Abstract: The present invention relates to a gasification burner comprising a main burner, N-stage sub-burners arranged on the inner side of the main burner, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 1, the main burner and each stage of the sub-burners have independent fuel channels and oxidant channels respectively, the main burner and each stage of the sub-burners are arranged in a coaxial sleeves from outside to inside; the inner diameter of the main burner is larger than the outer diameter of the first stage of the sub-burners, and the inner diameter of each stage of the sub-burners is larger than the outer diameter of its next stage of the sub-burners; the gasification burner can ensure fuels and oxidants to be mixed fully and evenly in limited reaction space and residence time, accelerate combustion reaction rate, thereby improving fuel conversion rate and gasification performance; meanwhile, it can flexibly adjust flame shape without reducing the load of gasifier furnace by adjusting the load of the main bu

Abstract: This disclosure presents a clean burning flare stack, or gas flare, especially the tip portion thereof. The gas flare tip is air assisted to ensure clean burning. The disclosed gas flare tip provides smokeless clean burning of released gases. For example, the gas flare tip burns the released gases in a lean burning condition such that sufficient air is supplied to the surges of gases. In addition, the gas flare tip, by using a low pressure blower mixing chamber, is capable of handling low pressure gases and high pressure gases. As such, different flow rates may be provided to the gas flare tip when different amounts of low pressure and high pressure flammable gases are mixed with sufficient blower air to provide a clean burning condition. The disclosed smokeless gas flare is thus environmentally friendly and aesthetically appealing.

Abstract: A steam generating system includes a furnace, a nozzle tip assembly for pulverized coal and primary air as well as means for conveying secondary air in the furnace. The nozzle according to the invention comprises a nozzle body (3) and several channels (5) being connected with the nozzle body, the channels are diverging from each other. At the exit faces (17) of the channels obstructions (13) are disposed to induce huge turbulences of the primary air when entering the furnace. Due to these turbulences the primary air and the entrained coal are mixed very well before being combusted in the furnace. This results in a better more effective combustion with reduced NOx-emissions.

Abstract: An oxy-gaseous fuel burner (400, 500) or a solid fuel burner (700) having an annular cavity (404, 504, 704) upstream from and proximate to an outlet plane (416, 516, 716) and a converging (434, 734) or converging-diverging nozzle (537) located upstream from and proximal to the cavity (404, 504, 704). The solid fuel burner (700) also is preferably operated so that the velocity of gas exiting a second annulus (730) is less than the velocity of gas exiting a central conduit (710).

Abstract: There is provided a dispersion apparatus for use with a solid fuel burner. The dispersion apparatus comprises a passage through which particulate material may flow toward an outlet region for dispersal therefrom, the flow being at least in part rotational about the longitudinal axis of the passage. The dispersion apparatus also comprises a downstream guide means arranged within the passage at or near the outlet region, the downstream guide means configured to at least reduce the rotational motion so that the flow progresses toward the outlet region in a substantially uniform manner in a direction aligned with a longitudinal axis of the passage.

Abstract: A flame ionization detector has a combustion chamber with an electrode arrangement for measuring an electric current from a gas flame to an electrode of the electrode arrangement, a burner nozzle having at least one output-side outlet for ejecting a gas mixture to be ignited between the electrode arrangement and having at least one input-side inlet for feeding a hydrogen-containing combustible gas and a carbon-containing gaseous analyte through a transport channel to the outlet, and a feeder for feeding oxygen-containing combustion air into the combustion chamber, wherein at least one cut-out is provided in the burner nozzle, through which cut-out combustion air can pass from the combustion chamber into the gas mixture flowing out of the outlet.

Abstract: In an embodiment, the present invention provides a burner nozzle for a flame ionization detector, the nozzle including: an output-side outlet for ejecting a gas mixture to be ignited into a combustion chamber; an input-side inlet for feeding a combustible gas and a gaseous analyte through a transport channel to the outlet; and a cut-out, provided in the burner nozzle, through which cut-out combustion air can pass from the combustion chamber into the gas mixture flowing out of the outlet.

Abstract: A combustion system having a furnace defining a combustion chamber includes a first burner disposed at an upper elevation of the combustion chamber and a second burner and a third burner disposed at a lower elevation of the combustion chamber. A first duct extends vertically to convey therein a fuel flow of gas and pulverized fuel. A second duct branches from the first duct to the first burner to convey a first portion of the fuel flow, which is fuel lean, to define a fuel lean flow, wherein a second portion of the fuel flow passes through the first duct as a fuel rich flow. A third duct includes one end disposed longitudinally within the first duct. An impeller is disposed within the first duct upstream of the branching of the second duct and downstream of the one end of the third duct disposed in the first duct.

