Abstract: Apparatus for burning fuel comprises a conduit having an outlet end for supplying a fuel/air mixture to a fuel burning zone. A nozzle structure is provided adjacent the outlet end of the conduit mounted for pivotal movement about a pivot axis extending transversely across the conduit. The nozzle structure has an inlet end portion surrounding the outlet end of the conduit and has a plurality of separate outlet sections joining the inlet end portion. Swirl vanes are mounted in each of the outlet sections for causing the fuel/air mixture in adjacent outlet sections to swirl about respective central swirl axes of the outlet sections in opposite directions.

Abstract: An outage protection system for a SCR (selective catalytic reduction) reactor utilizes a pair of dampers to isolate the catalyst bed and the ammonia injection grid of the SCR reactor and to provide a blower driven closed loop flow of externally heated air from the injector grid across the catalyst bed to an external heater and back to the injection grid.

Abstract: A coal burner with impeller for a furnace has a housing containing a plurality of sets of blades which direct the fuel from the coal nozzle into a plurality of non-intersecting flows directed obliquely towards the longitudinal axis of the housing. The non-intersecting flows create a fuel-rich devolatilization zone and an air-rich char burnout zone within the furnace and limit the flame length of the burner.

Abstract: Device for mixing gas, liquids or pulverized solid substances with a gas flow (1), whirling (vortex) around an axis in the flow direction. The whirling gas flow is guided through a converging passage (4) and, during or after being charged with the substance, abruptly widens in cylindrical space (11), as a result of which vortex break down occurs and an exceptionally thorough mixing and/or atomizing of the substance is obtained. Application in a burner improves the combustion result, keeps the NOX-values low and prevents the flame from being blown off.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing the formation of nitrogen oxides during combustion in a roof-fired furnace is disclosed. By blocking at least some of the fuel nozzles associated with a roof-fired burner while leaving open the secondary air openings associated with the blocked fuel nozzles, reduction in NOX emissions from roof-fired furnaces is accomplished. This blocking results in the creation of a localized fuel-rich or just slightly fuel-lean environment near open fuel nozzles because part of the secondary air needed for combustion is being added at a location distant from where the initial combustion occurs. By creating a localized fuel-rich or slightly fuel-lean environment near the open fuel nozzles, the initial stages of combustion occur with little or no excess oxygen present. Because much of the fuel-bound nitrogen is liberated during the initial stages of combustion, it will preferentially react to form molecular nitrogen rather than nitrogen oxides because of the lack of available oxygen.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of supplying coal and sulphur absorbent to a combustor with combustion in a fluidized bed. The coal is crushed and sorted into a fine and a coarse fraction. The fine fraction is mixed with water, possibly with oil and/or emulsifier, into a paste which is pumped into the bed of the combustor via a number of first nozzles. The coarse coal fraction is supplied to the combustor pneumatically in dry state, directly or via at least one lock hopper systems and a number of other nozzles. The invention also relates to a power plant for application of the method.

Abstract: A low nox burner for use in a tangentially-fired furnace having a pivotally mounted burner tip attached to a fuel passage that in operation, conveys pulverized coal carried by an airstream. The burner tip includes a plurality of first and second blade members extending substantially radially from a centrally positioned, cone-shaped support member. A fuel guide surrounds and is attached to the outer ends of the first and second blade members thereby defining alternating fuel-rich and fuel-lean channels between the centrally positioned support member and inside of the fuel guide. An air guide surrounds the fuel guide and defines a passage for combustion air which is received from an air housing. The position of the air guide with respect to the fuel guide is maintained by a plurality of angled vanes which are operative to impart rotational forces to the combustion air traveling between the air guide and the fuel guide.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for disposing of hazardous waste material by burning in a cement-producing kiln includes providing a predetermined quantity of hazardous waste material in a predetermined configuration, and providing an apparatus for aerating and using that apparatus to aerate the hazardous waste material to produce a supplementary fuel having a predetermined density. The method also includes providing an apparatus for injecting the hazardous waste material into the cement kiln and includes the step of injecting the hazardous waste material into the cement kiln at a predetermined injection rate thereby causing the hazardous waste material to burn while suspended in the kiln atmosphere and causing the hazardous waste material to supplement the primary fuel source and maintaining the cement-producing temperature within the kiln.

