is quenched. The gases are treated to convert the remaining volatilized contaminants to harmless gases and water vapor. Particulate material is removed from the gases. Nitrogen oxides and sulpher are also converted to harmless forms.

Abstract: A combustion device for the pyrolytic destruction and gasification of industrial or other wastes, or lower sulfur fuels, is provided which includes an elongated cylindrical kiln body. Air is introduced into the kiln body by a plurality of pipes which define different combustion zones therewithin. A sorbent such as pulverized limestone may be introduced into each zone for reaction with the feedstock material to reduce undesirable flue emissions. The pipes are oriented within the kiln body to sweep the feedstock along the kiln body in a generally cyclonic pattern of torroidal shape and cross-sectional contour. The kiln may be rotated at various speeds corresponding to the force of the introduced combustion air to fluidize and entrain the feedstock material to be combusted.

Abstract: A solid waste disposal unit having a lower, pyrolyzing chamber and an upper, oxidizing chamber separated by a movable plate. Waste is deposited in the lower chamber. The chambers are rotated to move the plate to a first position which seals the lower chamber from the entrance of air. While the chambers continue to rotate, a pair of heaters separately heats the chambers. The waste in the lower chamber is pyrolyzed in the absence of air and gives off a combustible vapor that in turn is oxidized in the upper chamber. A plurality of venturi jets, mounted in the movable plate, mix the vapor with air as the vapor passes into the upper chamber. Additional air is introduced into the upper chamber through a rotating regenerative heat exchanger recovering heat from the exhaust gases. After the waste is thoroughly pyrolyzed into a char, the rotation of the unit is reversed causing the movable plate to rotate into a new position wherein air is permitted to enter the lower chamber to cause oxidation of the char.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for charging containerized fuel, particularly combustible hazardous waste homogenates, through a wall of a rotating kiln with minimal perturbation of mineral processing conditions. During kiln rotation fuel modules are loaded into the apparatus and charged into the kiln through a port in the kiln cylinder wall and onto the contained mineral bed. In a preferred embodiment the apparatus includes a device for actuating a port closure and a drop tube extending from the port into the kiln cylinder and positioned so that in-process mineral material does not contact the port closure during rotation of the kiln cylinder.

Abstract: Hazardous waste is formed into non-hazardous non-leaching aggregate by introducing the material to a rotary kiln where the large solids are at least partially combusted to form a primary aggregate. Gaseous combustion by-products and waste fines from the waste materials are introduced into at least one oxidizer operating at a temperature in the range of from about 1800.degree. to 2500.degree. F. Under such conditions, some of the waste fines are melted to form a slag-like material that is cooled to form the non-hazardous aggregate. The portion of the material in the oxidizer that is not melted, is cooled, neutralized and subjected to a solid gas separation. The solid is reintroduced to the oxidizer with the primary aggregate where they are either melted or entrained within the molten material and become an integral part of the non-hazardous aggregate.

Abstract: This invention relates to a plant and arrangement and method for the low temperature carbonization of waste material with low-temperature carbonization device and a secondary incineration chamber. The heating system of the low-temperature carbonization device is substantially corrosion-free and gases hazardous to the environment are transformed into gases with a lower level of hazardous matter in a simple manner by directing the heating gas of the low-temperature carbonization device into a closed loop cycle through a low temperature carbonization device and into a heat exchanger of a secondary incineration device. The heat exchanger is equipped with a lining which insures a temperature of the burner gases in the heat exchanger of 1200.degree. C. or more for a period of dwell of 1 to 5 sec.

Abstract: A rotary combustor which includes a combustion barrel and a windbox disposed underneath the barrel. A scraper is mounted inside the windbox on a sloping bottom surface thereof which is movable along the surface to remove material therefrom.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for treating waste materials to produce aggregates wherein pellets comprised of a mixture of solids, liquid wastes and clay are dried by hot air in a dryer. The pellets are then fed to the pyrolysis zone of a rotary kiln wherein they are heated by hot gas from an oxidation zone of the kiln to drive off most of the volatile gases. Remaining volatile gases and the fixed carbon in the waste are oxidized in the oxidation zone, and the silicates in the clay are vitrified in a vitrification zone of the kiln to produce aggregates which are crushed and screened. Volatile gases given off from the pyrolysis zone are mixed with exhaust gases from the dryer to feed the burner for the vitrification zone and to supply oxygen to the oxidation zone.

Abstract: In a thermal reductor unit for decontaminating soil of combustible and volatile fluids, as interior drum is mounted concentrically within a shell in surrounding relation to an ignition chamber. An annular space between the drum and shell provides a compartment wherein soil being processed is received to serve as an insulating medium for the ignition chamber.

Abstract: A rotary combustor has a wall formed from water cooled pipes that are secured together by welded perforated strips. The strips comprise cylindrical shaped metallic rods and the perforations are provided either by forming apertures through the cylindrical shaped metallic rods, or by slots formed between segments by spacing segments of cylindrical shaped rods along the pipes, or by gaps formed between welds that are provided at spaced intervals along the pipes and rods. A method of fabricating a rotary combustor wall is also provided.

