Abstract: Systems and method are disclosed for determining a concentration of an analyte in a fluid (e.g., blood). The system can draw blood from a patient and deliver the blood to a sample cell. A particular component of the fluid (e.g., plasma) may be separated and/or positioned such that the concentration of the analyte is measured in the particular component of the fluid (e.g., plasma). The sample cell can include a sample container that has two window pieces. The system can have a fluid passage having a tip configured to mate with a multi-lumen catheter without leaking. The multi-lumen catheter can have proximal and distal ports. A fluid pressure system can be configured to periodically draw fluid from vasculature through a proximal intravascular opening and the proximal port while maintaining a low pressure and/or flow rate to thereby reduce risk of reversing the fluid flow in a vessel and drawing infusates upstream into another intravascular opening.

Abstract: A highly purified quartz powder having a low level of naturally occurring lithium modified for cladding a fiber optic cable, said modified quartz powder having an increased total amount of lithium in solid solution in said powder, said increased total amount being in the range of more than 0.50 ppm and less than 1.00 ppm and a method of modifying an highly purified quartz powder to make the same.

Abstract: Systems and method are disclosed for determining a concentration of an analyte in a fluid (e.g., blood). The system can draw blood from a patient and deliver the blood to a sample cell. A particular component of the fluid (e.g., plasma) may be separated and/or positioned such that the concentration of the analyte is measured in the particular component of the fluid (e.g., plasma). The sample cell can include a sample container that has two window pieces. The system can have a fluid passage having a tip configured to mate with a multi-lumen catheter without leaking. The multi-lumen catheter can have proximal and distal ports. A fluid pressure system can be configured to periodically draw fluid from vasculature through a proximal intravascular opening and the proximal port while maintaining a low pressure and/or flow rate to thereby reduce risk of reversing the fluid flow in a vessel and drawing infusates upstream into another intravascular opening.

Abstract: Systems and method are disclosed for determining a concentration of an analyte in a fluid (e.g., blood). The system can draw blood from a patient and deliver the blood to a sample cell. A particular component of the fluid (e.g., plasma) may be separated and/or positioned such that the concentration of the analyte is measured in the particular component of the fluid (e.g., plasma). The sample cell can include a sample container that has two window pieces. The system can have a fluid passage having a tip configured to mate with a multi-lumen catheter without leaking. The multi-lumen catheter can have proximal and distal ports. A fluid pressure system can be configured to periodically draw fluid from vasculature through a proximal intravascular opening and the proximal port while maintaining a low pressure and/or flow rate to thereby reduce risk of reversing the fluid flow in a vessel and drawing infusates upstream into another intravascular opening.

Abstract: A method of making a strengthened glass article includes providing a flat glass article having a select contour and a glass surface covered by a protective coating layer. The protective coating layer is removed from the glass surface without touching the glass surface with any solid object. Immediately after the protective coating layer is removed from the glass surface, the flat glass article is subjected to an ion-exchange process to strengthen the flat glass article and improve the resistance of the flat glass article to subsequent damage.

Abstract: A nanopiezoelectric generator is provided. The nanopiezoelectric generator includes a first electrode; a second electrode; at least one nanostructure that is interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, and includes a piezoelectric material and first carriers; and a concentration adjusting unit that adjusts a concentration of the first carriers in the at least one nanostructure.

Abstract: A method for large-scale manufacturing of gallium nitride boules. Large-area single crystal seed plates are suspended in a rack, placed in a large diameter autoclave or internally-heated high pressure apparatus along with ammonia and a mineralizer, and grown ammonothermally. The seed orientation and mounting geometry are chosen to provide efficient utilization of the seed plates and of the volume inside the autoclave or high pressure apparatus. The method is scalable up to very large volumes and is cost effective.

Abstract: Single, acentric, rhombohedral, fluoroberyllium borate crystals of a size sufficient for use in a variety of laser and non-optical applications are formed by a hydrothermal method.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a manufacturing method of a quartz-crystal device, in which its lid and base is manufactured with smaller thermal expansion coefficient between AT-cut quartz-crystal wafer.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention is a method for producing a silicon (Si) and/or germanium (Ge) foil, the method including: dissolving a Si and/or Ge source material in a molten metallic bath at an elevated temperature T2, wherein the density of Si and/or Ge is smaller than the density of the molten metallic bath; cooling the molten metallic bath to a lower temperature T1, thereby causing Si and/or Ge to separate out of the molten metallic bath and to float and grow as a Si and/or Ge foil on a top surface of the molten metallic bath; and separating the floating Si and/or Ge foil from the top surface of the molten metallic bath.

Abstract: The present invention relates to template-free clathrasils whose framework comprises essentially SiO2, wherein the crystals of the clathrasils have the platelet-like morphology of a sheet silicate. The present invention further relates to a process for preparing these template-free clathrasils and also to their use as absorbent, as seed crystals for the synthesis of clathrasil membranes of the same zeolite type and in the form of dense layers which function as gas separation membranes having a molecular sieving action.

