Abstract: A rotary combustor for incinerating solid waste material, such as municipal trash, includes a combustion barrel supplied by air through windboxes underneath the barrel. Molten metal, such as aluminum, which is commonly present in the waste material, drops through perforations in the side wall of the combustion barrel and collects on a heated contact surface in each of the windboxes. The heated contact surface may have a funnel shape and be connected to a heated pipe for transferring the molten metal out of each windbox. Alternatively, the heated element may be attached to the interior surface of each windbox and separated therefrom by heat insulation. In this case, heated airlock doors at the lower end of the windboxes are used to discharge the molten metal from the windboxes.

Abstract: An improved rotary combustor has side walls with slanted openings. Air used to support combustion passes through the slanted openings and is directed at an acute angle to a vector in the direction of rotation of the combustion barrel. As a result, the air is directed towards the combustion area within the barrel.

Abstract: A combustion controller controls the supply of combustion gas to the combustion barrel of a rotary combustor used for incinerating solid waste material. The rotary combustor includes a combustion barrel having a gas-porous side wall and windboxes underneath the combustion barrel to supply the combustion gas to support incineration of the waste material into combustion products which include exhaust gases. The windboxes receive combustion gas via individual control ducts which are controlled by the combustion controller to regulate the corresponding supplies of combustion gas and thereby to provide substantially complete incineration of the solid material. An oxygen sensor detects the percentage of oxygen present in the exhaust gases and the combustion gas supplied to the combustion barrel is controlled to maintain the percentage of oxygen near a predetermined level.

Abstract: A waste incinerator, especially for waste products from the chemical industry, comprising a horizontal, stationary or revolving, combustion chamber, and a vertical, brick lined afterburning chamber with circular cross section. The steel casing of the afterburning chamber is supported on an exterior furnace framework by means of a supporting ring on the chamber above the burner supported on a horizontal supporting frame. An upper steel casing segment of the afterburning chamber is separated from a lower steel casing segment above the entrance of the horizontal combustion chamber by a separating joint. The afterburing chamber above the joint is suspended by a supporting ring engaged over a horizontal frame of the furnace framework. The joint is spanned by a compensator.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for retarding the formation of a slag ring on the inner wall of a rotary lime kiln where coal combustion gases are used to provide heat in the calcining chamber of a rotary lime kiln. The inner wall of the kiln, at a predetermined location where a slag ring would tend to form, is cooled so as to cool the dispersed slag prior to contact with the inner wall of the calcining chamber sufficiently to prevent adherence of the slag to the inner wall. Cooling chambers or a cooling channel may be provided in the refractory lining forming the inner wall, or transpiration devices may be provided to inject coolant into the calcining chamber, at the predetermined location, to cool the slag and prevent adherence thereof to the inner wall.

Abstract: A system for pyrolysing/drying biological sludge by indirectly heating the same by means of hot fumes, characterized by the fact that it incorporates a rotary furnace secured angularly to a cover skirt and defining, with the same, a cavity in which to circulate the aforementioned heating fumes; the aforementioned skirt being supported in rotary manner on powered rollers and connection to the utility pipes and to the sludge loading/unloading means fixed to the floor being made by means of devices consisting of a first frame turning together with the furnace and the respective skirt and supporting, in idle manner by means of rolling bodies, and a second frame connected to the aforementioned pipes.

Abstract: An apparatus for combusting wet waste or the like comprising ignition means including an ignition chamber having an inlet passageway extending therefrom for introducing the waste, an ignition burner for heating the waste to form non-combustible solids and at least partially combustible flue gases, a first outlet for the flue gases in the wall of the inlet passageway, and a second outlet for the solids; combustion means for substantially combusting the flue gases including a combustion passageway wrapped around the inlet passageway from the ignition chamber first outlet to a combustion chamber, and a combustion burner in the combustion passageway adjacent to the first outlet for aspirating and heating the flue gases; heat recuperating means for transferring heat from the substantially combusted flue gases to preheat an oxygen-containing gas; and passageway means for transferring the pre-heated oxygen-containing gas from the recuperator to the ignition burner and the combustion burner.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of treating oil field wastes and particularly spent drilling fluids which contain barite and hydrocarbons which includes placing the drilling fluids into the upper end of a downwardly directed rotating kiln. Fuel and pressurized air are inserted into a furnace connected to the upper end of the kiln for supplying a fire to the drilling fluids in the kiln for igniting and burning the hydrocarbons in the drilling fluids as fuel until the drilling fluid is dry. Entrained particulates in the gas stream leaving the kiln are separated in a cyclone separator. The gases leaving the cyclone separator are passed through a secondary combustion unit to assure complete combustion of pyrolized carbonaceous residuals in the gas stream. The gases are then cooled in a heat exchanger and sent to a hydrosonic scrubber which removes the remaining particulates as well as oxides of sulfur.