Abstract: An inclined combustion barrel for a rotary combustor utilized to burn municipal solid waste wherein the combustion barrel is formed from a plurality of parallel cooling pipes disposed in a circular array with a plurality of spaced apart flat plates disposed between adjacent cooling pipes in descending order with overlapping ends and side margins welded to the cooling pipes to form a web between the cooling pipes which provide influent air flow and extends the life of the web.

Abstract: An improved waste heat boiler having a front, back and two side walls that cooperate to form a flue with a rotary combustor for burning municipal solid waste extending through the front wall and an asymmetrical bull nose protuberance disposed on the back wall above the rotary combustor and a plurality of nozzles disposed in the side walls or the front wall aligned with the tip of the protuberance to direct jets of air inwardly and downwardly into the flue to reduce the CO content of the exhaust gases from the waste heat boiler.

Abstract: The invention is a method for cleaning up contaminated soil containing not only different types of hydrocarbons but also heavy metals and cyanades which upon heating of the soil can form dioxin and benzofuran products. According to the invention the production of said products is prevented by keeping the wall temperature of the rotating furnace at a high level such that its temperature during the entire process is higher than the temperature of spontaneous combustion of the pyrolyses products of which at least the hydrocarbons bind the oxygen in the furnace. The oxygen content may be further influenced by the infeed of an inert gas and/or by adding an organic fraction such as humus.

Abstract: An incinerator having a funnel shaped burning chamber within a firebox with the chamber being formed of water pipes connected to a water circulation system including a steam chest. The chamber is rotated about its axis which is inclined so that the lower conical portion of the chamber is horizontal. Material for burning is driven up the cylindrical portion of the chamber, and combustion air is forced through a nozzle into the open conical portion of the chamber.

Abstract: An incinerator pyrolyzer for continuously burning waste material characterized by a rotating kiln within a furnace chamber for incinerating waste material passing through the kiln. The kiln includes means for introducing reactants for chemically changing ingredients in the waste material. The furnace also including an outlet for dumping the incinerated residue from the kiln and an outlet for any gas generated during the burning.

Abstract: An improved method for automatically controlling rate of combustion in a rotary combustor having a rotating combustion barrel (11) by precisely controlling a supply of combustion gas to three separate combustion zones (A, B and C) of the combustion barrel (11) in the rotary combustor used for the incineration of municipal solid waste material (15), the combustion zones (A, B and C) have an associated windbox (34, 37 and 40) disposed directly beneath a respective combustion zone, the windboxes (34, 37 and 40) are further divided into an overfire air zone (36, 39 and 42) and an underfire air zone (35, 38 and 41) forming six air zones which are adjusted by a controller (51) to precisely regulate the supply of combustion gas to each of the six air zones (35, 36, 38, 39, 41, 42).

Abstract: A waste material incinerator which produces an exhaust, containing trace amounts of a toxic organic substance, includes a flue containing a refractory filter. The refractory filter is heated by the exhaust produced by the incinerator to a temperature above 700.degree. C. to destroy the toxic organic substance in the exhaust. The refractory filter preferably includes a plurality of ceramic cylinders and is periodically cleaned to remove accumulated solid particles on the upstream surface of the cylinders by injecting high pressure air into the cylinders.

Abstract: The invention relates to an afterburner apparatus and an incineration system and methods of waste destruction in primary incineration combustion means and afterburner means which both preferably utilize at least two different oxidizing gases. By varying the ratio of said oxidizing gases, the amount of total oxygen and nitrogen delivered in either means can be dynamically adjusted in accordance with the process requirements. Varying the flows of at least two oxydizing gases and auxiliary fuel in both the primary incinerator and afterburner makes it possible to operate the system under fluctuating waste loading conditions, by controlling temperature, partial pressure of oxygen and heat available for the process as a function of said ratio.

Abstract: A method is described for environmentally sound usage of combustible hazardous waste in an operating rotary kiln. The method is particularly adapted for disposal of solid hazardous wastes, optionally in the form of a blended waste homogenate, packaged in sealable containers. The containers are used as fuel modules and charged into a rotary kiln cylinder where kiln gas temperatures range from about 950.degree. to about 1200.degree. C. to achieve high destruction and removal efficiencies.

Abstract: For the production of a product which can be dumped or utilized, the mineral substances are subjected in a rotary kiln to a thermal treatment at a temperature at which the charge of the rotary kiln is transformed to a pasty to liquid slag phase. The composition of the charge is so selected that a slag phase is produced in which the main components, which constitute a matrix, are in the range from 60 to 72% SiO.sub.2, 10 to 30% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and 5 to 25% CaO+MgO, of said matrix, wherein the total percentage of SiO.sub.2 +Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 +CaO+MgO equals 100, the total of the main components SiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, CaO and MgO amounts to more than 60% on a dry and ignition loss-free basis, of the mineral matter which is charged to the rotary kiln. The slag phase discharged from the rotary kiln is cooled and the exhaust gas from the rotary kiln is purified.