Abstract: Pulverized coal and air flowing-in a coal nozzle are distributed for combustion with low NOX generation by a concentric central duct with long exterior spiraling vanes which extend upstream and attach to a support pipe extending further upstream in the nozzle. The space from the downstream end of the support pipe to the upstream end of the central duct, and the cross section of the pipe relative to the cross section of the central duct regulate the entry of coal and air into the central duct from which the flow emerges with reduced velocity as a central stream stabilizing the flame. The central duct also has an exterior short vane attached to each long vane to separate the pulverized fuel and air outerflow into fuel-enriched swirling streams and fuel-depleted recirculation zones.

Abstract: A burner system for a furnace includes horizontal rows of cell burners some of which contain a secondary air port vertically spaced from a coal nozzle. The cell burners are in the front and rear walls of the furnace. Near the side walls of the furnace, which are connected between the front and rear walls, additional double-burner cells are provided which include a pair of vertically spaced coal nozzles or burners. Either a single lower row or a lower and upper row of cell burners include the double-burner cells at the side walls. The double cell burners are operated at 1.0 or higher throat stoichiometry. This reduces corrosion at the side walls while only slightly increasing NO.sub.x emission.

Abstract: A combustion apparatus including a mixture feeding pipe for injecting a mixture of pulverized coal for combustion air into a furnace, with the mixture being then ignited. A first gas feeding passage is disposed outwardly of the mixture feeding pipe for feeding oxygen-containing gas into the furnace, with a second gas feeding passage being disposed between the gas feeding passage and the mixture feeding pipe, in a radial direction, for feeding the oxygen-containing gas into the furnace. A projection is disposed between the gas feeding passage and the mixture feeding pipe and extends at an exposed end surface thereof into the furnace beyond an exposed end of the mixture feeding pipe, with the projection being hollow for allowing the oxygen-containing gas to flow within the projection.

Abstract: A coal-fired firetube boiler and a method for converting a gas-fired firetube boiler to a coal-fired firetube boiler, the converted boiler including a plurality of combustion zones within the firetube and controlled stoichiometry within the combustion zones.

Abstract: A method of operating a fossil fuel-fired power generation system (10, 10', 10", 10'") in order to thereby optimize the operating efficiency thereof.

Abstract: A burner flame stabilizer which circumferentially stages the air to form circumferentially-spaced fuel rich and fuel lean zones for lowering of NO.sub.x is described. A circumferential solid fuel stager is described, which operates with a fuel stabilizer to provide increased dwell time for coal particles volatilization in a recirculation zone established by the flame stabilizer. Various embodiments are described.

Abstract: Low NO.sub.x burners for the combustion of gaseous, liquid and solid fuels. The fluid dynamic principle of radial stratification by the combustion of swirling flow and a strong radial gradient of the gas density in the transverse direction to the axis of flow rotation is used to damp turbulence near the burner and hence to increase the residence time of the fuel-rich pyrolyzing mixture before mixing with the rest of the combustion air to effect complete combustion.

Abstract: A burner assembly in which an annular passage is provided for transporting an fuel/air mixture to a furnace inlet. A conical divider member is disposed within the annular passage for dividing the stream of fuel/air passing through the passage into two radially-spaced coaxial, passages. A plurality of angularly-spaced walls are disposed within one of said passages for dividing the latter passage into a plurality of segments for splitting up fuel/air stream so that, upon ignition of said fuel, a plurality of flame patterns are formed. Ribs are provided on one of the surfaces defining the other passage to concentrate the fuel portion of the mixture flowing through said latter passage to form an additional flame pattern which is surrounded by the above-mentioned plurality of flame patterns.