Abstract: The present invention relates to colloidal photonic crystals using colloidal nanoparticles and a method for the preparation thereof, wherein by adding a viscoelastic material into a solution containing the colloidal nanoparticles when preparing the colloidal photonic crystals, a uniform volume contraction occurs due to the elasticity of the viscoelastic material even when a nonuniform volume contraction occurs while drying a dispersion medium in the colloidal solution. Thus, it is possible to prepare 2 or 3 dimensional colloidal photonic crystals of large scale with no defects in less time.

Abstract: A process for producing colloidal crystals immobilized with a polymer, comprising the steps of: preparing a monomer-dispersion in which colloidal crystals having a three-dimensionally ordered array state are formed by adding, to a monomer-containing liquid containing at least one kind of monomers, colloidal particles having an average particle size in a range from 0.01 ?m to 10 ?m and a degree of monodispersity expressed by a following equation (1) of 20% or below, [Degree of monodispersity (unit: %)]=([Standard deviation of particle size]/[Average particle size])×100??(1) and then by dispersing the colloidal particles so as to arrange the colloidal particles in a three-dimensionally ordered array state at which a reflection spectrum thereof exhibits a reflection peak; and obtaining the colloidal crystals immobilized with a polymer by polymerizing the monomers in the monomer-dispersion.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an artificial quartz member inhibited from suffering the decrease in transmittance in a laser light wavelength region which is caused by long-term irradiation with a laser light having a wavelength of 200 nm or shorter; and a process for producing the artificial quartz member. The invention provides an artificial quartz member for use as an optical element to be irradiated with a laser light having a wavelength of 200 nm or shorter, having an aluminum content of 200 ppb or lower.

Abstract: A system and method for growing diamond crystals from diamond crystal seeds by epitaxial deposition at low temperatures and atmospheric and comparatively low pressures. A solvent is circulated (by thermal convection and/or pumping), wherein carbon is added in a hot leg, transfers to a cold leg having, in some embodiments, a range of progressively lowered temperatures and concentrations of carbon via the circulating solvent, and deposits layer-by-layer on diamond seeds located at the progressively lower temperatures since as diamond deposits the carbon concentration lowers and the temperature is lowered to keep the solvent supersaturated. The solvent includes metal(s) or compound(s) that have low melting temperatures and transfer carbon at comparatively low temperatures. A controller receives parameter signals from a variety of sensors located in the system, processes these signals, and optimizes diamond deposition by outputting the necessary control signals to a plurality of control devices (e.g.

Abstract: Disclosed is a carbon-based composite particle for an electron emission source comprising: a particle of a material selected from the group consisting of metals, oxides, and ceramic materials; and a carbon-based material such as a carbon nanotube which is partially buried inside of the particle and which partially protrudes from the surface of the particle.

Abstract: The present invention relates to template-free clathraslls whose framework comprises essentially SO2, wherein the crystals of the ciathrasils have the platelet-like morphology of a sheet silicate. The present invention further relates to a process for preparing these template-free clathrasils and also to their use as absorbent, as seed crystals for the synthesis of ciathrasil membranes of the same zeolite type and in the form of dense layers which function as gas separation membranes having a molecular sieving action.

Abstract: In the case of a device for the melting and/or crystallizing of non-ferrous metals, especially of silicon, provision is made, for improving the quality of the crystallized and block-shaped non-ferrous metal, for there to be arranged around a container for receiving the non-ferrous metal at least one controllable cooling element for the active removal of heat from the non-ferrous metal.

Abstract: A high quality single-crystalline polyalkylthiophene structure can be easily prepared by the inventive method which comprises: (i) dissolving polyalkylthiophene in an organic solvent at a temperature ranging from 50 to 100° C., sequentially quenching the polyalkylthiophene solution at a temperature ranging from 25 to 40° C. and then at ?5 to 15° C., to obtain a self-seeding polyalkylthiophene solution; and (ii) applying the self-seeding polyalkylthiophene solution obtained in step (i) to one surface of a nano-template having a hydrophobic supramolecule coating layer formed thereon to induce self-assembly and crystallization of polyalkylthiophene on the surface.

Abstract: A semiconductor nanocrystal composition comprising a Group V to VI semiconductor material and a method of making same. The method includes synthesizing a semiconductor nanocrystal core, where the synthesizing includes dissolving a Group V to VI anion gas in a first solvent to produce a Group V to VI anion precursor, preparing a cation precursor, and reacting the Group V to VI anion precursor with the cation precursor in the presence of a second solvent. The reacting may occur in a high pressure vessel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of producing an optical element using a garnet single crystal for the purpose of providing an optical element with a reduced Pb content or from which Pb can preliminarily be removed completely. By growing a garnet single crystal by using a solution containing Na, Bi and B by the LPE process and thermally treating the garnet single crystal in reducing atmosphere prepared by using nitrogen gas and/or hydrogen gas, the resulting thermally treated garnet single crystal is used to prepare an optical element.