Abstract: A method of removing hazardous flammable hydrocarbons from soils comprises introducing the contaminated soil into a rotatable drum open at only one end, introducing flame and hot gases of combustion in the drum while rotating it to substantially expose the soil to the hot gases thereby heating the soil to a temperature sufficient to substantially vaporize all of the contaminant flammable hydrocarbons therein, and continuing to introduce the flame and hot gases whereby the vaporized hydrocarbon is burned in the drum with the exhaust gases of combustion then directed to atmosphere from the open port. The uncontaminated soil is then recovered from the drum.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for calcining limestone to produce lime wherein coal is combusted to provide heat for the calcination. The coal is combusted in a two stage combustion unit, with at least seventy-five percent of the slag formed by the coal combustion removed from the first stage of the combustion unit. Residual gases and fuel are further combusted in the second stage of the two stage combustor, with hot combustion gases therefrom, having the molten slag removed, fed directly to the calcining chamber of a rotary lime kiln. The coal may be carbonized to form a char and a fuel gas for use in the two stage combustor.

Abstract: A combustion barrel used in a rotary combustor is constructed of cooling pipes joined by perforated webs to form a generally cylindrical side wall. Water-cooled baffle pipes are attached to the interior of the generally cylindrical side wall at widely spaced intervals. The baffle pipes and cooling pipes are coupled at an exit end of the combustion barrel to a ring header which in turn is coupled to heat exchanging equipment. The ring header supplies low-energy coolant from the heat exchanger to the cooling and baffle pipes and discharges high-energy coolant from the cooling and baffle pipes to the heat exchanging equipment. At an input end of the combustion barrel, the cooling and baffle pipes are coupled to U-tubes or a return header for returning the coolant to the ring header. Solid material is supplied at the input end of the combustion barrel for incineration. The combustion barrel is slowly rotated as the solid material is transported to the exit end of the barrel.

Abstract: A rotary combustor formed of water cooled tubes in an inclined cylindrical array with the lower portion being conical so as to reduce the incline at the lower end. The combustor extends into the cooperating furnace, and is formed with openings between the tubes that increase in size toward the lower end.

Abstract: A furnace for the selective incineration or carbonization, by a process of distillation to remove its volatile components, of waste materials, the furnace consisting of an elongated, slightly inclined, rotatable cylindrical kiln, waste material being introduced into its upper end, moved along the length thereof in the form of a tumbling bed at its lower portion by rotation thereof either at higher rates to produce higher turbulence of the material as is useful in the incineration mode of operation, or at lower rates for less turbulence of the material as is useful in the carbonization mode. Air is introduced into the kiln either in large amounts supplying ample oxygen for full combustion as is useful in the incineration mode, or in sub-stoichiometric amounts as is necessary in the carbonization mode.

Abstract: A multi-stage rotary kiln for burning waste, suitably skid mounted for ease of transport. The kiln includes a pair of concentric tubes affixed one inside the other and rotatable; a first large diameter tube and a second tube of smaller diameter, provided at one end with circumferential wall openings, mounted inside said first large diameter tube. An annular passageway between the two tubes, and opening through the second small diameter tube provides a continuous flow path for the introduction of waste and hot burning gases, the hot gases flowing cocurrently with the waste via the annular passageway, and circumferential openings into and through the second tube. A feed mechanism introduces waste into the annular passageway, elevator means lifts the burning waste from the annular passageway and passes same into the circumferential openings, and the burning waste is transported through the smaller tube and discharged.