Abstract: A particulate material delivery system for an agricultural implement including, an inductor box configured to receive particulate material from a tank, the inductor box including, an inductor segment comprising an air bypass channel extending through a particulate material supply chamber, wherein the particulate material supply chamber is configured to receive the particulate material for distribution to at least one row unit, and the air bypass channel is configured to guide airflow through the particulate material supply chamber without interacting with a flow of the particulate material through the particulate material supply chamber, and an airflow control device in communication with the inductor segment and configured to control the airflow through the air bypass channel.

Abstract: A burner assembly combines oxygen and fuel to produce a flame. The burner assembly includes an oxygen supply tube adapted to receive a stream of oxygen and a fuel supply tube arranged to extend through the oxygen tube to convey a stream of fluidized, pulverized, solid fuel into a flame chamber. Oxygen flowing through the oxygen supply tube passes through oxygen-injection holes formed in the fuel supply tube and then mixes with fluidized, pulverized, solid fuel passing through the fuel supply tube to create an oxygen-fuel mixture in a downstream portion of the fuel supply tube. This mixture is discharged into the flame chamber and ignited in a flame chamber to produce a flame.

Abstract: A gas pipe ignitor for igniting a non-premixed air and fuel mixture includes a housing having an axially interior space along its length, a supply end segment, a flame end segment axially spaced from the supply end segment, and a flexible segment spaced between the supply end segment and the flame end segment. A fuel supply conduit extends axially within the housing, and the fuel supply conduit is operatively flexible with the flexible segment. An ignition conduit extends axially within the housing, and the ignition conduit is operatively flexible with the flexible segment. A detector conduit extends axially within the housing, and the detector conduit is operatively flexible with the flexible segment. An air supply conduit is operatively connected to the housing at the supply end segment and provides combustion air within the interior space.

Abstract: An oil-fired burner (30A) for warming, disposed adjacent to the outer periphery of a pulverized coal burner which inputs pulverized coal and air into a furnace, includes: an oil gun (32) for inputting an oil fuel disposed at the center of an outlet opening of a nozzle main body (31) substantially rectangular in cross-section; and a secondary air input port (40) disposed so as to surround the outer periphery of the oil gun (32), wherein the secondary air input port (40) is constituted of: a central arc section (41) substantially similar in shape to a circular diffuser (34) mounted on the leading end side of the oil gun (32); and rectangular sections (42L, 42R) provided continuously from both sides of the central arc section (41) and narrowed in face-to-face dimension in the direction of the adjacent pulverized coal burners so as to increase the distance from them.

Abstract: In a combustion experimental apparatus to obtain the positions of flames formed inside a tube (1), it is possible to adjust a temperature gradient in a longitudinal direction applied to the tube, by including a temperature-adjusting fluid supply device (2) to cause a temperature-adjusting fluid to flow along the tube.

Abstract: A method of assembling an injection device for use in a reactor injector feed assembly includes extending the injection device at least partially into a cavity. The injection device includes a plurality of substantially concentric conduits coupled to a modular tip that includes a plurality of cooling channels and a plurality of substantially annular nozzles defined therein. The method also includes coupling at least one coolant distribution device in flow communication with the plurality of cooling channels to facilitate removing heat from an outer surface of the injection device.

Abstract: A pulse jet system and method is disclosed. In an example, the pulse jet system includes a combustion chamber, intake ports to deliver combustion agents to the combustion chamber, an expansion chamber to cool a combustion product following combustion of the combustion agents in the combustion chamber, and an exhaust to exit the cooled gas from the expansion chamber. In another example, the pulse jet system includes a combustion chamber with intake ports to deliver combustion agents to the combustion chamber, wherein the combustion chamber is part of a four cycle engine. The pulse jet system also includes an expansion chamber to cool a combustion product following combustion of the combustion agents in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A gasification system including a first feed line, a second feed line, a stabilization fuel line, and a fuel feed system controller including a processor. The processor is programmed to enable the stabilization fuel line to inject a stabilization fuel into a gasifier to initiate a stabilizer flame inside the gasifier, enable the first feed line to inject a dry fuel into the gasifier at a start-up dry fuel flow rate, increase the flow rate of the dry fuel from the start-up dry fuel flow rate to a normal operating condition (NOC) dry fuel flow rate, decrease a flow rate of the stabilization fuel as the flow rate of the dry fuel increases to the NOC dry fuel flow rate, and prevent the stabilization fuel line from injecting the stabilization fuel into the gasifier once the flow rate of the dry fuel is at the NOC dry fuel flow rate.

