Abstract: Various embodiments of apparatus and methods are disclosed for the conversion of steam boilers from being oil fired to coal and natural gas fired without adversely affecting the normal power density of the boilers or the emission pollution therefrom. In some cases even the resultant coal ash can be modified by injecting a powdered catalyst or phosphate slimes into the flame to produce a fertilizer ash having desirable minerals to enhance the economic value thereof.Basically all embodiments include a swirling coal-air mixture directed along a path to form a sheath and a swirling gas-air mixture internally thereof with the swirling of the latter being in the same direction and fortifying the motion of the former. A gas-air mixture, swirling or non-swirling, may be supplied outwardly of such sheath to enhance the more complete burning of the coal-air mixture.

Abstract: A process and a means is described for burning solid fuels, preferably coal, in pulverized form, which are mixed with a carrier liquid, such as water and/or oil or the like, to thereby form an emulsion, and for this purpose the fuel emulsion is injected through a substantially annular entrance port into a combustion chamber so that an approximately hollow cone-shaped flow configuration is produced. Within this flow configuration, a low pressure is built up immediately behind the entrance port for the fuel emulsion opening into the combustion chamber, so that a portion of hot combustion gases and a remainder of unburnt fuel particles are recirculated to the entrance port. Furthermore, gas entrance ports are provided in the end wall of the combustion chamber, through which the gas or air flows the path of flow of which extends concentrically and spirally towards the axis of the entrance port for the fuel emulsion opening into the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A slag tap combustion apparatus which is characterized by comprising a slag tap combustion furnace, a slag granulation chamber for granulating a slag discharged from the slag tap combustion furnace, a slag grain accumulation tower which is filled with slag grains discharged from the slag granulation chamber, a secondary reactor provided with an inlet and an outlet for a waste gas from the slag tap combustion furnace and provided with means for introducing finely powdered lime, a duct for connecting the waste gas outlet of the secondary reactor to the slag grain accumulation tower, and another duct for allowing the waste gas to discharge from the slag accumulation tower.

Abstract: A thermal decomposition furnace in which waste tires having original shape, not broken up, can be laid horizontally and be thermally decomposed. The furnace is constructed by providing a feeder above, forming downward a fluidized bed-forming section having inlets for air, forming beneath a sealing bed-forming section of right cylindrical shape having a diameter smaller than that of fluidized bed-forming section, and installing a conveyor below said sealing bed-forming section. At the lower end of sealing bed-forming section, an oblique opening is formed so as to keep a progressively increasing clearance to the conveyor in the direction of advance of conveyor.

Abstract: A bio-mass suspension burner for use with furnaces or boilers includes a delivery system for injecting particulate solid fuel into a combustor. A primary air stream mixes with and conducts the fuel into the combustor. Secondary air is introduced at the point of ignition, while tertiary air is introduced tangentially to maintain a cyclonic vortex. The burning, gasified fuel exits the combustor through a nozzle where quartiary air is introduced to burn the gas. Proper flame stability, gasification and ash fusion control is achieved by regulation of the various air streams.

Abstract: Various embodiments of apparatus and methods are disclosed for the conversion of steam boilers from being oil fired to coal and natural gas fired without adversely affecting the normal power density of the boilers or the emission pollution therefrom. In some cases even the resultant coal ash can be modified by injecting a powdered catalyst or phosphate slimes into the flame to produce a fertilizer ash having desirable minerals to enhance the economic value thereof.Basically all embodiments include a swirling coal-air mixture directed along a path to form a sheath and a swirling gas-air mixture internally thereof with the swirling of the latter being in the same direction and fortifying the motion of the former. A gas-air mixture, swirling or non-swirling, may be supplied outwardly of such sheath to enhance the more complete burning of the coal-air mixture.

Abstract: A method of burning a coal-water slurry capable of being retrofitted to oil and gas fired industrial and utility steam boilers or as original equipment in new units using essentially pure oxygen, oxygen-enriched air or hydrogen-oxygen mixtures as the atomizing fluid in a burner atomizer.