Abstract: Disclosed is an incinerating and melting apparatus for processing materials such as organic matters, inorganic matters and metals, which apparatus has a cylindrical or polygonal horizontal furnace body provided with a material charging port and a melt discharge port formed in the wall thereof, wherein a burner is mounted in the inner surface of the furnace body, the furnace body is oscillatorily rotatable in one and the other directions about its axis, and a melt receiver is detachably secured to the melt discharge port, or wherein the furnace body is fitted in a hood into which the melt discharge port opens and the melt receiver is detachably secured to the hood.

Abstract: A combustor formed of a plurality of water cooled pipes secured as a drum by members defining a plurality of holes between the pipes, the drum being mounted for rotation at an angle, with there being low U-shaped walls surrounding the sides and high ends of the holes so that aluminum melted by burning material in the drum is guided around the holes while that material flows to the lower end of the drum.

Abstract: A rotary combustor, in which material is burned in a gas porous cylinder, having a sectioned and compartmented wind box permitting selective delivery of air through the burning material, above the burning material, at the start of the burning process, and after burning has been well initiated.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for combustion of diverse materials, particularly combustible solids, liquids or gases, such as sewage sludge, refuse, coal, refinery sludge, tar sands, coal shale, coal tailings and spent foundry sand. A rotary combustion apparatus is employed which consists of a cylindrical drum, or other similar regularly shaped chamber, with a substantially horizontal axis of rotation including an ignition zone, a principal combustion zone, a falling temperature zone and a spent solids removal zone. The apparatus further includes solids transport chutes for forward and backward circulation of solids, arranged for the transfer of solids to or from one or more points. Feedstock may also be heated by recycled hot solids. The method and apparatus employs direct solids-to-gas contact established by lifting and cascading combustible solids through a hot gas stream.

Abstract: A compound resource recovery furnace having a plurality of furnace chambers including an inner product chamber, an outer incineration chamber, and an intermediate chamber in surrounding relation to the product chamber and within the incineration chamber. The inermediate chamber has a slotted wall made from insulating refractory material and movable damper plates which provide closures for the slots. A temperature responsive control system regulates the damper plates to allow heat to escape from the intermediate chamber to the incineration chamber when the temperature in the incineration chamber drops below a predetermined temperature.

Abstract: Waste conversion system with a low-temperature carbonizing chamber heated by flue gases and with a gas purification plant, in which, for removing problematic substances, the low-temperature carbonizing chamber is heated by flue gases of a high-temperature melting chamber which is supplied with, in particular, liquid wastes. The flue gases, after leaving the low-temperature carbonizing chamber, are conducted to the gas purification plant. The low-temperature carbonizing gases are conducted into the melting chamber.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detoxifying soil particles containing low melting point mineral compounds contaminated with combustible toxic materials wherein the soil particles are located without melting the low melting point mineral compounds to form combusted solids and a mixture of mineral dust and toxic material containing gas, the combusted solids are separated from the dust-gas mixture, the dust gas mixture is thereafter separated into the mineral dust and the toxic material-containing gas, and the toxic material-containing gas is then combusted at high temperature to form less harmful combustion products. The low melting point mineral compounds may be those mineral compounds of oxygen, silicon, calcium, iron and aluminum, and certain metal and metal oxides. The combustible toxic materials may be dioxin and PCB.

Abstract: In a combustor assembly having a main water cooled rotary combustor in which material is burned and which discharges into a furnace, a generally cylindruical secondary grate formed of water cooled pipes positioned in the furnace for receiving and holding material discharged from the main combustor so as to complete the burning while the secondary grate is slowly rotated to eventually discharge ashes and unburnable material from the furnace.

Abstract: In a burner gun of the type including a conduit having a gas inlet supplied with a gas and an outlet, a burner nozzle assembly includes an outlet plate secured to the outlet of the gas conduit and having a plurality of circumferentially arranged cylindrical orifices extending therethrough, the outer surface of outlet plate including a circular central portion surrounded by the orifices and operative as a bluff body, whereby positive flame retention in the range of 5 PSI to 50 PSI is obtained; a hollow cylinder having a plurality of plugs secured to an end face thereof and axially movable with respect to the orifices to vary the openings thereof so as to provide a constant velocity gas exiting through the orifices; and a piston rod connected to the cylinder and externally controlled to slideably move cylinder and thereby control movement of the orifice plugs with respect to the orifices so as to vary the openings of the latter.