Abstract: The burner preferably exclusively burns substantially explosible solid fuels and preferably has instant ON-OFF thermostat control, wastes no energy preheating the enclosure or external air supply, achieves stable combustion the moment the powder-air mix is ignited in our burner, is used in the upward vertical mode except for oil burner retrofits, burns a solid fuel in a single-phase regime as if it were a vaporized liquid or gas, is designed to complete combustion within the burner housing itself rather than in a large, high temperature furnace enclosure which it feeds, has an ultra-short residence time requirement, is a recycle consuming burner with self-contained management of initially unburned particles, is much smaller, simpler and lower cost, has a wider dynamic range/turndown ratio, is more efficient in combustion completeness and thermal efficiency, and operates with air-fuel mix approximately at the flame speed.

Abstract: Methods of combustion include metering a substantially explosible powder into an oxidizing gas using a positive displacement powder dispersion device to suspend the powder in the gas and directing the powder in the gas to form a controlled stream of a moving explosible powder dispersion. In some embodiments, the method further includes igniting the dispersion with an ignition source to produce a stationary deflagrating combustion wave and sustaining combustion by continuing to meter the powder into the gas. In other embodiments, the method further includes adjusting a nozzle velocity of the dispersion to reflect properties of the dispersion to create a sustainable flame and igniting the dispersion to produce a stationary deflagrating wave of the dispersion. In other embodiments, the method further includes igniting the dispersion in a combustion area to produce a stationary deflagrating wave such that a conductive heat transfer from combustion brings the powder to combustion temperature.

Abstract: A premix burner arrangement for safely oxygen-enriching a premix air-fuel combustion system is disclosed. In the disclosed burner arrangement, a first conduit is arranged and disposed to provide a first gas stream. The first gas stream is a self-reactive or self-flammable premixture comprising air and a combustible gas. At least one second conduit is arranged and disposed to provide a second gas stream circumferentially around the first gas stream. The second gas stream includes oxygen. The premix burner arrangement is configured to combust or react the first stream at a temperature at least 1000° F. greater than the temperature of the second stream. A method and combustion system including the premix burner arrangement are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an apparatus and method of constructing a stationary wear-resistant stationary nozzle 200 and/or nozzle liner 230 for solid fueled furnaces. A transition section 210 is constructed from several flat pieces 211-218 several that may have identical starting shapes. This reduces manufacturing complexity and costs. All pieces 211-218 have a high-wear weld overlay on their inner surface 316, 416. Corner pieces 215-218 are folded into a corner shape at an outlet edge 412 and rolled into a curved shape at an inlet edge 411. Horizontal 211, 212 and vertical pieces 213, 214 are only rolled at an inlet edge 311. The pieces have seam tab 240 along longitudinal edges that are welded together to construct a transition section 210. The transition section 210 may be used as a liner to reduce wear in an existing stationary nozzle or may be constructed to be connected to an inlet piece 220 to form a strong, wear-resistant coal nozzle 200.

Abstract: A pulverized coal burner and a pulverized coal boiler. The coal burner comprises a primary air cylinder (111) and a pulverized coal concentration device (112). The coal concentration device (112) makes the concentration of the coal flow gradually decrease from inside to outside along the radial direction, with respect to an axis (100) of the primary air cylinder (111). The coal burner further comprises a coal separating cylinder (113) and a coal guiding cylinder (114) located downstream of the device (112), the rear end of the cylinder (113) is connected with the front end of the coal guiding cylinder (114). The outlet of the cylinder (114) has a conical expansion portion (1141). The coal burner further comprises a divergent nozzle (115) connected with the rear end of the primary air cylinder (111) and whose cross-sectional area gradually increases along the flow direction of the coal flow.

Abstract: A burner having a secondary air regulator is provided. The secondary air regulator has an end plate having a bored hole penetrating in an axial direction and for forming a cylindrical space with peripheral surface opened in a space with the furnace core side surface of the wind box, a rotary damper having a bored hole penetrating in an axial direction and being capable to open or close the hole on the end plate by rotating in a peripheral direction, a sliding damper for surrounding the cylindrical space and being slidable in an axial direction, air vanes installed at a predetermined distance along circumference of the cylindrical space and for giving swirling to the secondary air, first driving means for rotating the rotary sliding damper, and second driving means for sliding the sliding damper.

