Abstract: A method and apparatus for introducing solid, liquid or gaseous fuel into a burning zone of a rotary kiln for manufacturing cement clinker. Fuel is conducted through a duct or ducts and primary air is conducted through at least two annular ducts arranged substantially concentrically with, and around, the fuel duct(s), the portion of air in one of the air ducts flowing substantially axially, whereas the portion of air in the second of the air ducts comprises air which has a rotary component about the center axis of the burner, and wherein the amount of primary air in the two portions is independently controlled, such that the two portions of primary air are mixed at a lower velocity in a collecting duct into a single primary mixed airstream having a desired axial/rotary flow characteristic, and wherein this airstream is subsequently accelerated up to a desired, higher discharge velocity.

Abstract: A water jacket face of a burner nozzle for a synthesis gas generator is protected from hot gas corrosion by an annular heat shield of high temperature material tiles. Angular segments of a tile annulus around a burner nozzle orifice are secured to the water jacket face by furnace melted, high temperature brazed metal. The metal water jacket face along radial joints between adjacent tiles is protected by stepped or scarfed lap joints.

Abstract: A combustion burner includes a mixture nozzle, a gas supply nozzle, and a flow guide. The mixture nozzle extends toward an interior of a furnace, and defines a mixture passage through which a mixture containing powdered solid fuel and gas for transferring the solid fuel flows. A distal end portion of the mixture nozzle is flared so that a flow passage area of the mixture passage increases progressively in a direction of flow of the mixture. The gas supply nozzle radially surrounds the mixture nozzle to define between the gas supply nozzle and the mixture nozzle a gas passage through which a combustion oxygen-containing gas flows toward the furnace. The flow guide is provided within the mixture nozzle at a position upstream of the flared portion of the mixture nozzle with respect to a flow of the mixture so as to make the mixture flow straight along an inner peripheral surface of the flared portion of the mixture nozzle.

Abstract: A pulverized coal burner includes a pulverized coal nozzle for jetting a mixture of pulverized coal and primary air, a secondary air nozzle and a tertiary air nozzle, concentrically arranged around the outer periphery of the pulverized coal nozzle, and a tube expanded portion at the end of a partition wall separating two adjacent air nozzles. A flow shift means such as a guide plate for shifting the secondary air in the secondary air nozzle so as to flow along the tube expanded portion is provided. The secondary air is jetted outwardly by the guide plate, and mixing of the secondary air and the tertiary air with pulverized coals is delayed, whereby an amount of NOx is decreased.

Abstract: A low NOx gas combustor includes an air injection mechanism to create a combustion air path. A set of arc-shaped gas injector arrays are formed in an annular configuration. Each arc-shaped gas injector array injects an arc-shaped stream of gas that intersects with the combustion air path to produce a fuel rich flame segment that is separated from an adjacent fuel rich flame segment from an adjacent arc-shaped gas injector array by an air rich zone. The interaction between the fuel rich flame segment and the air rich zone results in low NOx combustion of the gas.

Abstract: The invention provides a water-tube boiler and a burner capable of realizing a reduction in NO.sub.x and CO in both the combustion of liquid fuel and the combustion of gaseous fuel. The water-tube boiler comprises a burner which uses liquid fuel or gaseous fuel switchably, characterized in that a plurality of water tubes are arranged into an annular shape in a zone where burning-reaction ongoing gas derived from the burner is present within a combustion chamber. The water-tube boiler comprises a burner which uses either liquid fuel or gaseous fuel. A first water tube array is formed by arranging a plurality of water tubes into an annular shape in a zone where burning-reaction ongoing gas derived from the burner is present within a combustion chamber. Gaps are provided between adjacent water tubes of the first ongoing gas to flow therethrough. A zone is provided around the first water tube array to allow burning reaction to be continuously effected.

Abstract: A method for effecting control over a radially stratified flame core burner that is particularly suited for employment in a firing system of a fossil fuel-fired furnace for purposes of reducing the NO.sub.X emissions from the fossil fuel-fired furnace. The subject method for effecting control over a radially stratified flame core burner enables the foregoing to be accomplished while yet at the same time minimizing CO emissions and the opacity of the exhaust from the stack of the fossil fuel-fired furnace without extending the envelope of the flame produced by the radially stratified flame core burner.

