Abstract: A method and apparatus for incinerating different types of combustible waste in a cement manufacturing process. Two combustion chambers for incinerating waste are arranged in series, with first combustion chamber being a down draft chamber in which there is a downward flow of combustion gas and waste fuel to a waste and gas outlet. The second chamber is adaptable to support waste on a supporting surface incorporated in the compartment, wherein the waste is transported through the compartment from a waste inlet to a waste outlet along a circular path.

Abstract: An dual path kiln is provided that includes a kiln having one or more chambers and at least two lumber charge paths adapted to convey lumber through the kiln in opposite directions.

Abstract: The present application discloses an apparatus for gasification of solid, liquid and gaseous organic feed materials having a fuel value into synthesis gas. The apparatus comprises: a gasification reactor vessel having a tapered interior with a minimum of four zones for introducing reaction gas mixtures, a central perforated diffuser pipe, a solid and liquid material inlet at the upper end of the uppermost zone, a solid and gas discharge outlet at the lower end of the bottom zone, wherein the reactor vessel defining a sequence of reaction zones from the material inlet to the material outlet including drying, pyrolysis, combustion and gasification zones, and confining downwardly moving the column of the feed materials within the zones, gas feed inlet pipes for introducing reaction gas into the zones, a synthesis gas discharge pipe below the zones, and a heat exchanger below the zones.

Abstract: A burner comprising a fuel reservoir, a primary combustion zone located at the lower end of the fuel reservoir, a secondary combustion zone located underneath the primary combustion zone, a passage providing communication between the primary and secondary combustion zones, a flue for discharging products of combustion from the secondary combustion zone, the primary combustion zone having a peripheral wall incorporating air hole means to provide combustion air to the primary combustion zone, wherein the cross-sectional area of the air hole means is substantially equal to the combined minimum cross-sectional area of the passage and the minimum cross?sectional flow area of the flue.

Abstract: A waste processing apparatus for processing a column of waste in a processing chamber having one or more gas outlets at an upper part thereof and one or more plasma torches an output end thereof extending into a lower part of the chamber.

Abstract: Method of treatment of domestic waste. A reaction space is provided, into which the waste to be treated is fed at a controlled rate. The waste is concurrently compacted to form a stopper preventing leakage of gases from the reaction space. An oxygen-containing gas is fed to the reaction space, in order to affect the combustion of the waste and produce gases and solid material. The gas is filtered through the solid material, causing the gases to react with the solid material, whereby to produce fuel gases and ash.

Abstract: This invention, Centrifugal and Divided Space combustion method, need to install a cylindrical fuel pot, the first combustion chamber, the second combustion chamber and an exhaust pot. It also needs to install the upper and the lower pots outside the first combustion chamber and the fuel pot in order to have the lower and the upper air paths inside the outer pots. One or several ventilator(s) to make air-flow is tangentially connected to the upper and the lower air paths at the lower part of the upper outer pot. And several air-flow control devices should be located at the upper part of the upper air path. Thus, the invention is composed to realize the complete combustion only with the air supply into the furnace. In this case, the space in the furnace is divided into many combustive sectors by the air-flow.

Abstract: A process and gas generator is disclosed for generating by dry distillation of solids and gasification of solids, a fuel gas substantially free of condensable dry distillation volatiles which would interfere with the intended use of the gas, e.g. for powering an internal combustion engine. To achieve this, solids beds in distinct dry distillation and gasification zones are maintained under conditions favouring thermal cracking of condensable (tar) volatiles in the hot regions of both zones. For optimal control of these conditions these zones are physically separated by internals within a single reactor vessel and optionally by performing part of the dry distillation (pyrolysis) in a separate reactor vessel, in which case pyrolysis volatiles are fed in counter-current to the dry distillation bed, withdrawn from the top thereof and fed into and through the embers bed of the gasification zone.

Abstract: A gasification system that includes a gasification reactor chamber having perforated conduits or an inner lining that increases the exposed surface area of waste materials to gasification conditions, thereby decreasing gasification temperature, time, and cooling period between subsequent gasification procedures. After an aspirator withdraws and oxidizes fuel gas from the gasification reactor chamber, a flare assembly combusts the mixed fuel gas to provide power or heat to at least one heat recovery device. The at least one heat recovery device recaptures thermal energy entrained in the exhaust, thereby reducing exhaust temperature and eliminating the need for an exhaust stack. An absorber purifies the exhaust and an extractor removes carbon dioxide. A portion of the removed carbon dioxide may be used for industrial purposes or for supporting vegetation. At least a portion of the remaining exhaust is returned to the gasification reactor chamber as recycled process gas, thereby completing a closed-loop system.

Abstract: An incinerator includes a peripheral wall having a top end and formed with an inlet at the top end and an outlet below the inlet, a bowl-shaped grate disposed between the inlet and the outlet, a plurality of laterally extending baffles extending from a bottom end of the grate to the peripheral wall, and a plurality of vertically extending baffles disposed between the peripheral wall and the grate.