Abstract: The invention relates to a solid fired hot gas generator which comprises a plurality of solid burners for extending the regulating range, which form a multiple solid burner with an enlarged regulating range. A solid feed and a combustion air feed are assigned to each solid burner and with the aid of a dosing means a separate, dosed solid feed to each solid burner is guaranteed. The firing power of the multiple solid burner which is in particular a multiple impulse burner extends from the minimum power of one of the solid burners to the maximum power of all solid burners so that a regulation of all necessary load regions of a plant unit to be supplied is covered.

Abstract: A burner is arranged axially of a burner throat on a furnace wall and includes a nozzle body housed in a wind box and with a secondary air adjuster on a leading end of the nozzle body. The adjuster includes an end plate for defining together with a near-furnace side surface of the wind box a cylindrical space opened in an outer circumference thereof, a slide damper axially slidable for surrounding the cylindrical space, air vanes arranged at predetermined intervals and circumferentially of the cylindrical space for swirling a secondary air and drive means and for slide movement of the slide damper.

Abstract: A pulverized coal boiler of the present invention is structured so as to form, among upper and lower after-air nozzles, an opening serving as an outlet of the lower after-air nozzle positioned on the upstream side is formed in a rectangular shape, a cylindrical section for defining a minimum flow path area of combustion air flowing through a flow path of the after-air nozzle is installed inside of the lower after-air nozzles along the flow path of the lower after-air nozzle, and a swirl blade for giving a swirl force to the combustion air flowing through the flow path of the after-air nozzles is installed inside of the cylindrical section, and the flow path of the lower after-air nozzles is formed so that a flow path area of the flow path of the after-air nozzles through which the combustion air flows from a position where the cylindrical section is installed toward the opening of each of the lower after-air nozzles is expanded.

Abstract: A nozzle tip [100] for a pulverized solid fuel pipe nozzle [200] of a pulverized solid fuel-fired furnace includes: a primary air shroud [120] having an inlet [102] and an outlet [104], wherein the inlet [102] receives a fuel flow [230]; and a flow splitter [180] disposed within the primary air shroud [120], wherein the flow splitter disperses particles in the fuel flow [230] to the outlet [104] to provide a fuel flow jet which reduces NOx in the pulverized solid fuel-fired furnace. In alternative embodiments, the flow splitter [180] may be wedge shaped and extend partially or entirely across the outlet [104]. In another alternative embodiment, flow splitter [180] may be moved forward toward the inlet [102] to create a recessed design.

Abstract: A replacement burner system which facilitates reduction of nitrous oxide produced during combustion of a fuel. The replacement burner system comprising a fuel supply duct having an inlet and an outlet with a fuel deflector located within the fuel supply duct to facilitate redistribution of a flow of the fuel. An adjustable coal nozzle is located within the fuel supply duct between the fuel deflector and the outlet. An exterior surface of the fuel supply duct supports an air swirling device, and the air swirling device obstructs between 65% and 75% of the transverse flow area, located between an exterior surface of the fuel supply duct and the inwardly facing surface of the venturi register, after the replacement burner system is accommodated within the windbox of a combustion boiler.

Abstract: Method and device for combusting a solid phase fuel, where the fuel is caused, by the help of a non-pneumatic feeding element (11), to be fed to an inlet opening (11a) in a burner device (10), where the burner device (10) includes a first inlet (13a) for the oxidant through which an oxidant is caused to flow via a first supply conduit (13). The first inlet (13a) for oxidant is arranged in the form of a first opening arranged by the inlet opening, through which the oxidant is caused to flow out, through a burner pipe (16) and out through a burner orifice (17) to a combustion space (18), so that the oxidant by ejector action causes the fuel to be conveyed through the burner pipe and out through the burner orifice (17), and water vapour is added to the oxidant before the oxidant reacts with the fuel.