Abstract: The water jacket face of a burner nozzle for a synthesis gas generator is protected from hot gas corrosion by an annular heat shield of high temperature material tiles. Six, for example, angular segments of a tile annulus around a burner nozzle orifice are secured to the water jacket face by furnace melted, high temperature brazed metal. The metal water jacket face along radial joints between adjacent tiles is protected by stepped or scarfed lap joints.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for combustion of a solid carbonaceous material, for example coal, in which a mixture of the solid carbonaceous material and combustion air is injected into a combustion chamber and ignited, thereby forming a fuel-lean primary combustion zone. A gaseous fuel is injected into the combustion chamber in a region downstream of the primary combustion zone, thereby forming a fuel-lean secondary combustion zone. Temperature in the secondary combustion zone is in the range of about 1800.degree. F. to 2400.degree. F.

Abstract: A coal-water slurry liquid fuel or coal or other liquid fuel is atomized for combustion in the reburn zone of a boiler with a relatively small addition of natural gas to produce NO.sub.x reductions comparable to the reburn effect of natural gas alone as well as a more uniform temperature profile in the upper combustion zone of the boiler.

Abstract: A burner is provided for a furnace having at least one windbox that is supplied with air for combustion and has extending therethrough at least one such burner, which opens out toward the combustion chamber. The burner has at least one primary air channel, which is supplied from the outside with a coal dust/air mixture, at least one secondary air channel, which surrounds the primary air channel, and at least one tertiary air channel, which surrounds the secondary air channel. The secondary and tertiary air channels can be supplied with air from the windbox in a regulated manner. Along a rotationally symmetrical portion of an outer surface of each of the secondary and tertiary air channels there is respectively provided at least one air inlet opening. Respective annular valve sections are rotatably disposed about one of the rotationally symmetrical portions of the secondary and tertiary air channels.

Abstract: A burner having lower emissions and lower unburned fuel losses by implementing a transition zone in a low NO.sub.x burner. The improved burner includes a pulverized fuel transport nozzle surrounded by the transition zone which shields the central oxygen-lean fuel devolatilization zone from the swirling secondary combustion air. The transition zone acts as a buffer between the primary and the secondary air streams to improve the control of near-burner mixing and flame stability by providing limited recirculation regions between primary and secondary air streams. These limited recirculation regions transport evolved NO.sub.x back towards the oxygen-lean fuel pyrolysis zone for reduction to molecular nitrogen. Alternate embodiments include natural gas and fuel oil firing.

Abstract: A low NOx burner comprising ducts for the primary (6), secondary (7) and tertiary air (14), arranged coaxially around its longitudinal axis, for supplying of the primary, secondary and tertiary air, respectively, to a combustion chamber (3), means for accumulation of the air (5), means to give vorticity to the primary, secondary and tertiary air (11, 15, 27) installed in the respective ducts, means for supply of fuel (23, 32, 43) arranged within said ducts to inject the fuel into said combustion chamber. The axial swirler for the secondary air (11) is formed by a plurality of blades each of which is made up of a stationary part (11a) and a mobile part (11b) connected to actuator means capable of moving it in an angular direction to give an air outlet angle of between 30.degree. and 60.degree.. The axial swirler for the tertiary air is conical in shape and has fixed blades. On the tertiary air duct a passage (16) is formed for supply of secondary and tertiary air.

Abstract: To provide a pulverized coal burner capable of reducing the NOx concentration at the time of a low load, a pulverized coal burner includes a secondary air nozzle and a tertiary air nozzle concentrically positioned about the outer periphery of a fuel nozzle carrying a pulverized coal with a primary air, and two swirling flow generators are included at least one of these nozzles with a positional relation parallel to a flow of air. One of the swirling flow of the two swirling flow generators can be set strongly. And, under a condition of low air flow rate, air can be supplied from one swirling flow generator alone. Since the swirling strength of the combustion air can be increased, the concentration of NOx produced by the combustion of the pulverized coal can be reduced. Also, because the swirling strength at the time of low load can be increased, the NOx concentration can be reduced by keeping the pulverized coal flame stable.