Abstract: A boiler-heating assembly of a power plant has a fire chamber bounded by four vertical walls each supporting two main burners and two associated ignition burners. Each ignition burner has a cylindrical open-ended chamber with a central pipe terminating in an oil nozzle, a double-walled nozzle tube whose interspace optionally carries a mixture of air with brown-coal dust or oil set in rotation by a tangential feed, and a blower driving air axially through the chamber in an inner and an outer air stream separated by the double-walled nozzle. An annular baffle on the oil nozzle has a solid frustoconical rear surface deflecting the inner air stream radially outward across the air/fuel mixture exiting from the interspace and into contact with the outer air stream, both air streams corotating with that mixture.

Abstract: Pressurized comminuted solid fuel particles are mechanically reground in a fuel injector prior to being radially injected in a swirling motion into a combustor where the fuel is mixed with oxidizing fluid in a swirling motion that is opposite to the swirling motion imparted to the solid fuel particles and burned to form both solid and gaseous products of combustion. The products of combustion are passed through an inertia separator where the solid products of combustion are removed by inertia. Means are also provided for injecting liquid or gaseous fuels into the combustor to assist in the combustion process and in meeting varying load demands on the engine.

Abstract: A burner head for combusting solid fuels such as straw, peat, chips, coal etc., comprising a charging opening (11) for the fuel and a discharge opening (15) for flue gases. According to the invention the burner head (1) is characterized in that it comprises two pipes (6,7) located concentrically to each other, where the gap (8) between the pipes is intended to communicate with a supply source for combustion air and communicates with the interior of the inner pipe (7) via apertures in the wall thereof. A plurality of apertures (12,13) are located a distance from the charging opening (11) to form a first combustion zone, and a plurality of apertures (14) are located a distance from said firstmentioned apertures (12,13) and closer to the discharge opening (15) to form a second combustion zone. In the first combustion zone the fuel is intended to be combusted incompletely. The gases produced thereby are intended to be combusted completely in the second combustion zone.

Abstract: A coal combustion apparatus capable of improving NO.sub.x reduction to a large extent is provided, which apparatus comprises a pulverized coal-feeding pipe (abbreviated to coal pipe) inserted into a burner throat on the lateral wall of a combustion furnace and for feeding the coal and air into the furnace; a means for feeding the coal and air into the coal pipe; a secondary air passageway formed between the coal pipe and a secondary air-feeding pipe provided on the outer peripheral side of the coal pipe; a ternary air passageway formed on the outer peripheral side of the secondary air-feeding pipe; a means for feeding air or an oxygen-containing gas into the secondary air passageway and that into the ternary air passageway; and a bluff body having a cross-section of a L-letter form provided at the tip end of the coal pipe.

Abstract: A system for pulverizing and burning solid fuel, such as coal or other fossil fuel, characterized by a possible turndown ratio of up to at least fifteen to one, includes a unique pulverizer capable of both impact and autogenous pulverizing of the fuel so that about 80% will be no more than 40 microns in size, and a unique burner which includes a valved firing nozzle having a firing conduit with firing orifice and internal turbulating means for a mixture of primary air and pulverized solid fuel, and a controlled secondary air supply. A movable valve element, preferably in the form of a double-taper-ended diffuser positioned downstream from the firing orifice, controls outflow of a turbulent stream of the mixed primary air and fuel from the firing orifice into an ignition chamber and controls flame shape.

Abstract: A powdery coal burner is disclosed, which comprises a burner nozzle having an opening at the end of the burner body, through which a combustion-assisting gaseous medium is injected into a combustion area, means of providing a swirling motion to said combustion-assisting gaseous medium which is injected through said burner nozzle to said combustion area in a swirled state, an injection nozzle having an opening surrounding said burner nozzle opening, through which coal is injected toward said combustion area, and a primary air outlet nozzle having an opening surrounding said opening of said injection nozzle for the powdery coal, through which a primary combustion air is forwardly injected.