Abstract: A precombustor having a chamber having a first end and a second end, and an inlet configured to deliver a substantially parallel flow of solid fuel surrounded by oxygen at the first end. The first end further includes a recirculation step and the second end fluidly communicates with a furnace. The inlet and the recirculation step are arranged to form a recirculation zone of at least a portion of the solid fuel and the oxygen. A combustion system and method for operating a combustion system are also disclosed.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure include devices and methods for controlling combustion air. For example, in one embodiment, a method for controlling combustion air includes determining an amount of leaking air in a boiler, determining a constant that depends on a heating value of a fuel in the boiler, and adjusting an amount of controlled air supplied to the boiler.

Abstract: In a burner for highly caking coal in which a solid fuel channel that is attached penetrating through a surrounding wall of a gasifier for gasifying a highly caking solid fuel that has been pulverized into particles and that supplies the solid fuel into the gasifier by gas flow transportation, and a gasifying agent channel that supplies a gasifying agent into the gasifier are provided, a blockage detection unit that detects a blockage situation of the solid fuel channel is provided, and a process for reducing the temperature of the solid fuel is performed when the blockage detection unit detects a predetermined blockage situation.

Abstract: An outer shroud for a solid fuel nozzle tip includes: an top shell portion and a bottom shell portion, each portion fabricated from a preform produced from a single sheet of flat stock and each shell portion including a forward area and a backward area and outlet sidewalls, wherein a right outlet sidewall and a left outlet sidewall are each separated from the forward area by a rounded corner; and a left inlet sidewall and a right inlet sidewall coupled to the top shell portion and the bottom shell portion.

Abstract: A burner 15 where a secondary air regulator 36 is provided on a forward end of a nozzle main unit 16 to be installed along the central axis of a burner throat 13 being installed on a furnace wall 12 and to be accommodated in a wind box 14, wherein the secondary air regulator has an end plate 37 having a bored hole 38 penetrating in an axial direction and for forming a cylindrical space 48 with peripheral surface opened in a space with the furnace core side surface of the wind box, a rotary damper 42 having a bored hole 45 penetrating in an axial direction and being capable to open or close the hole on the end plate by rotating in a peripheral direction, a sliding damper 52 for surrounding the cylindrical space and being slidable in an axial direction, air vanes 46 and 47 installed at a predetermined distance along circumference of the cylindrical space and for giving swirling to the secondary air 34, first driving means 54, 56 and 44 for rotating the rotary sliding damper, and second driving means 53 and 55 f

Abstract: In a burner for highly caking coal in which a solid fuel channel and a gasifying agent channel are provided in a double pipe structure, the temperature increase of the particles of a highly caking solid fuel and the resulting fusion and expansion of the particles are prevented or suppressed, thereby enabling a stable operation of the gasifier. In a burner for highly caking coal in which a solid fuel channel that is attached for gasifying a highly caking solid fuel that has been pulverized into particles and that supplies the solid fuel into the gasifier, and a gasifying agent channel that supplies a gasifying agent into the gasifier are provided in a double pipe structure, the burner has a triple pipe structure including a cooling water channel that circulates cooling water between the solid fuel channel and the gasifying agent channel, and the cooling water is recovered after use.

Abstract: A spray nozzle is provided with upper and lower channels and from respective surfaces, the two channels form a cross shape, and become a fuel spray hole by communication of an intersecting part. A guide member is provided, in contact with the upstream-side channel, in a position overlapped with the intersecting part with respect to the spray direction of the spray nozzle. Spray fluid is branched with the guide member from the fuel fluid duct connected to the spray nozzle, passes through the upstream-side channel, to the intersecting part, and is sprayed. The spray fluid forms opposed flows toward the intersecting part in the upstream-side channel to collide with each other at an obtuse angle of 90° or greater, then is sprayed from the intersecting part, to form a thin fan-shaped liquid film. The liquid film is divided by a shearing force from the peripheral gas, atomized into spray particles.

Abstract: A burner assembly combines oxygen and fuel to produce a flame. The burner assembly includes an oxygen supply tube adapted to receive a stream of oxygen and a fuel supply tube arranged to extend through the oxygen tube to convey a stream of fluidized, pulverized, solid fuel into a flame chamber. Oxygen flowing through the oxygen supply tube passes through oxygen-injection holes formed in the fuel supply tube and then mixes with fluidized, pulverized, solid fuel passing through the fuel supply tube to create an oxygen-fuel mixture in a downstream portion of the fuel supply tube. This mixture is discharged into the flame chamber and ignited in a flame chamber to produce a flame.