Abstract: A furnace housing having a heat exchanger, an exhaust gas flue and an ash collecting bin therein. A burn chamber is provided in the housing with the heat exchanger being oriented in heat exchanging relation to the burn chamber. An inclined conduit extends through a wall in the furnace housing and terminates in the burn chamber. A rotatable shaft is attached to a burn basket having a bottom wall and a perforate side wall and an open top. The end of the conduit in the burn chamber terminates adjacent the open top of the burn basket. A closed housing is connected to an end of the conduit remote from the end in the burn chamber. A fan delivers air to the closed housing and then to the conduit. A pelletized fuel feeding apparatus delivers pelletized fuel from a storage device to the closed housing and then to the burn basket.

Abstract: A sealed, negative pressurized, high temperature furnace, through which hydrocarbon contaminated soil is conveyed, is operated in the near-infrared heating region at radiation wavelengths between about 0.75 and about 3.0 um. The furnace, rotary sealed at the input and exit ports and maintained at a negative pressure, is in the form of an elongated cylinder, divided into four series-arranged heating zones, each of which is separately fed by a preferably stoichiometric mixture of a combustible gas, preferably propane and air. The flow of the gas/air mixture into each of the heating zones is regulated so that the first zone is maintained at about 2900.degree. F. normally, (3000.degree. F. maximum), the second zone is maintained at about 2900.degree. F. normally, and the third and fourth heating zones are maintained at about 2900.degree. F. normally.

Abstract: Garbage and other incinerable waste is treated with hot air and steam in a rotary furnace, under conditions inhibiting free and complete combustion, so as to produce a gaseous phase and a solid phase consisting of non-combustible solids. The gaseous phase is mixed with excess air and recirculated combustion gases and passed to a cyclone chamber in which further combustion takes place at a temperature controlled so as to destroy toxic organic compounds and to melt solids such as glass but insufficient to promote excessive nitrogen oxide formation. The gases are then passed through a ceramic heat exchanger, tempered with ambient air to cause any residual molten glass still entrained in the gases to solidify, and passed through a second heat exchanger, clean compressed air being passed through the second and then the first heat exchanger so as to raise its temperature sufficiently to drive a gas turbine.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for continuously treating material for performing such functions as burning, roasting, smelting, coking, melting, high temperature chemical reactions and the like in a combustion chamber wherein the chamber or an extension thereof, is tuned to permit combustion gases therein to resonate and to thereby effect maximum combustion efficiency. In particular, the invention concerns controllably varying the geometry of the combustion chamber, such as the length of a pipe or tubed section thereof in accordance with the variables of combustion occuring therein, so as to optimize efficiency of combustion and the reaction which takes place between the burning material and the material being treated or reacted on. In addition to effecting such reactions, the apparatus is also operable to effect the transfer of the heat of combustion to a heat transfer medium, such as water for generating steam or other form of heat transfer medium to maximize the utilization of the energy generated.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for burning combustible waste materials such as municipal and other refuse, utilizing combustion of the waste materials in a rotary tubular kiln at temperatures above 1200.degree. C., using combustion air in the temperature range between 300.degree. and 800.degree. C. with a small air excess and a reduced quantity of flue gas. The invention further includes heat transfer from the hot flue gas into the combustion air by means of a heat exchanging solid, whereby the solid is heated in contact with the flue gas and subsequently is cooled in contact with air. This air is heated to combustion air temperature and is conducted to the firing of the rotary kiln. The solid may also simultaneously bond noxious substances in the flue gas.