Abstract: An oxygen-enriched gas burner and method of operation thereof for incinerating and/or melting and/or vitrifying and/or performing thermal treatment and/or oxidizing ground/liquid waste materials and particularly, but not exclusively, contaminated waste materials. The burner comprises a body having annular chambers and defining an injection nozzle which is adjustable whereby to adjust the configuration of a flame and wherein the nozzle is provided, at the center thereof with an axial feed port through which the grounded solid/liquid waste material is injected within the flame. The waste material is fed axially within the flame under control pressure with the waste feed and flame configuration being adjusted independently from one another whereby the waste material is substantially incinerated without substantially affecting the combustion of the gas which would otherwise produce undesirable carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons.

Abstract: An apparatus for the combustion of a suspension of a combustible liquid and combustible solids in particle shape, for instance carbon particles, includes a tank, a burner unit and a pipe which is connected to the burner unit and which protrudes into the tank where it is connected to a pump system. The pump system includes an eddy current pump with a branched outlet, where one of the outlet branches is connected to the pipe, while the other branch or branches is formed as a nozzle or a jet with its outlet directed into the tank, thus serving to stir the suspension in the tank.

Abstract: A pulverized coal combustion burner includes a pulverized coal nozzle, and secondary and tertiary air nozzles provided in concentric relation to the pulverized coal nozzle. A flame stabilizing ring is provided at an outlet end of the pulverized coal nozzle. A separation wall is provided within the pulverized coal nozzle to divide a passage in this nozzle into two passages. A pulverized coal/air mixture flows straight through the two passages, so that recirculation flows of the pulverized coal/air mixture are formed in proximity to the outlet end of the pulverized coal nozzle. As a result, the ignitability of the pulverized coal, as well as a combustion rate, is enhanced, thereby reducing the amount of discharge of NOx.

Abstract: A pulverized fuel burner having lower emissions and lower unburned fuel losses by outwardly diverting and swirling pulverized fuel at the outlet of a fuel nozzle carrying the pulverized fuel. Diverting cone is positioned at the outlet of the fuel nozzle and include swirling plates connected there between for outwardly diverting some of the pulverized fuel and swirling a remainder of the pulverized fuel. Together these effects reduce the axial momentum of the fuel, shortening the flame and improving its emission and unburned fuel loss characteristics.

Abstract: A burner for burning powdered fuel in air. The air is divided into concentric annular currents. A tube (6) conveys primary air or gas. The tube is surrounded by another tube (12). The second tube conveys secondary air. The exit of the primary-air tube inside the secondary-air tube is surrounded by an annular baffle (26). The baffle is open at each end, has secondary air flowing through it, and extends axially beyond the primary-air tube as much as 25% of the tube's outside diameter. The thickness of the gap (25) between the primary-air tube and the baffle is at least 1.5% of that diameter.

Abstract: A burner (10) for the combustion of fuel comprises a passage (32) through which in operation a mixed flow of fuel and air passes for primary combustion at it's outlet. Two further annular passages (34, 36), concentric with and radially outward of the passage (32), are provided through which supplementary flows of air pass to support the primary combustion. The outlets of the two annular passages (34, 36) diverge to discharge the supplementary flows of air at an angle to the mixed flow of fuel and air. Members (62) are provided in the annular passage which obstruct the discharge of the supplementary flow of air. Furnace gases circulate in the region downstream of the obstruction members (62). Circulation of the furnace gases delays the mixing of the fuel and air mixture with the supplementary air flows to reduce the nitrogen oxides produced.

Abstract: A coal burner with impeller for a furnace has a housing containing a plurality of sets of blades which direct the fuel from the coal nozzle into a plurality of non-intersecting flows directed obliquely towards the longitudinal axis of the housing. The non-intersecting flows create a fuel-rich devolatilization zone and an air-rich char burnout zone within the furnace and limit the flame length of the burner.