Abstract: A down-draft gasification reactor has a solids storage chamber bordered from below by a grate and having an oxidation zone, a product gas collection region disposed beneath the grate, a product gas line for discharging out-gassed product gas from the product gas collection region, a slag-separation device disposed above the grate, and a discharge mechanism downstream of the grate for transporting the separated slag out of the reactor.

Abstract: A controlled thermal oxidation process for solid combustible waste. The process comprises a first combustion stage wherein the waste is burned in a downward direction from top to bottom. A first, fixed air flow of predetermined volume is passed from bottom to top of the waste. A second, modulated air flow of predetermined lesser volume is passed over the waste and through the combustion flame. The process further comprises a second combustion stage wherein products of combustion from the first stage are exposed to high temperature conditions for a short period of time under 135% to 200% overall stoichiometric air conditions.

Abstract: A method and a combustion furnace are provided by means of which waste which is predominantly of organic nature can be burnt effectively and uniformly. The combustion furnace comprises two bottlenecks, one above the other, constituted by rocking grates. The upper rocking grate essentially serves to subject the solids to pre-combustion, namely to drying, degasifying, and partial gasifying, and to supply the material uniformly in doses to the fire bed which is located on the lower grate and in which complete gasification takes place. Rotational movements of both grates provide for uniform passage of the material through the shaft without the risk of burn-through occurring along the edges so that the entire combustion process becomes highly uniform.

Abstract: There is disclosed a refractory baffle for use in a fireplace which dispenses, via apertures provided therein, preheated combustion air over the central combustion zone of the fireplace. The refractory material substantially avoids warpage, flame quenching and other limitations associated with metal baffles.

Abstract: A low lying horizontal furnace comprising a fireproof enclosure sealed by a top burns solid fuels which are gravity fed through a vertical feed chamber positioned over a feed aperture in the top of the furnace. An exhaust stack is placed over an exhaust aperture spaced away from the feed aperture for venting exhaust gases from the furnace. Elongated fins are fixed to the underside of the top for channeling the exhaust gases from the feed aperture to the exhaust aperture. The horizontal furnace provides a field expedient furnace for cooking and heating for mass populations in that the top can be placed over a shallow pit dug into the ground for combusting solid fuels.

Abstract: A water-heating boiler of the tube-shell type is designed, so that the heat transfer tubes are vertically oriented. During movement of the hot combustion gases, from the large combustion tube into the smaller heat transfer tubes, the directional change in the gas, is augmented, by a changing effect of gravitational forces on the combustion gas stream. Inertia effects, in combination with velocity changes, produce a relatively high turbulence in the flowing combustion gas, with a corresponding increase in the scrubbing effect on the heat transfer tube walls.

Abstract: The invention concerns a furnace for biological fuels in which the combustion is effected downwards in order to allow firing down to very low output effect. In accordance with the invention the furnace has a fuel storage vessel (1) which also serves as a gas collection vessel and which during operation is pressurized to a slight atmospheric overpressure. The bottom part of the storage vessel is formed with sloping walls (4) the lower edges of which form a burner opening and above which opening is provided a draft-air supply means which extends closely alongside the sloping bottom along the portions thereof positioned closest to the burner opening.

Abstract: An electrically heated kiln having a ventilation system in accordance with the present invention includes a hinged upper wall, a lower wall, and side walls forming a firing chamber. The kiln further includes an upper ventilation aperture formed in the upper wall and a lower ventilation aperture formed in the lower wall. A duct connects the lower aperture with the outside environment. An exhaust fan, coupled to the duct, draws incoming air into the kiln through the upper aperture, downwardly through the kiln, and outwardly through the lower aperture into the duct to be expelled outside. The downward movement of the air and kiln gases causes turbulence near the upper portion of the kiln to create a more uniform temperature within the kiln. The apertures are sized and the draw rate is selected so as to provide proper ventilation of the kiln. The draw rate is preferably between 8% and 45% of the kiln volume per minute when measured at room temperature through the lower aperture.

Abstract: A furnace has a solid fuel hopper above a combustion chamber, an ash outlet below said combustion chamber, a combustion gas outlet at or below the level of the combustion chamber, and an auger in an ash chamber below the ash opening to regulate the size of an ash pile below the combustion chamber and hence control the escape of ash or fuel or non-combustibles through the ash opening. This enables the combustion gas outlet to be covered by hot coals within the combustion chamber so that any combustion gas from the combustion chamber or any pre-combustion zone must pass through a filter of hot coals before reaching the combustion gas outlet.

Abstract: A solid fuel burner 1 has a first chamber 2 for receiving a combustible fuel to be gasified and a substantially conical upwardly directed extraction zone connecting a bottom portion of the primary chamber 2 with a secondary chamber 8 through the apex region 42. The combustible fuel presents a relatively large surface area G into the extraction zone F and relatively low velocity gases can leave the primary combustion chamber 2 to maximize the extraction of gaseous fuel from the fuel while leaving fuel and other particulate material behind. The substantially conical shape of the extraction zone F which provides a convergent gas flow path does however enable a sufficiently high velocity or the hot gas entering into the secondary chamber 8. A transverse entry of cold air H by means of a tuyere assembly 46 is provided at the apex region 42. The high density of the cold air and its transverse flow ensures a good mixing of the cold air with the hot gas before its entry into the secondary chamber 8.

