Abstract: A gasification system that includes a gasification reactor chamber having perforated conduits or an inner lining that increases the exposed surface area of waste materials to gasification conditions, thereby decreasing gasification temperature, time, and cooling period between subsequent gasification procedures. After an aspirator withdraws and oxidizes fuel gas from the gasification reactor chamber, a flare assembly combusts the mixed fuel gas to provide power or heat to at least one heat recovery device. The at least one heat recovery device recaptures thermal energy entrained in the exhaust, thereby reducing exhaust temperature and eliminating the need for an exhaust stack. An absorber purifies the exhaust and an extractor removes carbon dioxide. A portion of the removed carbon dioxide may be used for industrial purposes or for supporting vegetation. At least a portion of the remaining exhaust is returned to the gasification reactor chamber as recycled process gas, thereby completing a closed-loop system.

Abstract: A method and a combustion furnace are provided by means of which waste which is predominantly of organic nature can be burnt effectively and uniformly. The combustion furnace comprises two bottlenecks, one above the other, constituted by rocking grates. The upper rocking grate essentially serves to subject the solids to pre-combustion, namely to drying, degasifying, and partial gasifying, and to supply the material uniformly in doses to the fire bed which is located on the lower grate and in which complete gasification takes place. Rotational movements of both grates provide for uniform passage of the material through the shaft without the risk of burn-through occurring along the edges so that the entire combustion process becomes highly uniform.

Abstract: A low lying horizontal furnace comprising a fireproof enclosure sealed by a top burns solid fuels which are gravity fed through a vertical feed chamber positioned over a feed aperture in the top of the furnace. An exhaust stack is placed over an exhaust aperture spaced away from the feed aperture for venting exhaust gases from the furnace. Elongated fins are fixed to the underside of the top for channeling the exhaust gases from the feed aperture to the exhaust aperture. The horizontal furnace provides a field expedient furnace for cooking and heating for mass populations in that the top can be placed over a shallow pit dug into the ground for combusting solid fuels.

Abstract: A method and a unit for the thermal destruction of industrial fluid wastes in which first and second heating phases are performed by mixing the combustion gases with the fluid wastes into combustion chambers, maintaining the mixture under high turbulence conditions to bring it to a thermodestruction temperature at which the mixed fluid waste is destroyed by heat; the gaseous mixture is maintained in adiabatic conditions at the thermodestroying temperature for a predetermined period of time along a path extending along most of a primary combustion chamber of the destroyer unit. The thermodestroyer unit has a monolithic structure which develops vertically, comprising a primary combustion chamber and an annular stay chamber, which surrounds the primary combustion chamber in which the burning mixture is maintained in a substantially adiabatic condition; the apparatus may be provided with a heat exchanger arranged at the outlet of the stay chamber.

Abstract: The invention concerns a furnace for biological fuels in which the combustion is effected downwards in order to allow firing down to very low output effect. In accordance with the invention the furnace has a fuel storage vessel (1) which also serves as a gas collection vessel and which during operation is pressurized to a slight atmospheric overpressure. The bottom part of the storage vessel is formed with sloping walls (4) the lower edges of which form a burner opening and above which opening is provided a draft-air supply means which extends closely alongside the sloping bottom along the portions thereof positioned closest to the burner opening.

Abstract: An electrically heated kiln having a ventilation system in accordance with the present invention includes a hinged upper wall, a lower wall, and side walls forming a firing chamber. The kiln further includes an upper ventilation aperture formed in the upper wall and a lower ventilation aperture formed in the lower wall. A duct connects the lower aperture with the outside environment. An exhaust fan, coupled to the duct, draws incoming air into the kiln through the upper aperture, downwardly through the kiln, and outwardly through the lower aperture into the duct to be expelled outside. The downward movement of the air and kiln gases causes turbulence near the upper portion of the kiln to create a more uniform temperature within the kiln. The apertures are sized and the draw rate is selected so as to provide proper ventilation of the kiln. The draw rate is preferably between 8% and 45% of the kiln volume per minute when measured at room temperature through the lower aperture.

Abstract: A furnace has a solid fuel hopper above a combustion chamber, an ash outlet below said combustion chamber, a combustion gas outlet at or below the level of the combustion chamber, and an auger in an ash chamber below the ash opening to regulate the size of an ash pile below the combustion chamber and hence control the escape of ash or fuel or non-combustibles through the ash opening. This enables the combustion gas outlet to be covered by hot coals within the combustion chamber so that any combustion gas from the combustion chamber or any pre-combustion zone must pass through a filter of hot coals before reaching the combustion gas outlet.

Abstract: A solid fuel burner 1 has a first chamber 2 for receiving a combustible fuel to be gasified and a substantially conical upwardly directed extraction zone connecting a bottom portion of the primary chamber 2 with a secondary chamber 8 through the apex region 42. The combustible fuel presents a relatively large surface area G into the extraction zone F and relatively low velocity gases can leave the primary combustion chamber 2 to maximize the extraction of gaseous fuel from the fuel while leaving fuel and other particulate material behind. The substantially conical shape of the extraction zone F which provides a convergent gas flow path does however enable a sufficiently high velocity or the hot gas entering into the secondary chamber 8. A transverse entry of cold air H by means of a tuyere assembly 46 is provided at the apex region 42. The high density of the cold air and its transverse flow ensures a good mixing of the cold air with the hot gas before its entry into the secondary chamber 8.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for burning fuel from a supply of solid fuel positioned at one side of a grating light a layer of the solid fuel at the grating to discharge combustible gas. Such discharged gas is drawn through the grating to a side of the grating opposite the mentioned one side and such drawn gas is burned at the other side of the grating. Attainable temperature of said grating, acting as a primary grating, is increased by providing a secondary grating spaced from such primary grating and located between that primary grating and a fire chamber.The methods and apparatus of the subject invention enable particulate, pelletized and other solid fuels, as well as combustible refuse and garbage, to be burned at an efficiency and convenience similar to the combustion of heating oil, and yet provide heat at a fraction of the cost of oil and gas heating methods.