Abstract: Device for mixing gas, liquids or pulverized solid substances with a gas flow (1), whirling (vortex) around an axis in the flow direction. The whirling gas flow is guided through a converging passage (4) and, during or after being charged with the substance, abruptly widens in cylindrical space (11), as a result of which vortex break down occurs and an exceptionally thorough mixing and/or atomizing of the substance is obtained. Application in a burner improves the combustion result, keeps the NOX-values low and prevents the flame from being blown off.

Abstract: Low NO.sub.x burners for the combustion of gaseous, liquid and solid fuels. The fluid dynamic principle of radial stratification by the combustion of swirling flow and a strong radial gradient of the gas density in the transverse direction to the axis of flow rotation is used to damp turbulence near the burner and hence to increase the residence time of the fuel-rich pyrolyzing mixture before mixing with the rest of the combustion air to effect complete combustion.

Abstract: In an apparatus for burning a combustible liquid containing a combustible liquid and water, a furnace (1) has a lower portion, an upper portion and a side portion extending between the lower portion and the upper portion. A burner (2) is placed at the lower portion of the furnace (1) for burning a fuel. A heat exchanger (3A) is connected to the furnace (1) for receiving a hot gas produced in the furnace (1) and heating the combustible liquid so as to vapourize the water. A generator (3B) is connected to the heat exchanger (3A) for generating the vapourized water. A heater (7) is placed at the upper portion of the furnace (1) and connected to the generator (3B) for heating the vapourized water so as to be dried before it enters into the furnace (1).

Abstract: A burner for pulverized coal has a coal duct for pulverized coal and primary combustion air and a secondary combustion air duct such that the coal and primary air and secondary air mix outside the outlet nozzles of the duct in a mixing zone at which combustion occurs. Coal distribution means in the coal duct create, adjacent the outlet nozzle, at least one outer zone of flow spaced from the coal duct axis and at least one inner zone of flow nearer the coal duct axis. These are means for slowing flow in the outer zone relative to the flow in the inner zone, prior to the mixing zone. To achieve good mixing, and promote NO.sub.x reduction, the coal concentration in the outer zone is higher than in the inner zone. The slowing means may be radially inwardly projecting baffles.

Abstract: A burner (1) for feeding solid and liquid or gaseous fuel into a burning zone (8) of a kiln, for instance a rotary kiln, and comprising central duct (2) for liquid or gaseous fuel, a surrounding annular duct (3) for primary air and a further surrounding annular duct (4) for solid fuel is provided with an outer duct system (5) for feeding yet an amount of primary air into the burning zone (8), the duct system (5) being in the form of a heat exchanger for transferring heat from the inner kiln compartment surrounding the burner (1) to the primary air transported in the duct system (5) and thereby increasing the velocity of the air passing through the system without any corresponding increase of the fan power or the energy consumption of the kiln plant, but with a substantial decrease in the amount of primary air fed to the burning zone. The duct system (5) is separated from the remainder parts of the burner (1) by an insulating layer (7).

Abstract: Device making it possible to effect the injection of sludge originating, in particular, from sewage-purification stations, into the combustion chamber of an incinerator, in particular of a household-refuse incinerator, characterized in that it comprises at least one injector (10) of small diameter, traversing the thermal-projection means of the combustion chamber and fed, at a constant rate for all of the injectors, via a distribution chamber (12), each injector consisting of a tube (18) having a cylindrical shape and comprising a conical nozzle (20), on the combustion chamber side, with the large diameter situated on the side of the outlet of the sludge from the injector, and in that each injector is thermally regulated in order to obtain a linear temperature gradient along the whole length of the injector, causing the formation in the injector, as the injection progresses, of a cylindrical element of sludge having a predetermined diameter and a surface crust in the zone close to the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A burner apparatus which comprises a pilot burner including a nozzle and swirlers disposed around the nozzle, and a plurality of main burners which are arranged around the pilot burner and each of which comprises a nozzle and swirlers disposed around the nozzle; and the angle of the swirlers for the pilot burner is set larger than the angle of the swirlers for the main burner so that the angles of the two types of swirlers cross. NOx production can be considerably reduced with a very simple structure based on the present invention for combustion in boilers and gas turbines.