Abstract: A waste disposal system for the combustion of waste materials which includes a combustor having an inlet end and an outlet end with a furnace enclosing the outlet end. A step extends out from the back wall of the furnace which is spaced from and below the combustor outlet end. The step is hollow on the inside to form a plenum chamber to receive air and has an upper surface which defines a plurality of openings into the furnace whereby air injected through the openings deflects airborne ash and combustible solids from the outlet end of the combustor up into the furnace.

Abstract: A rotary combustor which includes a plurality of water cooled tubes secured together directly to each other to form a cylindrical barrel defining a combustion chamber therein. Every other length of tube is bent outwardly at spaced locations along its length to form a plurality of openings in the barrel to allow combustion air into the combustion chamber. Means including a smaller ring header and a larger ring header are provided at each end of the barrel to interconnect the tubes to permit the circulation of water therethrough.

Abstract: A pyrolysis system for trash and refuse utilization having a heated low temperature carbonization drum with a device for feeding material to be carbonized located at one end face of the drum, a residue discharge device at the other end face of the drum, a low temperature carbonization gas exhaust, and a gas converter connected to the low temperature carbonization gas exhaust for converting the low temperature carbonization gas into cracked gas, includes means for supplying to the low temperature carbonization drum part of a quantity of cracked gas flowing out of the gas converter as a heat carrier.

Abstract: A system for receiving and removing contaminants from soil, sand, etc. which has been contaminated by liquid contaminants. The contaminated material is heated in a rotating chamber sufficiently to volatilize the contaminants. The volatilized contaminents flow from one end of the chamber while the separated material is discharged from the other end as an uncontaminated material. Dust is removed from the volatilized contaminants and they are fed into a combustion chamber for conversion to harmless products of combustion.

Abstract: An incinerator plant for waste materials having a large throughput capacity and/or partial-load operation comprises a combination of two rotary tube furnaces feeding into a common secondary combustion chamber provided with burners that can be selectively added in and turned off, and which in turn feeds gaseous products of combustion into a waste heat boiler having two boiler flues which are connected to a common steam drum. The plant requires only one monitoring system and, when provided with a rotary tube furnace and a furnace grate, can be used for the incineration of special refuse and household refuse simultaneously.

Abstract: An apparatus for inducing and accelerating hydrogen dissociation in a cloud generated from feedstock fed into a chamber defined by the apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes a device for thermally stimulating the feedstock to generate the cloud, a device for localizing the cloud within the chamber, a device for electrically stimulating the localized cloud, and a device for photonically stimulating the localized cloud. A method is also provided.

Abstract: A system for treating liquid containing waste material which includes a reaction vessel for treating other material to achieve a reaction which includes the formation of hot gases. The system includes a dryer adapted to receive the hot gases from the reaction vessel, and these hot gases are introduced to the dryer for heating the waste material to a temperature in excess of the boiling point of the liquid in the waste material. The waste material is circulated within the dryer to maximize the exposure of the waste material to the heat in the hot gases. Waste gas generated by the boiling of the liquid is withdrawn from the dryer, and a solid portion of the waste material is discharged from the dryer and delivered to the reaction vessel. This solid portion provides at least some of the fuel value required for operating the heating means of the reaction vessel.

Abstract: Method and installation or apparatus for the treatment of material contaminated with toxic organic compounds in which the material is subjected to a thermal treatment to destroy or decompose the toxic compounds, the thermal treatment being carried out in two stages, i.e. a first stage in which the contaminated material is heated to a temperature of not more than 500.degree. C. under pyrolysis conditions in an indirectly heated rotary furnace, and a second stage in which the solid residue remaining in the first stage is heated in a second furnace to a temperature of at least 500.degree. C. until the concentration of toxic organic compounds in the residue is in the ppb range and preferably 1 ppb or less, and in which the gaseous reaction products of the first and second stages are supplied to a combustion chamber and there burnt at a temperature which is sufficient to completely destroy all the toxic organic compounds contained therein.

Abstract: A water cooled kiln comprises a cylindrical combustor structure made up of a plurality of generally parallel water pipes spaced circumferentially about the periphery of the structure, and a plurality of webs circumferentially interconnecting the pipes so as to present the cylindrical combustor structure. The webs are provided with openings so that combustion air may flow therethrough and into the combustion chamber defined by the cylindrical combustor structure. The webs are protected from corrosion and erosion by the provision of a protective sheet constructed of a corrosion resistant material which is placed in covering relationship to the web inside the chamber. The protective sheet is spaced slightly from the web by dimples or corrugated strips and is attached to the web by spot welding for example.

Abstract: A combustor for burning MSW (municipal solid waste) having a porous wall drum in which burning takes place with combustion air supplied from outside of the drum, in which air driven through the drum into the material being burned is supplied in pulses.