Abstract: A flame retaining nozzle tip for a burner for a pulverized fuel fired furnace receiving a primary stream of pulverized fuel and primary transport and combustion air for discharge into the combustion zone of the furnace comprises a hollow, open-ended, choke or body having an inlet end of generally polygonal flow cross-section for receiving the stream and an outlet end of generally rounded cross-section for accelerating and discharging the stream into the furnace. The outlet end of the choke has a flow cross-sectional area that is less than that of the inlet end to provide choking action. An elongated center element is mounted in coaxial alignment with a central axis of the choke body extending between the inlet and outlet ends.

Abstract: A low-nox burner for use in industrial furnaces and/or boilers which burn pulverized coal. The burner includes a burner tip which divides an annular pulverized coal stream into alternating fuel-rich and fuel-lean streams. The tip includes a plurality of alternating main and secondary blade members which are skewed to produce rotational movement in the streams. The main blade has a leading edge that is aligned with a radial vector extending through a center axis of the burner and a trailing edge that is tilted with respect to the radial vector in order to define a substantially planar surface between the leading and trailing edges. The secondary blade includes leading and trailing edges that are both aligned with radial vectors and defines a twisted surfaces between the edges. The secondary blade is skewed with respect to the longitudinal direction by an angle that is substantially greater than the angle at which the main blade is skewed.

Abstract: Method for producing hot drying gas by a burning flowable biological refuse in an incinerator which comprises a vertical cyclone furnace. Fuel together with primary combustion air is tangentially injected into the vertical cyclone furnace, and secondary combustion air and tertiary combustion air are injected into a throat. A cooled rotating ash scrapper is provided in the bottom of the vertical cyclone furnace and waste gas is conducted through the throat to a secondary combustion chamber in which an incineration of residuals takes place and from which a drying gas is removed. A combustion retarding gas is injected into the hottest area of the vertical cyclone furnace so that a sintering and the formation of slag is avoided.

Abstract: A flame stabilizer for a burner of solid fuel, such as pulverized coal or sander wood dust, is described whereby the swirl number is varied radially to enhance swirl inducement towards the periphery of the flame stabilizer while more axial flow occurs near the central conduit through which fuel is supplied. The amount of swirl and the amount of combustion air being selected so as to provide an integrated swirl number for the flame stabilizer in the range from about 0.6 to about 2.0. A pressure control ring is described with which the static pressure in the windbox is increased to a level where flame pulsations attributable to low static pressure in the windbox are reduced while the vortex is maintained. An enhanced axial combustion air flow around the discharge end of the fuel supply conduit is described to modify the position of the adverse pressure gradient boundary in a downstream direction.

Abstract: Apparatus and process for improving atomization and combustion of fuel containing solid particles, wherein the fuel containing solid particles is ejected from an outlet port having a conical or trumpet end-like internal wall surface and a fuel atomizing fluid is ejected from a plurality of bores present in the conical or trumpet end-like internal wall surface of the outlet port.

Abstract: A burner assembly in which an annular passage is provided for transporting an fuel/air mixture to a furnace inlet. A conical divider member is disposed within the annular passage for dividing the stream of fuel/air passing through the passage into two radially-spaced coaxial, passagaes. A plurality of angularly-spaced walls are disposed within one of said passages for dividing the latter passage into a plurality of segments for splitting up fuel/air stream so that, upon ignition of said fuel, a plurality of flame patterns are formed. Ribs are provided on one of the surfaces defining the other passage to concentrate the fuel portion of the mixture flowing through said latter passage to form an additional flame pattern which is surrounded by the above-mentioned plurality of flame patterns.

Abstract: An advanced overfire air system for NO.sub.x control designed for use in a firing system of the type that is particularly suited for use in fossil fuel-fired furnaces and a method of operating such a furnace which embodies an advanced overfire air system. The advanced overfire air system for NO.sub.x control includes multi-elevations of overfire air compartments consisting of a plurality of close coupled overfire air compartments and a plurality of separated overfire air compartments. The close coupled overfire air compartments are supported at a first elevation in the furnace and the separated overfire air compartments are supported at a second elevation in the furnace so as to be spaced from but aligned with the close coupled overfire air compartments.