Abstract: A process and burner for the partial combustion of a finely divided solid fuel, wherein coal and oxygen is supplied to a reactor space via a central coal passage and a plurality of inwardly inclined oxygen outlet passages supply oxygen. Each oxygen jet is surrounded by a shield of a moderate gas from an annular passage, preventing premature contact of free oxygen with reactor gas and the premature escape of solid fuel, broken-up by the oxygen jet from the break-up zone.

Abstract: An apparatus for burning fuel oil or a fuel composed of a concentrated coal-water slurry has a circular air register with circumferentially overlapping vanes mounted concentrically to fuel supply means and larger diameter cylinders arranged to define a triple annuli therebetween adjacent to a frusto-conical burner port.

Abstract: A furnace, a burner and a method for burning pulverized coal in a highly efficient and precisely controlled manner includes a tubular nozzle with a venturi flow control adjacent the outlet for directing a primary air and coal mixture into a primary combustion zone of the furnace for burning. A coal spreader is mounted in the divergent outlet section of the venturi and swirl vanes on the spreader divide and form the stream into plurality of fuel rich and fuel lean streams discharged into the combustion zone. A tubular conduit in coaxial alignment around the coal nozzle directs a swirling flow of secondary air into the combustion zone around the primary combustion zone and a plurality of tertiary air conduits spaced outwardly of the secondary air conduit are provide to introduce directionally controllable streams of tertiary air into the combustion zone.

Abstract: A solid fuel burner apparatus is provided having a combustion chamber surrounded by a housing and having a solid fuel and primary air nozzle attached to the combustion chamber and located in the housing for directing pulverized solid fuel and air into the combustion chamber. A solid fuel and primary air input is connected through the housing to the solid fuel and primary air nozzle for directing solid fuel thereinto. A secondary air input is connected to the housing for directing air under pressure into the housing and from the housing into the combustion chamber. The housing is divided between first and second compartments and a proportioning damper system divides the input secondary air between the first and second compartments of the housing. Dampers are used to proportion secondary air between first and second compartments from an inlet plenum and diffusion vanes direct the primary and solid fuel into the combustion chamber with a predetermined pattern to control the flame.

Abstract: A method for generating steam by a high pressure, high intensity, or high heat release method of combustion in an elongated combustion zone having upstream and downstream ends and an intermediate location and utilizing a normally-solid fuel which produces non-combustible solid residues in which the fuel is introduced axially and a volume of air, at least equal to the stoichiometric amount, is introduced as an annular, rotating stream to produce a rotating vortex of fuel and air, such introduction and flow through the combustion zone being carried out in a manner to collapse the vortex and create plug flow at the intermediate location, burning the fuel and air to produce flue gas at a heat release rate of at least 7 MM Btu/hr, abruptly terminating combustion by the introduction of water, vaporizing the water to produce a mixture of flue gas and steam, and separating solid residues therefrom.

Abstract: There are the primary fuel nozzle for jetting the first coal in the fine powder form with an air ratio up to 1, and the secondary fuel nozzle for jetting the second coal in the fine powder form with an air ratio at least 1 from the outer circumferential portion of the primary fuel nozzle. Swirl means are located at the top of the secondary fuel nozzle for swirling the second coal.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for combusting particulated ash producing solids are provided. The methods include the steps of conveying the solids to an elongated cylindrical combustion chamber, combining air with the solids to form an air-solids mixture and longitudinally injecting the mixture into the combustion chamber wherein the solids are ignited and combusted. One or more streams of relatively cool gas are tangentially injected into the interior of the combustion chamber in directions transverse to the longitudinal axis thereof so that a helical vortex is created within and along the length of the combustion chamber and the flame, ash and hot gaseous products of combustion produced therein are caused to flow through the central portion of the combustion chamber surrounded by a sleeve of cooler gas. The ash and hot gases are cooled in the combustion chamber to solidify tacky or molten ash therein and the resulting solidify ash and gases are withdrawn from the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A tangentially-fired, pulverized coal burning furnace (10) having overfire air (OFA) introduced into the upper portion of the furnace. The fuel and air are introduced (36, 38) into the furnace at the burner level tangentially of an imaginary circle, so that the resultant fireball moves upwardly within the furnace with a rotational spin. The OFA is introduced (40, 42) tangentially of an imaginary circle, in the reverse rotational direction to that of the fireball, so that the exhaust gases flowing from the furnace to the rear gas pass (16) flows in a straight line, with little or no spin. The OFA is made up of a mixture of low pressure air and high pressure air of sufficient volume and pressure to nullify the spin of the fireball.