Abstract: The invention comprises a coal-fired burner system for use in a drum mix asphalt plant or drum dryer used for producing asphalt paving composition. Coal to fire the burner is ground to a -200 mesh size by an air-swept rotary impact mill, and a classifier at the exit from the mill controls the size of the particles leaving the mill. The pulverized coal particles are recovered from the exhaust airflow exiting the mill by a fiber filter collector and temporarily stored in a small surge bin. Coal is metered from the surge bin into a primary air conduit leading to the burner. The availability of a small but ready supply of coal in the surge bin provides quick response to a need for increased coal while avoiding the dangerous storage of large quantities of pulverized coal dust. As the weight of coal dust in the surge bin decreases, control circuitry provides for the processing of additional coal to maintain a ready supply of processed coal in the surge bin.

Abstract: A rotary kiln is formed by a helical tube secured inside a cylindrical shell, and fitted with flow spoiler baffles between each turn of the helical tube. Inside the helical tube, one solid particle stream flows uphill in the manner of the classical Archimedes screw. Another stream of particles is tumbled by the flow spoiler baffles and flows under gravity downhill through the center of the helical tube, tumbling over the successive convolutions of the helical tube. This downhill flow occurs because the particles collide with the interflute spoiler baffles, tumble and fall off the helical flutes, thus causing the countercurrent flow. A wide range of surface-to-volume ratios of, and heat transfer through, the helical tube may be achieved by a proper design of the relative width of the tube. This helical tube in a drum device provides heat transfer for a varied number of process applications, such as oil shale or tar sands retorting.

Abstract: A rotary kiln includes a cylindrical kiln body supported for rotation about a central axis inclined with respect to a horizontal plane, a cylindrical combustion chamber formed inside the kiln body and extending along the central axis, and a plurality of cylindrical calcination chambers formed inside the kiln body so as to lie parallel with and surround the combustion chamber. The combustion chamber has an outlet at its lower end from which residue produced by combustion of fuel inside the combustion chamber drops for further combustion and/or discharge.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for combusting solid fuel in the form of particles, preferably fuel pellets, whereby the fuel is combusted in a rotating combustion chamber (1) whereby the speed of the rotating the chamber is varied so that the fuel periodically releases from the chamber wall and skids along said wall.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for incinerating fluid (liquid and/or gas) and solid waste including a first, second, and third combustion zones of successively larger interior volumes. Liquid wastes are introduced into the first combustion zone and solid wastes are introduced into the third combustion zone, whereby solid wastes are heated from conduction and/or convection by the first and/or the second combustion zone prior to the solid wastes being introduced into the third combustion zone.

Abstract: The burner apparatus of the instant invention includes a forced air gas burner which directs a hot gas stream over an object to be cleaned in a burning chamber. The burning chamber includes a burner pipe for evenly distributing the gas stream throughout the chamber. An object-carrying basket is removably mounted in the chamber. A pollutant reduction chamber is connected to a burning chamber outlet and is constructed to reduce the content of pollutants in the gas stream which is subsequently released into the atomosphere.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a rotating pyrolysis drum for the thermal treatment of waste materials, such as domestic or industrial garbage or the like, with respectively one heated gas collecting chamber for addition and one heated gas collecting chamber for withdrawal, being provided at pertaining end faces of the drum, which chambers are connected to one another via bores in the end faces and by tubes extending through the interior of the drum. At least one seal assembly is arranged between the stationary heated gas collecting chambers and the drum. A seal disc is provided on the circumferential wall of a hollow connection member at the end face of the drum at the inlet side and, respectively, at the outlet side for pyrolysis residues and/or another rotating part of the drum. At the two end faces of the seal disc are arranged contact rings which are slid with play over the connection member and/or the other rotating part and these sealingly contact such end faces.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for combustion of diverse materials, particularly combustible solids, liquids or gases, such as sewage sludge, refuse, coal, refinery sludge, tar sands, coal shale, coal tailings and spent foundry sand. A rotary combustion apparatus is employed which consists of a cylindrical drum, or other similar regularly shaped chamber, with a substantially horizontal axis of rotation including an ignition zone, a principal combustion zone, a falling temperature zone and a spent solids removal zone. The apparatus further includes solids transport chutes for forward and backward circulation of solids, arranged for the transfer of solids to or from one or more points. Feedstock may also be heated by recycled hot solids. The method and apparatus employs direct solids-to-gas contact established by lifting and cascading combustible solids through a hot gas stream.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of treating oil field wastes and particularly spent drilling fluids which contain barite and hydrocarbons which includes placing the drilling fluids into the upper end of a downwardly directed rotating kiln. Fuel and pressurized air are inserted into a furnace connected to the upper end of the kiln for supplying a fire to the drilling fluids in the kiln for igniting and burning the hydrocarbons in the drilling fluids as fuel until the drilling fluid is dry. The high weight impurities are separated from the dried drilling fluid by gravity from the kiln and the light weight fines and more valuable components including the barite are removed from the kiln by suction. The more valuable components are mixed with new components for providing a recycled drilling fluid. The gases separated from the light weight dry drilling fluids are washed to remove any pollutants before exhaustion to the atmosphere. The particulates cleaned from the gases may be recycled to the kiln.