Abstract: A burner lance for atomizing a suspension of coal in water by means of an atomizing gas. The lance consists of an inner pipe (1) that the suspension flows through, of an outer pipe (2) radially surrounding the inner pipe and leaving a gap (5) that the atomizing gas flows through, and of a nozzle (10) that narrows in the direction the suspension flows in and communicates with both the inner and the outer pipe. The outer pipe extends along the burner beyond the inner pipe and accommodates a nozzle (10) in that section. The outside diameter of the nozzle equals the inside diameter of the outer pipe. The nozzle tapers at a central angle of 35.degree. to 45.degree. and terminates in a concentric exit (11).

Abstract: Method and apparatus for reducing the NOX levels in stack emissions of compact boilers and fluid heaters through selective injection of exhaust flue gases into the combustion process. Flue gas injection into the primary and secondary air of the burner along with flue gas injection directly into the combustion process is utilized. Injection of generated steam from a compact boiler, selectively injected into the combustion process is also provided.

Abstract: In order to stably maintain a combustion capability in a combustion furnace for coal gassification, it is necessary to exhaust molten slag produced within the furnace without the slag stagnating. The present invention provides, in a combustion furnace for coal gassification, a slag exhausting device which is configured in such a manner that the cooling of molten slag being exhausted from the furnace is minimized to prevent the slag from solidifying and causing other slag to stagnate. The slag exhausting device is disposed at the center of a bottom wall of the combustor, and has a lower cylindrical portion and an upper bank opening upwardly and flared at an angle of 300.degree.-45.degree.. The height H from the bottom wall to the top of the upper bank, a height L and an inner diameter ds of the cylindrical lower portion and a diameter D of the combustor are set to satisfy the relations of ds/D=0.2-0.4, L/ds=0.2-0.6 and H/D=0.05-0.15.

Abstract: A burner and port combination for the combustion of a pulverized coal fuel plus air mixture comprises a throat and a burner nozzle positioned at a central area of the throat. The burner nozzle has an inlet for receiving the pulverized coal fuel plus air mixture and an outlet for discharging the pulverized coal fuel plus air mixture. A secondary air tube is positioned laterally adjacent the burner nozzle at each lateral side of the nozzle in the throat for providing a first portion of a secondary air to the throat. A plurality of vanes are positioned at an upper portion of the throat above the burner nozzle and the tubes and at a lower portion of the throat below the burner nozzle tubes for deflecting a second portion of the secondary air from the burner nozzle.

Abstract: Combustion waste gases of coal dust comprising SO.sub.2 and fly ash are completely and dry desulphurized by very quickly heating up the fly ash to a high temperature which, however, is below the sintering temperature of the fly ash, and cooling the combustion waste gases to a temperature, the distance of which to the water dew point is relatively small and is below 25.degree. C. Thereby, SO.sub.2 is bound into the ash, so that the combustion waste gases become free of SO.sub.2. (FIG.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and an apparatus for the treatment of moist, explosive gas-dust mixtures, particularly coal dust mixtures in mill drying plants. To avoid a condensing out of residual moisture from intermediately stored dust, heated inert gas is supplied to the conveying system for the coal dust or the intermediate storage points.

Abstract: An integrated low NO.sub.x tangential firing system (12) that is particularly suited for use with pulverized solid fuel-fired furnaces (10), and a method of operating a pulverized solid fuel-fired furnace (10) equipped with an integrated low NO.sub.x tangential firing system (12). The integrated low NO.sub.x tangential firing system (12) when so employed with a pulverized solid fuel-fired furnace (10) is capable of limiting NO.sub.x emissions therefrom to less than 0.15 lb./10.sup. 6 BTU, while yet maintaining carbon-in-flyash to less than 5% and CO emissions to less than 50 ppm. The integrated low NO.sub.x tangential firing system (12) includes pulverized solid fuel supply means (62), flame attachment pulverized solid fuel nozzle tips (60), concentric firing nozzles, close-coupled overfire air (98,100), and multi-staged separate overfire air (104,106).