Abstract: A solid fuel burner and a combustion device using the solid fuel burner includes: a throat provided to the outer periphery of a fuel nozzle and injecting combustion gas into a furnace; a duct for delivering the combustion gas to the throat, the duct being provided with an inlet opening into which the gas is introduced from a direction perpendicular to the central axis of the nozzle and having a flow path formed so as to be bent at a right angle in the direction of the central axis of the nozzle; a damper provided in the duct; and a differential pressure detection device for detecting the difference between the pressure of the combustion gas flowing through the upstream portion of the duct and the pressure of the combustion gas flowing through the downstream portion of the duct. The damper is provided near and downstream of the inlet opening of the duct.

Abstract: A solid fuel nozzle tip for issuing a flow of mixed solid fuel and air into a boiler or furnace includes an outer nozzle body having an outer flow channel extending therethrough from an inlet to an outlet of the outer nozzle body. An inner nozzle body has an inner flow channel extending therethrough from an inlet to an outlet of the inner nozzle body. The inner nozzle body is mounted within the outer nozzle body with the inner flow channel inboard of and substantially aligned with the outer flow channel. The inner and outer nozzle bodies are joined together so as to accommodate movement relative to one another due to thermal expansion and contraction of the outer and inner nozzle bodies.

Abstract: A pulverized coal concentrator for a pulverized coal burner, the concentrator is fixedly arranged inside the pulverized coal burner and comprises a front part (102) and a rear part (101), wherein the front part (1020 is designed as a bowl-shaped structure, for guiding and concentrating an air-pulverized coal flow, and the rear part (101) is designed as a cylinder-shaped structure, for maintaining a proper extension of the dense phase zone of the air pulverized coal flow. Also a pulverization coal burner is provided comprising the pulverized coal concentrator, in particular an internal combustion-type pulverized coal burner. The pulverized coal concentrator increases the adaptability of burner to coal quality, air velocity and pulverized coal density.

Abstract: A burner for a reaction furnace (12) including a fuel tube (2), an oxidizer tube (3) covering an outer periphery of the fuel tube, and a displacement absorbing member (7) provided on at least a part of the oxidizer tube. The fuel tube and the oxidizer tube have a proximal end fixed to a side wall of the reaction furnace and penetrating an outer vessel (11). The oxidizer tube is positioned with respect to the side wall of the inner vessel to suppress a length of a distal end of each of the oxidizer tube and the fuel tube projecting to an inside of the gasification furnace (10). Thermal stretching in an axial direction of the oxidizer tube is absorbed by the displacement absorbing member attached to the oxidizer tube.

Abstract: A method of introducing oxygen into a boiler system for combustion with a prepared fuel in a furnace combustion chamber comprises providing a plurality of swirl-inducing elements to the air stream delivery lines, and a plurality of oxygen delivery jets adjacent the intake region and substantially surrounding the air stream delivery lines; igniting the fuel gas to create a flame; and delivering a stream of oxygen through the jets tangentially to the flame envelope to substantially shape and stabilize a swirling flow field for the flame, the oxygen concentration in the flame envelope gradually increasing towards an outer periphery of the flame envelope. A boiler system for using the method can be a new system or a retrofit to an existing system. The method and system provide advantages in reduced environmental impact and increased efficiency while addressing the safety factors involved in introducing oxygen to boiler systems.

Abstract: A burner includes a primary air-coal mixture duct coaxially extended through a secondary air wind box, a pulverized coal separator supported within the primary air-coal mixture duct, a secondary air duct including an inner secondary air duct and an outer secondary air duct coaxially formed around the primary air-coal mixture duct, a primary air-coal mixture conical outlet coupled with the outlet of the primary air-coal mixture duct, and inner secondary air and outer conical outlets coupled with the outlets of the inner secondary air and outer secondary air ducts respectively. The conical outlets are arranged to delay the mixing time of the primary air-coal mixture and secondary air flows through the primary air-coal mixture and secondary air ducts and to prolong the residence time in the center recirculation zone under the reduction ability so as to effectively reduce the formation of NOx.

Abstract: This application concerns methods and apparatus for use in industrial waste recovery operations such as recovery of non-consumed chemicals in industrial processes, with recovery of quick lime in a wood pulp process being an example. In some embodiments, methods comprise baking lime sludge in a kiln and controlling a temperature in a calcining zone of the kiln to be above about 2250° F. to vaporize sodium contained in the lime sludge. Interaction of the vaporized sodium with SOx can deter accumulation of one or both of CaCO3 and CaSO4 on one or more inner surfaces of the kiln. In some embodiments, lime sludge can be rinsed to generate a filtrate comprising dissolved NaOH, and the filtrate can charge a scrubber for removing SOx from an exhaust from the kiln. Embodiments of co-fired burners for heating such kilns by burning petroleum coke and natural gas are also disclosed.