Abstract: Improvements in a fuel burner for a boiler comprising a first assembly (S.sub.1) for delivering into the boiler (3) a fuel stream, a second assembly (S.sub.2) for delivering into the boiler a stream of secondary air, a precombustion chamber (6) extended with a certain length (L.sub.2) into the combustion chamber (2) in the boiler (3) and a nozzle flameholder (14), opposite the outlet of the fuel stream, which flameholder supplies fluid jets (F) directed against said fluid stream in order to provide a circulation zone in said precombustion chamber (6); a third assembly (S.sub.3) is provided for delivering into the boiler a tertiary air stream which laps the inner walls of the precombustion chamber (6) and optionally there is provided a fourth assembly (S.sub.5) for delivering a quaternary air stream from outlets (23) of the precombustion chamber (6).

Abstract: A method is disclosed which overcomes the problems which tend to occur in the retrofitting of coal burners for low-NOx emission. A gaseous or volatile liquid fuel is introduced into the primary or secondary air with the amount ranging from 2% to 25% of the boiler energy input as necessary to achieve the necessary NOx reduction and improved load following without operational problems. Optionally gas can be injected through gas burners in an amount ranging from 2% to 50% of the boiler energy input.

Abstract: In a power plant boiler having oil and coal burning capability, a coal disperser support tube and an oil gun extending through the disperser support tube are slidable in a bearing sleeve extending through a removable access plate in the wall of an elbow of a coal guide. The disperser is arranged to be withdrawn into the coal guide delivery pipe by a first two-position, reversible, linear pneumatic actuator, and the oil gun is arranged to be withdrawn into the disperser support tube by a second similar actuator the body of which is carried with the piston of the first actuator and the piston of which is connected to the oil gun. The piston of the second actuator is withdrawn when the piston of the first actuator is extended to minimize space requirements. The dispenser support, oil gun, actuators, and associated parts are all mounted on the removable access plate, and can be removed as a unit with the access plate.

Abstract: A method is disclosed which overcomes the problems which tend to occur in application low-NOx burners to coals in which the volatile matter is low in heat content. A gaseous or volatile liquid fuel is introduced into the ignition zone and/or the primary flame immediately downstream of the burner. This fuel will have the same effect as increased quality and quantity of the volatile content of the coal.

Abstract: A burner for the firing of pulverized solvent refined coal is constructed and operated such that the solvent refined coal can be fired successfully without any performance limitations and without the coking of the solvent refined coal on the burner components. The burner is provided with a tangential inlet of primary air and pulverized fuel, a vaned diffusion swirler for the mixture of primary air and fuel, a center water-cooled conical diffuser shielding the incoming fuel from the heat radiation from the flame and deflecting the primary air and fuel steam into the secondary air, and a watercooled annulus located between the primary air and secondary air flows.

Abstract: A low NOx burner comprises a pulverized coal nozzle for injecting a flow of a mixture of pulverized coal with primary air, a secondary air nozzle arranged externally of and coaxially with the pulverized coal nozzle, a tertiary air nozzle arranged externally of the secondary air nozzle and disposed coaxially with the pulverized coal nozzle, and a swirl flow generator for injecting secondary air and tertiary air as a respective swirl flow. Between the secondary air nozzle and the tertiary air nozzle, there is provided a spacer having such a thickness as to delay the mixing of the secondary air and the tertiary air and to form a swirl flow between the secondary air and the tertiary air.