Abstract: A burner for a rotary kiln consists of a central pipe (5) for introducing an oil or gas lance, a first concentric pipe (8) for introducing primary air and a second concentric pipe (1) for introducing a mixture of solid fuel and carrier air into the burning zone of the kiln. The pipes (5, 8 and 1) form mutually annular channels, the primary air channel being located inside the solid fuel/air channel and at its end facing the burning zone being provided with nozzles mounted parallel to the axis of the burner, the primary air streams from the nozzles drawing the particles of solid fuel towards the core of the flame in the burning zone to increase the combustion and to reduce the NO.sub.x -content in the kiln exhaust gases. The burner is provided with a heat exchanger (14, 18 and 20) surrounding the portion of the burner projecting into the kiln to cool the burner and to increase the primary air velocity during injection into the burning zone.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for injecting sludge into a kiln includes a pump for pumping sludge, a conduit for conveying sludge to the kiln including an attrition portion for attriting the sludge into smaller particles, and a conduit enclosing the attrition segment for entraining the particles in a stream of combustion air to carry the particles into a kiln. The attrition portion includes a plurality of passageways connected to a source of compressed air to provide a plurality of jets of air to attrite the sludge into discrete particles and aid in ejecting the sludge from the conduit. In a preferred embodiment, the attrition segment includes nested, frusto-conical segments; each having a plurality of passageways which project jets of compressed air radially inwardly to slice the sludge mass within the segment into smaller particles. As the particles exit the attrition segment, they enter an extension tube having a helical internal rib which imparts a swirling motion to the particles.

Abstract: A cyclone furnace includes a cyclone cylinder having five separate tubular water circuit panels which are serviced by substantially independent lower inlet upper outlet header segments. One hundred and twenty three tubes each having a 1.125" OD and 0.210" MWT replaces 134 smaller OD and thinner MWT tubes of the prior art, for increasing the available sacrificial material by more than a factor of two, without substantially increasing pressure drop in the forced circulation system.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for treating gases issuing from a pressurized gasification or combustion plant of solid fuel prior to leading the gases into a turbine. The hot gases are first cleaned in a particle separator, whereafter they are introduced int a centrifugal separator, which is disposed immediately in front of or in connection with a combustion chamber of the turbine. Cleanliness of the gases is ensured by the centrifugal separator. Air is mixed with the gases for bringing about additional combustion and for raising the temperature of the gases to a level >1000.degree. C.

Abstract: A combustion apparatus including a mixture feeding pipe for injecting a mixture of pulverized coal and combustion air into a furnace, with the mixture then being ignited. A radially outwardly flared flame maintaining ring is provided at a tip end of the mixture feeding pipe, with the maintaining ring being exposed to a reduced atmosphere and to high temperatures due to radiant heat from the furnace. A projection extends into the furnace beyond the flame maintaining ring so as to protect the flame maintaining ring from radiation from inside the furnace thereby suppressing an excessive increase in temperature. Combustion air flows along a surface of the projection so as to provide at oxidized atmosphere.

Abstract: A tangential vortex burner and method of burning fuel having a moisture content ranging from 0% to 45%. The burner includes means for the tangential injection of air and fuel at different stages.

Abstract: A low-nox burner for use in industrial furnaces and/or boilers which burn pulverized coal. The burner includes a burner tip which divides an annular pulverized coal stream into alternating fuel-rich and fuel-lean streams. The tip includes a plurality of alternating main and secondary blade members which are skewed to produce rotational movement in the streams. The main blade has a leading edge that is aligned with a radial vector extending through a center axis of the burner and a trailing edge that is tilted with respect to the radial vector in order to define a substantially planar surface between the leading and trailing edges. The secondary blade includes leading and trailing edges that are both aligned with radial vectors and defines a twisted surfaces between the edges. The secondary blade is skewed with respect to the longitudinal direction by an angle that is substantially greater than the angle at which the main blade is skewed.