Abstract: A combustion system and method for a coal-fired furnace in which a burner divides a mixture of coal and air into a first stream containing most of the coal and a second stream containing most of the air. The first stream is discharged from the central part of the burner and the second stream is discharged through an annular passage surrounding the first stream in a combustion-supporting relation to the first stream. Additional air is discharged in varying amounts in a combustion-supporting relation to said streams.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to permit, for operation with coal by itself, easy adjustment of the flame length without varying the gas flow and with a relatively stable flame divergence. The burner according to the invention comprises a cylindrical tube (1) through which an air/fuel mixture is ejected into the flame, and inside which a coaxial cylindrical part (6) can move along the axis in order to permit adjustment of the output speed of the gas. Advantageously, this part (6) constitutes a means for injecting air and fuel-oil for mixed operation or operation with fuel-oil by itself.

Abstract: A solid fuel burner apparatus is provided for burning low density, low mass fibrous fuels such as paper waste and biomass. The burner includes a combustion chamber having a solid fuel and primary air nozzle attached to one end thereof for directing pulverized solid fuel and air into the combustion chamber. The solid fuel and primary air nozzle has a spinning mechanism for spinning the solid fuel and air into the combustion chamber in one direction of rotation. A secondary air input is provided for feeding secondary air into the combustion chamber and includes means to spin the secondary air from the secondary air input into the combustion chamber in a direction opposite in rotation to the direction of rotation of the solid fuel and primary air. A gas fuel input has a flame disk and is positioned to feed gas into the combustion chamber in the center portion of the solid fuel and primary air nozzle to create additional stability in the combustion of the solid fuel in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A new and improved burner for pulverized coal comprises a tubular nozzle for containing a primary, flowing stream of coal/air mixture having an outlet for discharging the stream into a combustion zone of a furnace. A venturi is mounted in the nozzle having a convergent section, a throat, and divergent flow section adjacent the outlet. The convergent section concentrates the pulverized coal toward a central portion of the flowing stream in the throat of the venturi. A conical flow spreader is mounted in the divergent section and includes a hollow, open outer end.

Abstract: Known vortex bed furnaces have a relatively high structural volume in relation to the firing performance. In addition, special devices are necessary for supplying the vortex bed with fuel and with sulphur-absorbing additives. Without subdividing the bed, a partial load can only be achieved with a vortex bed furnace which differs from the full load by only a small percentage. In order to solve these problems, it is proposed according to the invention that the fuel for the vortex bed should be blown with air via at least one dust burner, unsifted, into the combustion chamber, whereby the fine portion of the fuel conducted in is burnt in the dust flame and the coarse portion drops from the dust flame into the vortex bed. The dust burner serves on the one hand to load the vortex bed and on the other hand to increase the relative firing performance, and can be used to improve the suitability for partial load.

Abstract: In the preheating zone of a ceramic tunnel kiln, a smooth increase in the charge temperature over the full kiln cross-section and, for this reason, a high speed of throughput of goods through the kiln, may be produced by mixing up and heating the kiln gases by at least one flameless hot gas jet forced into the preheating zone of the tunnel kiln. This measure furthermore makes it possible for the heat or thermal balance of a tunnel kiln to be made better.

Abstract: A cyclone furnace assembly includes a housing having an inlet end and an outlet end, with the inlet end cooperating with a fuel inlet chamber which injects the ash-containing fuel-air mixture into the furnace. The outlet end of the furnace includes a re-entrant throat extension member having an outer surface which is flared towards the frontal inlet wall surface of the furnace housing for increasing the residence time of the fuel-air mixture within the assembly to insure combustion of the fuel-air mixture.