Abstract: In a boiler furnace having nozzles for introducing combustion media such as air and coal, nozzle tip walls that have the greatest exposure to radiant heat and hot gases are provided with arrays of air holes that allow air to flow to the exposed sides of the walls from the opposite sides in order to reduce the temperature difference between the two sides and thereby reduce thermal distortion and damage resulting from oxidation.

Abstract: In order to provide a rotary-furnace burner in which the quantity fraction of cost-effective particulate secondary fuels to be used as energy carriers can be increased and the configuration of the burner flame can be influenced, even during the operation of the burner, it is proposed, according to the invention, to arrange an expansion chamber open towards the burner mouth and having a widened cross section, as compared with the tube or individual tubes in the burner in front of the issue of the tube or tubes for blowing out the secondary fuels, and to make the axial length and the volume of the expansion chamber variable, during the operation of the burner, by means of the axial displacement of the secondary-fuel tubes, so that the particulate secondary fuel particles blown out at the burner mouth with a considerably reduced velocity do not fly past the burner flame, but, instead, burn out in the flame.

Abstract: A method for retrofitting a pulverized coal boiler in an air combustion boiler system is disclosed, which has a plurality of burners over a plurality of stages along the vertical direction on a wall surface of a furnace of the pulverized coal boiler and an after-air port for introducing air for two-stage combustion located above the burners to retrofit into a two-stage combustion pulverized coal boiler in an oxyfuel combustion boiler system.

Abstract: A combustion system for combusting air and fuel includes a primary combustion zone configured to produce combustion gases from the air and the fuel and an intermediate air zone downstream from the primary combustion zone. The intermediate air zone is configured to inject an intermediate air stream into the combustion gases. The combustion system further includes a burnout zone downstream from the intermediate air zone, wherein the burnout zone is configured to inject an overfire air stream into the combustion gases, and at least one hybrid-boosted air injector within at least one of the intermediate air zone and the burnout zone. The at least one hybrid-boosted air injector is configured to substantially simultaneously inject a boosted air stream and a windbox air stream into the combustion gases.

Abstract: An outer shroud for a solid fuel nozzle tip includes: an top shell portion and a bottom shell portion, each portion fabricated from a preform produced from a single sheet of flat stock and each shell portion including a forward area and a backward area and outlet sidewalls, wherein a right outlet sidewall and a left outlet sidewall are each separated from the forward area by a rounded corner; and a left inlet sidewall and a right inlet sidewall coupled to the top shell portion and the bottom shell portion.

Abstract: A method for extracting energy from biomass depleted of at least some carbohydrate, at least some oil, or both by a) introducing the biomass into a vertically elongated combustion chamber having i) at least one suspension burner at the top of the combustion chamber which is capable of projecting a flame down the axis of the combustion chamber, ii) a heat transfer apparatus having at least a portion of a heat collection surface located radially from the flame and below the burner, and iii) an exhaust opening located below the flame and below at least a portion of the heat collection surface; b) combusting the biomass to yield a mixture containing hot flue gas and molten ash above the exhaust opening; c) transferring heat from the hot flue gas to at least a portion of the heat collection surface substantially by radiation prior to any substantial contact of ash to a surface of the combustion chamber, to yield a mixture containing warm flue gas and non-molten ash and having a lower molten ash content than the mi

Abstract: Disclosed is a burner for oxidant gasification of pulverized fuels under high pressures, e.g. 80 bar, and temperatures, e.g. 1200 to 1900° C., in reactors with liquid slag removal for oxygen gasification. The individual pulverized coal supply tubes in the burner are inclined toward the burner axis in the direction of the burner mouth, are implemented equiareally from the burner inlet up to the burner outlet, and end at the burner mouth adjacent to the oxidant outlet. Owing to the pulverized fuel feeding elements being implemented right up to the burner mouth and the instantaneous entry of the pulverized coal into the rotating oxygen stream there is no longer any areal discontinuity at the dust outlet, since here the pulverized coal stream is immediately sucked into the oxidant stream. At the outlet of the media the individual pulverized coal streams merge into a single rotating pulverized coal/oxygen stream, thereby achieving an even flame spread and stabilization.