Abstract: A system for treating solid, granular and aggregate material thermally including a storage silo containing a supply of the material to be thermally treated. A combination thermal reclaimer and heat exchanger apparatus is connected in fluid flow relation to the storage silo for receiving material therefrom. The combination thermal reclaimer and heat exchanger apparatus is operative to both effect a preheating of material received thereby and to accomplish a thermal reclamation of the material received thereby as the material completes its passage through the combination thermal reclaimer and heat exchanger apparatus. A feeder device is cooperatively associated with the combination thermal reclaimer and heat exchanger means for receiving thermally reclaimed material therefrom. The feeder device has a transporter pipe cooperatively associated therewith into which thermally reclaimed material is fed. The transporter pipe is operative for transporting the thermally reclaimed material to a material storage device.

Abstract: A rotary kiln has a sealable separating gap between the kiln outlet head and an inlet shaft leading to a cooler. In order that the shortest possible drop height for the fired material falling out of the discharge end of the rotating cylinder may be maintained despite the separating gap, interengaging steps and side openings defined thereby are formed in the side walls of the kiln outlet head and the inlet shaft, and sections of the separating gap which run at different heights open into the side openings and the horizontal distance between any two steps lying opposite one another corresponds approximately to the maximum displacement path of the kiln outlet head.

Abstract: A rotary kiln is charged with pneumatic tires by a lock chamber which carries two gates adapted to be opened in alternation. To ensure a desirable charging operation, the lock chamber provides a runway downwardly inclined towards the kiln inlet and having a length which is at least twice the tire diameter. The gate at the receiving end of the lock chamber is provided with a tire holder for holding each tire in a position for rolling on the runway. The tire holder comprises a gripping device having two gripping jaws operable to move in mutually opposite directions and engageable with the side wall of a pneumatic tire. The gripping jaws are mounted to be adjustable in a direction parallel to the runway and transversely to the direction of travel of the tire on the runway.

Abstract: Toxic and hazardous organic materials are photochemically and thermally changed into innocuous and environmentally acceptable products through the proper application of solar energy. The present invention is especially well-suited for the destruction of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) which are resistant to conventional incineration. The method and apparatus described herein are also capable of handling liquids, solids or vapors, with only minor operating modifications. In an enhanced alternative, the rate of oxidation is controlled through the entire transformation process, or portions thereof, to reduce energy needs in de-toxifying biological or chemical ordinance or the like.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for incinerating toxic and non-toxic waste using a modified preheater-type lime kiln is disclosed wherein the kiln is modified to incinerate waste and the preheater section is modified to provide an incineration processing aid such as limestone and also to more efficiently utilize and conserve heat values.

Abstract: An incineration unit is provided with an open ended rotary incineration chamber having a main portion and a neck portion supported between two opposite stationary end chambers. Feed means are mounted adjacent first stationary end chamber and a burner for directing flame into the incineration chamber is mounted on the second stationary end chamber. A secondary combustion chamber extends axially above the incineration chamber and includes an afterburner for completely incinerating the combustion gases and by-products. A conduit is formed in first stationary end chamber for transferring hot incineration gases to the secondary combustion chamber. The burner directs the flow of hot incineration gases towards the raw waste material thereby to initiate drying thereof. A grate cleaning member is also provided at the discharge end of the chamber to assist in the separation of waste material.