Abstract: Single, acentric, hexagonal, beryllium borate crystals having the formula Sr2Be2B2O7 and of a size sufficient for use in a variety of laser and non-optical applications are formed by a hydrothermal method. Alternate structures are formed by partially substituting the strontium ion with at least one other divalent metal ion.

Abstract: Single, acentric, rhombohedral, potassium fluoroberyllium borate crystals of a size sufficient for use in a variety of laser and non-optical applications are formed by a hydrothermal method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a ferroelectric ceramic compound having the composition of the following formula: s[L]?x[P]y[M]z[N]p[T], a ferroelectric ceramic single crystal, and preparation processes thereof. The ferroelectric ceramic compound and the single crystal according to the present invention are relaxor ferroelectrics having high piezoelectricity, a high electromechanical coefficient and a high electrooptical coefficient, and are useful for manufacturing tunable filters for radio communication, optical communication devices, surface acoustic wave devices, and the like. Particularly, the process of preparing the single crystal according to the present invention enables preparation of a single crystal having a diameter of 5 cm or greater and a single crystal wafer with uniform composition.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a compound single crystal that can improve a growth rate and grow a large single crystal with high crystal uniformity in a short time, and a production apparatus used for the method. The compound single crystal is grown while stirring a material solution to create a flow from a gas-liquid interface in contact with a source gas toward the inside of the material solution. With this stirring, the source gas can be dissolved easily in the material solution, and supersaturation can be achieved in a short time, thus improving the growth rate of the compound single crystal. Moreover, the flow formed by the stirring goes from the gas-liquid interface where a source gas concentration is high to the inside of the material solution where the source gas concentration is low, so that dissolution of the source gas becomes uniform.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of forming high quality diamond bodies under high pressure, and the diamond bodies produced by such methods. In one aspect, a method is provided for growing a diamond body, including providing a non-particulate silicon carbide (SiC) mass having a pre-designed shape, placing the SiC mass under high pressure in association with a molten catalyst and a carbon source, and maintaining the SiC mass under high pressure to form a substantially monocrystalline diamond body. The diamond body may be formed across substantially all of the SiC mass having surface area exposed to the molten catalyst. As such, the diamond body may conform to the shape of the exposed surface area of the SiC mass.

Abstract: The template type substrate is used for opto-electric or electrical devices and comprises A) a layer of bulk mono-crystal nitride containing at least one element of alkali metals (Group I, IUPAC 1989) and B) a layer of nitride grown by means of vapor phase epitaxy growth wherein the layer A) and the layer B) are combined at non N-polar face of the layer A) and N-polar face of the layer B). Therefore, the template type substrate has a good dislocation density and a good value of FWHM of the X-ray rocking curve from (0002) plane less than 80, so that the resulting template type substrate is very useful for the epitaxy substrate from gaseous phase such as MOCVD, MBE and HVPE, resulting in possibility of making good opto-electric devices such as Laser Diode and large-output LED and good electric devices such as MOSFET.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for surface treating metal pipes includes introducing a treatment liquid into a first distribution chamber having a flat bottom surface, and dropping the treatment liquid onto at least a portion of the outer peripheral surface of the metal pipe through a plurality of holes formed in the bottom surface of the first distribution chamber. Preferably, a distance between the bottom surface of the first distribution chamber and the metal pipe is maintained constant as the outer diameter of the pipe varies. The treatment liquid may be introduced into a second distribution chamber having a flat bottom surface, and the treatment liquid may then be introduced into the first distribution chamber through a plurality of holes formed in the bottom surface of the second distribution chamber. It is possible for the first distribution chamber to simultaneously drop the treatment liquid onto at least two metal pipes.

Abstract: A self-assembled photonic crystal is formed using a template made by nanoimprint lithography. A layer of imprintable material is deposited on a substrate, a pattern is imprinted in the imprintable material to form a template (the pattern of the template being adapted to substantially constrain colloidal particles to a predetermined lattice), and colloidal particles are introduced onto the template, substantially filling the predetermined lattice.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for hydrothermally growing crystals in a pressure vessel containing feed crystals immersed in a mineralizing solution. The apparatus is disposed in the pressure vessel, above the mineralizing solution. The apparatus includes an enclosure having opposing major walls with passages extending therethrough. The enclosure completely surrounds a seed plate having opposing major faces. A restraining structure holds the seed plate within the enclosure such that the major faces of the seed plate are spaced inwardly from the major walls.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for producing calcite-type calcium carbonate single crystal available for optical elements, which can be carried out under relatively low temperature and low pressure conditions. The crystal growth process which comprises; a first step of filling a sealed pressure container of an autoclave with solvent and calcium carbonate as a raw material for growth, a second step of dissolving the starting rate in the solvent under predetermined conditions of pressure and temperature, a third step of crystallizing the calcium carbonate on a seed crystal suspended in the upper portion of the pressure container, on account of the difference of solubility caused by temperature gradient in the container; the method is characterized by that the aqueous solution of ammonium salt of mono-carboxylic acid is used as the solvent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and compositions for the growth and alignment of crystals at biopolymeric films. The methods and compositions of the present invention provide means to generate a variety of dense crystalline ceramic films, with totally aligned crystals, at low temperatures and pressures, suitable for use with polymer and plastic substrates.