Abstract: A combustion system and method for a coal-fired furnace in which a separator-nozzle assembly divides a coal-air mixture into a first stream containing most of the coal and a second stream containing a much smaller quantity of coal. Another nozzle is provided which receives another mixture of coal and air and discharges same in a combustion supporting relation to said streams. At start up and low loads, the separator-nozzle assembly discharges a majority of the coal and air in a combustion supporting relationship and the other nozzle discharges a relatively low quantity of coal and air. At high load conditions, the other nozzle discharges a majority of the coal and air while the coal and air discharging from the separator-nozzle assembly is kept at relatively low values. A splitter is provided for receiving a coal-air mixture from a mill and splitting it into two separate mixtures.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a combustion apparatus in the configuration of a oblong annulus defining a closed loop. Particulate coal together with a sulfur sorbent such as sulfur or dolomite is introduced into the closed loop, ignited, and propelled at a high rate of speed around the loop. Flue gas is withdrawn from a location in the closed loop in close proximity to an area in the loop where centrifugal force imposed upon the larger particulate material maintains these particulates at a location spaced from the flue gas outlet. Only flue gas and smaller particulates resulting from the combustion and innerparticle grinding are discharged from the combustor. This structural arrangement provides increased combustion efficiency due to the essentially complete combustion of the coal particulates as well as increased sulfur absorption due to the innerparticle grinding of the sorbent which provides greater particle surface area.

Abstract: A method of ignition of a coal dust annular burner flame having an internal back flow region. The ignition energy is introduced centrally into the internal back flow region of the coal dust annular burner flame, and is delivered entirely or at least partially by a dust-ignition flame. The dust air-dust weight ratio for the dust-ignition flame is smaller than that of the main burner flame, being either 0.5 to 1.0, or 0.2 to 0.5, compared with a ratio of 1.5 to 2.0 for the main burner flame.

Abstract: A process and burner for the partial combustion of a finely divided solid fuel with oxygen.A core of oxygen-containing gas and an annulus of finely divided solid fuel surrounding said core are introduced into a reactor space via a burner. The solid fuel is centrally introduced into the burner, whereas oxygen-containing gas is separately introduced into the burner outside the central solid fuel. In the burner the solid fuel is caused to flow outwardly and the oxygen-containing gas is caused to flow inwardly for supplying the solid fuel as an annulus around the oxygen-containing gas into the reactor space.

Abstract: A burner (1,29) for the combustion of powdery fuels, in particular coal-dust, comprises a central duct (9,37) to supply a jet of core-air (13,41), a fuel channel (12,40) to supply the fuel and a casing channel (5,6; 31) to supply secondary air (7,8; 36).In order to make such a burner (1,29) also suitable for lesser power ranges, a widened range of regulation and less sensitive to a wide coal-dust band, the discharge means of the fuel channel (12,40) is designed as an annular nozzle (23,53) of which at least one of the two circumferential walls (19,47) is rotatable and driven, and the discharge means of the central duct (13,41) being so designed that the jet of core-air (13,41) is directed at least in part outwardly against the discharging fuel for the purpose of deflection into the region of the secondary air (7,8; 36).

Abstract: A method of burning pulverized coal and other fuels comprises the steps of containing a primary flowing stream of coal/air mixture received adjacent an inlet end of a tubular nozzle for discharge at an outlet end into a combustion zone of a furnace for burning. The stream is accelerated in a convergent venturi section upstream of the outlet to distribute and concentrate the coal particles toward a central portion of the venturi in a minimum area throat, followed by decelerating the flow downstream of the venturi throat in a convergent flow section while forming a shallow, annular, conically shaped flow pattern around a hollow spreader cone mounted in the convergent section.

Abstract: A method and improved kiln for calcining and sintering of lumpy materials which includes an arrangement for creating a cavity in the material being processed adjacent each burner units so that a solid fuel can be applied on a cavity surface of the material at each burner.

Abstract: A coal-air separator to be used in combination with a pulverized coal-fired burner having an elbow section and a wye section. The wye section is flow connected to the outlet of the elbow so that the coal-rich portion is transported through the main fuel conduit to the burner. The coal lean portion is transported through the take-off conduit, the outlet being positioned outside the furnace windbox.