Abstract: A combustion apparatus for low concentration NOx for burning gas, oil and coal along the same axis, having overcome the drawbacks of the prior art, without hindering the whirling of the air and also having prevented clogging of the nozzle and combustion vibration is provided, which apparatus is provided with a means for carrying pulverized coal by a primary air, a means for feeding a gas fuel through a gas nozzle, a means for separating combustion air into a secondary air and a tertiary air and feeding these airs, and a means for feeding and spraying an oil, and which apparatus is characterized by providing an annular space part between the flow paths of the secondary air and the tertiary air; and also arranging the gas nozzle penetrating through the annular space part in a movable manner in the axial direction.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for introducing slurry fuels into the combustion zone of high power density combustors, boilers, industrial furnaces or steam generators. Having the general form of an elongate cylinder, the apparatus comprises a central conduit for a flow of particulate carbonaceous fuel suspended in a carrier liquid, and separate annular passageways for an atomizing fluid and a coolant. The slurry flows longitudinally to about the position where it is to be dispersed into the combustion zone, is there divided into a plurality of streams that are deflected to flow individually through a corresponding plurality of radially extending passages and slurry portholes spaced apart around the periphery of the cylindrical structure. Just before these streams leave the injector they are each impinged by a higher-velocity longitudinal flow of atomizing fluid which breaks the filaments of viscous slurry into minute droplets.

Abstract: In a coal combustion system suitable for a gas turbine engine, pulverized coal is transported to a rich zone combustor and burned at an equivalence ratio exceeding 1 at a temperature above the slagging temperature of the coal so that combustible hot gas and molten slag issue from the rich zone combustor. A coolant screen of water stretches across a throat of a quench stage and cools the combustible gas and molten slag to below the slagging temperature of the coal so that the slag freezes and shatters into small pellets. The pelletized slag is separated from the combustible gas in a first inertia separator. Residual ash is separated from the combustible gas in a second inertia separator. The combustible gas is mixed with secondary air in a lean zone combustor and burned at an equivalence ratio of less than 1 to produce hot gas motive at temperature above the coal slagging temperature.

Abstract: The present invention provides an incinerator capable of completely burning pulverized coal or oil and waste products. The main feature of this invention resides in that a heavy oil or a pulverized coal can be mixed with a primary air flow and injected into the burning furnace so as to introduce a rapidly revolving secondary air flow from tangential air flow inlets on an inner pipe to help combustion and thus completely burn waste products which are sent into the incinerator through a preheating chamber. Tangential air inlets and a radiating whirling sheets are provided on the inner pipe of the incinerator so as to enable a primary air flow and a secondary air flow in the incinerator to continuously revolve the waste products and thus lengthen the time duration of combustion.

Abstract: An adapter to permit an oil burner head to burn pulverized coal alone or in combination with other fuels features a manifold in the form of a mirrored pair of scrolls forming a part of the burner head. The interiors of the scrolls are divided into separate coal and air passages which open into the primary air passage of the burner head through outlets uniformly circularly disposed thereabout.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for burning liquid fuels such as oil or the like and/or solid fuels, especially coal, peat or the like, in pulverized form, the latter either in dry condition or mixed with a carrier liquid such as water and/or oil to form an emulsion being introduced together with the liquid fuel into a combustion chamber while creating a recirculating flow profile, said flow profile being confined by a rotating outer flow of air. For thorough breaking-up of the fuel introduced into the combustion chamber the fuel inlet is constituted by a plurality of inlet ports approximately evenly distributed along a circumference, especially a circle, the liquid-fuel inlet ports and the inlet ports for solid fuel or a fuel emulsion being alternately arranged along said circumference. The fuel inlet ports may be directed either radially and/or at an outward inclination in the direction of flow, based on the longitudinal axis of the combustion chamber.

Abstract: Process for preventing clogging of an atomizing device, which is used to feed a fluid coal-liquid slurry fuel into a combustion chamber in the form of a particulate spray, by continuously passing all of the slurry fuel through a comminuting means positioned upstream of the atomizing device in the slurry fuel passage connected to the atomizer, and apparatus therefor.

Abstract: A fuel burner 2 for burning a fuel such as pulverized coal carried by a fluid, particularly air, has an inner passage for the particulate fuel-carrier medium and an outer passage for a combustion-supporting gas (typically oxygen-enriched air or pure oxygen). The inner passage typically terminates in a nozzle having an orifice therethrough. The inner passage 12 is surrounded by a jacket containing a pressurized fluid. A pressure sensor senses the pressure in the jacket. In the event that abrasive wear of the inner passage causes holes to be formed therein, fluid will pass from the jacket into the inner passage causing a pressure drop in the jacket which is sensed by the pressure sensor. The burner may then be shut down without any hazard having been caused by contact between the pulverized coal and pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched air. The burner may also be used for the autogenous oxidation or thermal cracking of chemicals.