Abstract: ST-cut and AT-cut quartz seed bodies (18,40) for quartz crystal synthesis and method (100) for making the same are disclosed. An extended quartz seed body (18) having an angle of about 42.75.degree. rotated about a X axis (20) from a +Z axis (22) to a -Y axis (24) and defining a ST-cut is provided and a quartz crystal bar (32) is grown thereupon. Analogously, an extended quartz seed body (40) having an angle of about 35.25.degree. rotated about a X axis (20) from a +Z axis (22) to a -Y axis (24) and defining an AT-cut is provided and a quartz crystal bar (48) is grown thereupon. In each case, the subsequent quartz crystal bar (32,48) may be wafered parallel to the seed body (18,40) thereby; reducing waste (68), recovering the seed body (18,40) for reuse, producing wafers (70) without intervening seed portions, and increasing factory capacity.

Abstract: Single crystals of binary and ternary compounds of alkaline earth and a chalcogen, with or without a transition element, are grown by: charging a reaction vessel with an alkaline earth chalcogenide, with or without a transition element or a halide thereof, an acidic mineralizer, and anhydrous ammonia to where the fill factor in the reaction vessel is 30-95%; sealing the reaction vessel to the outside atmosphere; heating the contents of the reaction vessel to a temperature of at least 300.degree. C. until single crystal materials visible to the eye form in the reaction vessel; cooling the contents of the reaction vessel; and extracting the single crystal materials from the reaction vessel.

Abstract: ST-cut and AT-cut quartz seed bodies (18,40) for quartz crystal synthesis and method for making the same are disclosed. An extended quartz seed body (18) having an angle of about 42.75.degree. rotated about a X axis (20) from a +Z axis (22) to a -Y axis (24) and defining a ST-cut is provided and a quartz crystal bar (32) is grown thereupon. Analogously, an extended quartz seed body (40) having an angle of about 35.25.degree. rotated about a X axis (20) from a +Z axis (22) to a -Y axis (24) and defining an AT-cut is provided and a quartz crystal bar (48) is grown thereupon. In each case, the subsequent quartz crystal bar (32,48) may be wafered parallel to the seed body (18,40) thereby; reducing waste (68), recovering the seed body (18,40) for reuse, producing wafers (70) without intervening seed portions, and increasing factory capacity.

Abstract: A seal apparatus is disclosed for sealing an outlet of a pressurized chamber from fluid loss from the chamber and contamination to the chamber. The apparatus includes certain combinations of (a) a chamber outlet structure; (b) a removable cover; (c) means for reversibly connecting the cover to the chamber outlet structure; and (d) a compressible self-energizing ring having a surface which consists essentially of a material selected from the group consisting of noble metals, noble metal alloys and polytetrafluoroethylene, which has a hardness selected to substantially avoid deformation when the cover is sealed to the chamber outlet structure.Also disclosed are certain pressure vessels for hydrothermal crystal growth using a crystal growth media, which comprise (a) a vessel base and (b) a removable vessel cover.

Abstract: The present invention is a filtering flow guide for hydrothermal reaction vessels--such as crystal growth apparatus--which improves crystal production efficiency and crystal quality without significantly slowing down flow velocities or crystal growth times. One embodiment of the flow guide fits inside a conventional hydrothermal autoclave for crystal growth, and includes at least one central inlet conduit by which crystal nutrient solution flows from the autoclave's dissolving zone into its growth chamber. A plurality of funnels encircle the inlet conduit, the funnels contiguous with each other along their lateral edges and with the inlet conduit's intake opening at the funnels' innermost edges. Each funnel may be substantially shaped as a hollow, inverted triangular pyramid with a nadir instead of an apex, the nadir opening into a filter-containing outlet.

Abstract: Imide copolymers consisting essentially of at least ##SPC1## of recurring units of the formula ##SPC2##Together with recurring units of the formula:In which M represents an aliphatic, aromatic, carbocyclic or heterocyclic divalent radical and R represents a tetravalent aromatic radical are provided having special utility as adhesives for polyimide and polyimide-amide films.