Abstract: A heat generator comprising a fuel supply chamber (7a), having at its lower end an inwardly tapered section (12), comprising at its lower end a burner plate (14) with mixing strips (33) and a combustion pipe (20), said tapered section (12) being provided with apertures (8) for primary air in its upper part, apertures (13) for secondary air at a level just above the level of the burner plate (14) and apertures (22) for tertiary air at a level just below the level of the burner plate (14) at the level of mixing strips (33). Preferably all air supplies are preheated. The combustion pipe (20) stands in closed connection with an outlet-pipe, preferably provided with an adjustable ventilator.

Abstract: Apparatus for burning material such as fuel, waste material and the like, which when burned produces gases within which pollutants are entrained and for cleaning the gases. The apparatus comprises an incinerator or a furnace having a combustion chamber in which the material is burned and in which tubes, preferably apertured, extend through the burning coke to which solid fuels are reduced and through the flames of an oil burner gun, for example within the confines of the combustion chamber which in such an instance is also a refractory chamber, act to conduct the polluted gases of combustion from the burning material through the same burning material where they are super heated and cleaned.

Abstract: A stove and method for burning solid fuels having an insulated primary combustion chamber, uniform distribution of preheated primary air through upward facing holes in a grate, downward flow of combustion gas through the grate, retention of hot coals in the grate structure, preheated secondary air, individually controlled primary and secondary air flows, insulated vortex combustion chambers for secondary combustion, longitudinally finned tubes as a first stage heat exchanger, plate-fin assembly as a second stage heat exchanger, an induced draft fan to draw the air and combustion gases through the combustion chambers as well as the heat exchangers, and a forced air fan to blow cool room air through the two stage heat exchanger.

Abstract: Method of improving the operation and efficiency of a steam generating furnace fired with high moisture content fuel, comprises providing a drying shaft parallel and offset from the combustion chamber of the furnace; wet fuel is introduced into the upper portion of the shaft while a portion of the hot products of combustion gases from the upper portion of the combustion chamber are also permitted to flow into the upper portion of the shaft. The hot gases evaporate moisture from the fuel and are simultaneously cooled thereby so as to increase in density and fall by gravity within the shaft co-currently with the fuel for recirculation into the lower portion of the combustion chamber while the at least partially dried fuel is deflected from the bottom of the shaft into the lower portion of the combustion chamber along with the recirculated gases.

Abstract: A boiler having a downdraft solid fuel firebox with a refractory hearth structure with a plurality of parallel internal conduits forming an internal combustion chamber, a heat exchanger below the firebox connected to the outlet of the internal combustion chamber, an outlet blower connected to the outlet of the heat exchanger and an air inlet valve controllable with the outlet blower to control the induction of air through the boiler for automatic boiler control.

Abstract: Apparatus for burning material and utilizing the heat of burning has a primary combustion chamber with an upper portion vented to the atmosphere, the material being fed into the primary combustion chamber. A secondary combustion chamber is in communication with a lower portion of the primary combustion chamber, and air is supplied into the secondary combustion chamber. A fan draws air from the atmosphere into the upper portion of the primary combustion chamber and draws combustion gases downwardly through burning waste material in the primary combustion chamber to cause further combustion of the combustion gases in the secondary combustion chamber. Combustion gases from the primary combustion chamber are vented to the atmosphere from the upper portion of the primary combustion chamber when the fan is not operating.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for burning fuel from a supply of solid fuel positioned at one side of a grating light a layer of the solid fuel at the grating to discharge combustible gas. Such discharged gas is drawn through the grating to a side of the grating opposite the mentioned one side and such drawn gas is burned at the other side of the grating. Attainable temperature of said grating, acting as a primary grating, is increased by providing a secondary grating spaced from such primary grating and located between that primary grating and a fire chamber.The methods and apparatus of the subject invention enable particulate, pelletized and other solid fuels, as well as combustible refuse and garbage, to be burned at an efficiency and convenience similar to the combustion of heating oil, and yet provide heat at a fraction of the cost of oil and gas heating methods.

Abstract: A heater which burns agricultural waste as its heat source includes a combustion chamber for the waste having a bottom opening, a grate for supporting the waste, an access lid at the top and an air intake at or adjacent the top. The bottom opening is connected to an exhaust system which includes a fan for creating a downward draft in the combustion chamber causing the exhaust gas stream to leave the chamber at the bottom opening. The exhaust system also includes elements for the removal of solid combustion products from the exhaust stream and for regulating the temperature of the exhaust stream which is then usable for heating purposes.

Abstract: The disclosure is of a downdraft furnace fired by solid, carbonaceous fuels such as wood logs, coal and the like. The furnace is adapted for burning the fuel in three stages, to obtain complete combustion. The advantage of the furnace of the invention resides in its heating efficiency with few pollutants released into the atmosphere.