Abstract: Wood-waste products, such as wood shavings, wood chips and sawdust, are burned in an apparatus having a waste burner comprising an elongated cylinder in which fuel and air are mixed and ignited before entering an enlarged combustion chamber. The waste burner is characterized by an elongated cylinder having a length substantially larger than its diameter so that the fuel can be heated to a temperature sufficient to pyrolyze volatiles and initiate combustion in the cylinder. A wood-waste burner apparatus is also provided and comprises the waste burner of the invention and a combustion chamber for receiving unburned fuel and combustion products emanating from the burner. A process for burning wood-waste products is also provided. The invention is especially well suited for retrofitting packaged boilers to accommodate wood-waste fuels.

Abstract: A boiler-heating assembly of a power plant has a fire chamber bounded by four vertical walls each supporting two main burners and two associated ignition burners. Each ignition burner has a cylindrical open-ended chamber with a central pipe terminating in an oil nozzle, a double-walled nozzle tube whose interspace optionally carries a mixture of air with brown-coal dust or oil set in rotation by a tangential feed, and a blower driving air axially through the chamber in an inner and an outer air stream separated by the double-walled nozzle. An annular baffle on the oil nozzle has a solid frustoconical rear surface deflecting the inner air stream radially outward across the air/fuel mixture exiting from the interspace and into contact with the outer air stream, both air streams corotating with that mixture.

Abstract: There are the primary fuel nozzle for jetting the first coal in the fine powder form with an air ratio up to 1, and the secondary fuel nozzle for jetting the second coal in the fine powder form with an air ratio at least 1 from the outer circumferential portion of the primary fuel nozzle. Swirl means are located at the top of the secondary fuel nozzle for swirling the second coal.

Abstract: A process for burning a carbonaceous slurry is provided. In this process, a high-solids content carbonaceous slurry with a specified particle size distribution and specified other properties is provided. Thereafter, the slurry is atomized and burned.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to permit, for operation with coal by itself, easy adjustment of the flame length without varying the gas flow and with a relatively stable flame divergence. The burner according to the invention comprises a cylindrical tube (1) through which an air/fuel mixture is ejected into the flame, and inside which a coaxial cylindrical part (6) can move along the axis in order to permit adjustment of the output speed of the gas. Advantageously, this part (6) constitutes a means for injecting air and fuel-oil for mixed operation or operation with fuel-oil by itself.

Abstract: In the preheating zone of a ceramic tunnel kiln, a smooth increase in the charge temperature over the full kiln cross-section and, for this reason, a high speed of throughput of goods through the kiln, may be produced by mixing up and heating the kiln gases by at least one flameless hot gas jet forced into the preheating zone of the tunnel kiln. This measure furthermore makes it possible for the heat or thermal balance of a tunnel kiln to be made better.

Abstract: A burner is disclosed for alternatively burning coal dust or oil. An annular housing includes a blower at one end thereof for directing a rotating air stream through the housing. A chamber located downstream from the blower has a plurality of outlet pipes extending downstream therefrom in an annular configuration about an atomizing nozzle and an eddy plate. An adjustable burner head is mounted on the end of each of the outlet pipes, the burner heads being arranged for optimum mixture of coal dust and air, fed from the chamber through the outlet pipes to the burner heads, with the rotating air stream passing about and through a hole in the eddy plate to insure optimum combustion. An oil ignition auxiliary burner having a nozzle between the eddy plate and the outlet end of the chamber serves to ignite the coal dust and air mixture. An atomizing nozzle for feeding atomized oil into the burner is provided as an alternative fuel source.

Abstract: Burner for use in a coal gasification process wherein a combustible mixture is formed comprising a combustion supporting gas such as oxygen, and a coal slurry. To avoid deposition of slag and ash particles along the hot, exposed face of the burner, a dynamic fluid blanket or barrier is directed transversely of the burner face. The fluid flow originates at the burner periphery and is addressed to sweep, or impinge against at least a part of the burner face adjacent to the central opening which defines the burner discharge port.