Abstract: A low NO.sub.x burner system for a furnace having spaced apart front and rear walls, comprises a double row of cell burners on each of the front and rear walls. Each cell burner is either of the inverted type with a secondary air nozzle spaced vertically below a coal nozzle, or the non-inverted type where the coal nozzle is below the secondary air port. The inverted and non-inverted cells alternate or are provided in other specified patterns at least in the lower row of cells. A small percentage of the total air can be also provided through the hopper or hopper throat forming the bottom of the furnace, or through the boiler hopper side walls. A shallow angle impeller design also advances the purpose of the invention which is to reduce CO and H.sub.2 S admissions while maintaining low NO.sub.x generation.

Abstract: A furnace firing apparatus and method for burning low volatile fuel in which first and second burners are provided to introduce particulate, air-suspended fuel into primary and secondary combustion zones of a combustion chamber. The alignment of the second burner is adjustable and aligned so that the stream of fuel and air introduced by the second burner entrains combustion products produced by the burning of fuel in the primary combustion zone in order to ignite the fuel introduced by the second burner. Secondary air is provided by a pair of plenum chambers to support combustion of the fuel. In an alternate embodiment, an intermediate burner is provided to entrain combustion products from the combustion of fuel introduced by the first burner and whose combustion products are entrained into the fuel introduced by the second burner.

Abstract: An advanced overfire air system for NO.sub.x control designed for use in a firing system of the type that is particularly suited for use in fossil fuel-fired furnaces and a method of operating such a furnace which embodies an advanced overfire air system. The advanced overfire air system for NO.sub.x control includes multielevations of overfire air compartments consisting of a plurality of close coupled overfire air compartments and a plurality of separated overfire air compartments. The close coupled overfire air compartments are supported at a first elevation in the furnace and the separated overfire air compartments are supported at a second elevation in the furnace so as to be spaced from but aligned with the close coupled overfire air compartments.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for suppressing multiple pollutants is disclosed. The apparatus includes a slagging combustor which effectively reduces the bulk of the NO.sub.x and SO.sub.2 produced through the combustion of coal. The slagging combustor also converts the bulk of the noncombustible material in the coal into a vitrified waste product. Following utilization of their thermal energy, the combustion products from the slagging combustor are conveyed to a lignite coke system. The lignite coke system provides additional suppression of the NO.sub.x, SO.sub.2, and solid noncombustible byproducts. In addition, the lignite coke system suppresses the gaseous toxic pollutants that exit the slagging combustor with the combustion gases. The spent coke is recycled to the combustor where its fuel value is used to reduce raw fuel requirements and noncombustible materials captured by the coke exit the combustor as part of the vitrified slag. In sum, extremely efficient reduction of NO.sub.x, SO.sub.

Abstract: A waste fuel combustion system including a furnace having a grate for supporting waste fuel for burning, the grate including a plurality of movable members and a mechanism for reciprocating the movable members. The furnace also includes a primary gas passageway, a secondary gas passageway, and a throat through which the primary and secondary gas passageways pass in order to accelerate the flow of combustion gases. The waste fuel combustion system also includes recirculation conduits communicating between a source of exhaust gases and the primary and secondary gas passageways in order to recirculate the exhaust gases for additional combustion and degradation.

Abstract: A method and apparatus starts the boiler of a solid-fuel fired power plant and ensures the burning process of the fuel. The main fuel of the boiler is ignited by entering an auxiliary fuel stream gasified and ignited with a plasma torch (1). Efficient mixing and safe ignition of the main fuel with the auxiliary fuel is ensured by a turbulent feed of the auxiliary fuel and a nozzle (12) through which the auxiliary fuel is entered into the main fuel stream.

Abstract: A boiler furnace combustion system typically includes main burners disposed on side walls of or at corners of a square-barrel-shaped boiler furnace having a vertical axis, the burner axes being directed tangentially to an imaginary cylindrical surface coaxial to the furnace. Air nozzles are disposed in the boiler furnace at a level above the main burners, so that unburnt fuel left in a reducing atmosphere or a lower oxygen concentration atmosphere of a main burner combustion region can be perfectly burnt by additional air blown through the air nozzles. The present invention provides two groups of air nozzles disposed at higher and lower levels, respectively. The air nozzles at the lower level are provided at the corners of the boiler furnace with their axes directed tangentially to a second imaginary coaxial cylindrical surface having a larger diameter than the first imaginary coaxial cylindrical surface.