Abstract: An apparatus allowing the use of low-grade solid fuel powders (coal, lignite, peat) and products derived therefrom during cold starting periods and for backing up combustion chamber operation at low load. The pilot burner (1) has an auxiliary and pilot igniter which burns gas produced by gasifying low-grade fuel in a gasification unit (6) and a main igniter which burns the low-grade fuel powder in a storage silo (5). The combustion air is heated in an air heater (10) by the gas produced by gasifying low-grade fuel in gasification unit (6). In particular, turbulence is set up in the combustion air sent to the outlet of the pilot igniter. Application to combustion apparatus including steam generators of thermal power stations.

Abstract: A combustion apparatus for a granular solid fuel, comprising a plurality of horizontal cylindrical combustion chambers serially connected in their axial direction, partitions interposed between the combustion chambers, communication holes pierced through the partitions for passing the combustion gas. To the combustion chambers, air is delivered in directions to cause the gas to flow in a swirled state, allow the granular fuel to be burnt as agitated and fluidized within the upstream combustion chamber, and forward the gas in a swirled state from the upstream to the downstream combustion chamber. The combusted gas, on reaching the extreme downstream combustion chamber is drawn out by means of a gas delivery pipe having one end thereof communicating with the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A dual-purpose burner capable of utilizing either pulverized coal or liquid fuels such as heavy oil as alternate fuels, or both simultaneously, and if desired, utilizing the mixture of pulverized coal and steam or water and atomizing it to achieve a high combustion efficiency and the prevention of atmospheric pollution. The burner consists of a main body constructed of triple pipes and a screw conveyor disposed in the rear part of the main body. The main body contains primary and secondary air inlets and a port for the passage of liquid fuels or steam.

Abstract: A method of igniting a pulverized-coal annular burner flame having an internal back flow region, with the ignition energy being introduced centrally into the interior of the back flow region of the pulverized-coal annular burner flame. The ignition energy for the annular burner flame is furnished by an ignited pulverized-fuel igniting flame or pilot light, which is operated with pulverized fuel having a different coarseness and/or consistency than does the primary fuel. Pulverous ignition fuel is withdrawn from the conduit of the primary fuel stream after an existing pulverizing plant at a location which is advantageous with regard to flow dynamics. The ignition fuel is withdrawn by means of a withdrawal device which is capable of being shut off, with the withdrawal opening thereof being directed in the direction of the primary fuel flow.

Abstract: A burner for solid fuel in pulverulent form has a central conduit for primary combustion air, a fuel conduit surrounding the central conduit for admission of the pulverulent fuel, and one (or two concentric) secondary-air outer conduits. The annular space between the fuel conduit and the single (or the innermost) outer conduit is subdivided into two annular channels by an intermediate conduit. An inlet arrangement is provided for feeding combustion air into one of these channels, and another arrangement permits the selective feeding of either only combustion air, or of a mixture of such air with pulverulent fuel, into the other of the annular channels.

Abstract: A solid fuel burner of the type having a cylindrical combustion chamber with a horizontal axis, in which the solid fuel is introduced tangentially into at one end, ignited, and moved spirally to the other end. The chamber is lined with fire resistant material. At least part of the bottom portion of the chamber has an opening therein for admitting a combustion-supporting gas into the chamber to both support combustion and fluidize the material being burnt. The openings are formed by spacing apart the fire-resistant lining of the chamber to define a plurality of slots through which the combustion-supporting gas is blown.

Abstract: A pulverized coal-fired burner having a longitudinally elongated coal delivery pipe through which a stream of pulverized coal entrained in air is passed into the furnace and at least two air plenum chambers, one along the top and one along the bottom of the coal delivery pipe, connected in fluid communication with the interior of the coal delivery pipe at the discharge end thereof. A high pressure working fluid, such as air or flue gas, is passed through the plenum chambers into the coal delivery pipe so as to impinge against the coal-air stream passing therethrough thereby causing the coal-air stream to be deflected away from the longitudinal axis of the coal delivery pipe.