Abstract: A rotary drum 2 is provided with vanes 26 extending longitudinally thereof defining passages 21 therebetween with gas to be fed to the reactor being fed only to those of the passages 21 the outlets from which into the reactor are covered by the solid material 20 being tumbled therein. Within this arrangement it can be ensured that the hot gases being used to treat the solid materials can be passed through the solid material as it is being tumbled in the reactor with the reactor being capable of accepting a large range of different materials with a variation of particle and lump size. The reactor in its preferred exemplary form is used for starved air incineration of waste materials, the gas supply means being used to supply gas in an amount insufficient to complete the reaction in the drum such that combustible gases leave the outlet end for use in the burner 10 used to provide the hot gases to the reactor drum.

Abstract: An apparatus for recovering energy from pyrolyzable, carbonaceous waste materials, for example household refuse, comprising a rotary tube reactor (4) adapted to be charged with the waste materials and producing, as products, a (low temperature) carbonization gas and a pyrolytic coke at a reaction temperature of above 200.degree. C.; a fluidized bed or swirling layer gasifier adapted to be supplied with an oxygen-containing gasifying agent, the pyrolytic coke and, optionally, waste materials and from which exit a hot gas having a temperature of between 400.degree. and 1000.degree. C. and an inert ash. Further, the system includes cleaning stages (8, 20) for the carbonization gas, connected subsequent to the rotary tube reactor and the gasifier (14), and further a combustion device (24) for the cleaned gases, as a part of a boiler system.

Abstract: A drum-shaped grate of an incinerator includes a plurality of cylindrical drums, the grate covering of which is formed of a plurality of suspended middle grate bars which are combined in segments and arrested by fixed grate bars. The adjacent grate bars in the circular direction are suspended on bar carriers and the lateral faces of each two adjacent grate bars are spaced from each other by spacers. The surfaces of the spacers positioned between each two adjacent grate bars and abutting against each other are flat and smooth. Due to a possible relative displacement of the middle grate bars in their longitudinal direction owing to the placing of the spacers between the adjacent bars a clogging of the air slots formed between the grate bars would be prevented.

Abstract: A rotary cylinder calcining system for treating tacky materials with a propensity to adhere to the surfaces of handling apparatus. The system comprises a reciprocating means for freeing the cylinder calciner outlet from any blockages caused by adhering material.

Abstract: In a method of thermal solid waste exploitation the pure pyrolysis gases are used for auxiliary heating in combustion and the flue gases from combustion are used for heating in pyrolysis. In a solid waste processing installation the pure gas outlet of the pyrolysis unit is connected to the auxiliary burner of the combustion unit and the pyrolysis reactor is arranged between the flue gas outlet of the combustion unit and a waste heat retrieval unit.

Abstract: A system including a method and apparatus for incinerating toxic and non-toxic waste materials. The system involves the use of a pre-treatment agent which is capable of insuring flowability in the waste materials to be incinerated. The agent is mixed with the material and then introduced to a rotary kiln which is fired to a temperature such that incineration of the material will occur by providing a satisfactory rate of material flow through the kiln. The kiln includes a rotary scoop feeder which is utilized for introducing the mixture of material and agent into a hot zone of the kiln. An afterburner may be utilized for decomposing materials such as hazardous organic wastes, and the output of the apparatus may be associated with a baghouse.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods of and apparatus for treating waste products. The apparatus comprises a furnace 1 and a recuperator 2, the furnace comprising at least one rotary section 4 for combustion and/or pyrolysis of the waste products and a stationary section 3 for guiding the smokes generated in the furnace between said rotary section 4 and the recuperator 2. This latter comprises an arrangement 11 -12 for causing the smokes to flow in a state of heat exchange with a fluid 14 for exploitation of the heat thus recovered. A heat-carrier fluid circuit is also incorporated between the walls delimiting the said stationary section 3 and/or the said rotary section 4 of the furnace and the recuperator 2, in such manner that the heat-carrier fluid may transfer the heat it had absorbed during its passage within the furnace walls to the exploitation fluid in the recuperator.