Abstract: A process for transferring environmentally harmful substances which are easily leachable from openly discarded waste material, and which to a large proportion consists of inorganic material, such as spent spot linings for aluminum electrolysis cells, into gaseous form or into leach stable compounds, includes the steps of heating that the material in finely ground form is heated and in that reagents such as silica, water and oxygen are added in a cyclone furnace (1) which includes a heat source (2) for example a plasma generator, and a cylindrical furnace vessel (10). By feeding the waste material and the reagents via a mixing and prereaction chamber (3) which is located between the high temperature source and the vessel (10), a very high proportion of the added materials are reacted in the furnace.

Abstract: A flame stabilizer for a burner of solid fuel, such as pulverized coal or sander wood dust, is described whereby the swirl number is varied radially to enhance swirl inducement towards the periphery of the flame stabilizer while more axial flow occurs near the central conduit through which fuel is supplied. The amount of swirl and the amount of combustion air being selected so as to provide an integrated swirl number for the flame stabilizer in the range from about 0.6 to about 2.0. A pressure control ring is described with which the static pressure in the windbox is increased to a level where flame pulsations attributable to low static pressure in the windbox are reduced while the vortex is maintained. An enhanced axial combustion air flow around the discharge end of the fuel supply conduit is described to modify the position of the adverse pressure gradient boundary in a downstream direction.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for reacting waste matter in a flame using fuel such as a flammable gas and oxygen. The apparatus includes a substantially cylindrical burner comprising a burner base and a removably attachable base extension having a diameter greater than that of the base. The base and the base extension each have aligned central nozzles extending their entire lengths for ejecting waste matter to be reacted, and aligned fuel nozzles radially spaced from each of the central nozzles for ejecting fuel to be ignited. The perimeter of the burner base extension is notched to provide channel-shaped peripheral oxygen nozzles. A substantially cylindrical cooling jacket surrounding the burner is adapted to receive oxygen which passes through the space defined by the outer surface of the burner base and the inner surface of the cooling jacket, then through the peripheral oxygen nozzles of the base extension.

Abstract: A burner for the combustion of fine-grained to dusty solid fuels incorporates a central internal tube for supplying the solid fuels and an annular gap surrounding the internal tube and delimited by a cooled external tube, for supplying oxygen or oxygen-containing gas. The annular gap ends externally by an exhaust port directed obliquely relative to the longitudinal axis of the burner and peripherally surrounding the end of the central internal tube, or by a plurality of exhaust ports annularly disposed about the longitudinal axis of the burner. In order to ensure the complete combustion of the fine-grained to dusty fuels at a long service life of the burner, the inclination of the exhaust port(s) relative to the longitudinal axis of the burner is below 20.degree.. The exhaust port(s) is/are arranged transverse to the longitudinal axis of the burner and in the radial direction relative to the same at a distance of between 5 and 30 mm from the inner wall of the internal tube.

Abstract: An apparatus for burning coal water fuel, dry ultrafine coal, pulverized l and other liquid and gaseous fuels including a vertically extending outer wall and an inner, vertically extending cylinder located concentrically within the outer wall, the annnular space between the outer wall and the inner cylinder defining a combustion chamber and the all space within the inner cylinder defining an exhaust chamber. Fuel and atomizing air are injected tangentially near the bottom of the combustion chamber and secondary air is introduced at selected points along the length of the combustion chamber. Combustion occurs along the spiral flow path in the combustion chamber and the combined effects of centrifugal, gravitational and aerodynamic forces cause particles of masses or sizes greater than the threshold to be trapped in a stratified manner until completely burned out. Remaining ash particles are then small enough to be entrained by the flue gas and exit the system via the exhaust chamber in the opposite direction.

Abstract: A pulverized coal fuel injector contains an acceleration section to improve the uniformity of a coal-air mixture to be burned. An integral splitter is provided which divides the coal-air mixture into a number separate streams or jets, and a center body directs the streams at a controlled angle into the primary zone of a burner. The injector provides for flame shaping and the control of NO/NO.sub.2 formation.