Abstract: A whirl chamber boiler plant for generation of steam includes a combustion chamber in which the fuel is burned in a whirl within the chamber. The bottom of the chamber slopes downwardly towards an inlet through which combustion air is admitted into the chamber. Fuel and inert material are admitted into the chamber adjacent the bottom thereof. The inlet is of a size suitable for fluidizing the inert material within the chamber. Boiler tubes built within the chamber provide for removal of heat from the chamber. Preferably the inert material is a grain-shaped ash of the type produced by the burning of the fuel. In one embodiment of the present invention, a portion of the ash contained in the gases exiting from the chamber is returned to the chamber.

Abstract: A direct-fired, pulverized coal-fired furnace 2, wherein the fuel supply system is modified so that a load carrying pulverizer 10 supplying pulverized coal to the furnace through a plurality of burners 4 may simultaneously also supply pulverized coal to a storage bin 16 for storage therein until needed to start-up, warm-up and stabilize the low load firing of the furnace 2 at a later time.

Abstract: A combustion system and method for a coal-fired furnace in which a splitter is provided in the main conduit leading from the pulverizer for splitting the stream of coal and air into two separate streams. One stream from the splitter is connected to a separator in which a quantity of air is separated from the mixture of air and coal. A low load burner assembly is provided which includes a first nozzle connected to the separator for discharging the bulk of the coal flow and some air into the furnace, and a second nozzle connected to the same separator for discharging the bulk of the air from the separator into the furnace. The other stream from the splitter is connected to a third nozzle which discharges its mixture of air and coal into the furnace to provide high load capability.

Abstract: A burner combines air cooling and pulverized coal combustion with air for the combustion of low inflammability coals. A ceramic lining protects the cooled steel mantel of the burner while supplying heat for sustained combustion process. Air preheated in the cooling process is used to preheat the coal and to supply secondary air imparting a helical trajectory to the coal particles close to the ceramic lining. The ceramic lining is formed in situ around the flame chamber from molded plastic ceramic hardened by burner operation.

Abstract: A coal combustor/gasifier is disclosed which produces a low or medium combustion gas for further combustion in modified oil or gas fired furnaces or boilers. Two concentric shells define a combustion volume within the inner shell and a plenum between them through which combustion air flows to provide regenerative cooling of the inner shell for dry ash operation. A fuel flow and a combustion air flow having opposed swirls are mixed and burned in a mixing-combustion portion of the combustion volume and the ash laden combustion products flow with a residual swirl into an ash separation region. The ash is cooled below the fusion temperature and is moved to the wall by centrifugal force where it is entrained in the cool wall boundary layer. The boundary layer is stabilized against ash re-entrainment as it is moved to an ash removal annulus by a flow of air from the plenum through slots in the inner shell, and by suction on an ash removal skimmer slot.

Abstract: A burner assembly in which an inlet is located at one end of an annular passage for receiving fuel, and an outlet is located at the other end of the passage for discharging the fuel. A plurality of blocks are disposed within the annular passage for splitting up the fuel discharging from said outlet so that, upon ignition of said fuel, a plurality of flame patterns are formed. A register assembly is provided which includes an enclosure for receiving air and a divider for directing the air from the enclosure towards the outlet in two parallel paths extending around the burner. Registers are disposed in each of the paths for regulating the quantity of air flowing through the paths.

Abstract: A burner for burning pulverized fuel, especially pulverized lignite or coal, comprises a combustion chamber 1, and an ignition chamber 2 having an ignition burner 9. A supply line 5 for powder and air for pneumatic conveyance debouches into the ignition chamber 2. Further combustion air may be fed through outflow means 8 into the combustion chamber. To achieve a short flame as well as an improved homogeneity of the distribution of the mixture, the burner includes a distribution pipe 3, the surface of which being provided with a large number of openings 11. The supply line 5 for powder and conveying air terminates into the distribution pipe 3, preferably a rotating movement being imparted to the mixture flowing along the wall of the distribution pipe 3.