Abstract: Device for coating, preferably for painting, the main surfaces of rigid panels with liquid products includes a substantially horizontal support surface to support a rigid panel and a painting head placed orthogonally to the direction of relative movement and above the support surface. The painting head has, in sequence on its face facing the support surface, a dispensing outlet for a liquid product and a suction inlet for the liquid product so as to create a veil of liquid product. The first side surface of the face is configured so that the distance d4 between one of the points around the first end of the dispensing outlet and the support surface is smaller than the distance dx between any other point belonging to the face and the support surface.

Abstract: The invention relates to a dosing system (1) for a dosing material having a nozzle (40), a feed channel (44) for dosing material, a discharge element (31), an actuator unit (10) that is coupled to the discharge element (31) and/or the nozzle (40) and has a piezo actuator (60), and a cooling device (2). The cooling device (2) comprises a supply device (21, 24, 26) for feeding a precooled cooling medium into a housing (11) of the dosing system (1). The cooling device (2) is configured for direct cooling of at least one subregion of the piezo actuator (60) and/or at least one subregion of a movement mechanism (14) coupled to the piezo actuator (60) by means of the precooled cooling medium.

Abstract: A poultry carcass spraying cabinet having an inclined or declined section located between the entrance and exit, the inclined or declined section having a slope or angle such that the wing-area of adjacently shackled poultry carcasses being conveyed is spaced to increase spray performance of the carcass spraying cabinet, allow foreign material proximate the wing-area of the poultry carcasses to be dislodged, and thereby minimize cross-contamination during poultry processing. The spray nozzles of adjacent arbor members of the inclined or declined section being located in different horizontal planes to provide optimal spraying performance proximate the wing-area of the poultry carcass.

Abstract: A sealant discharging apparatus includes a cartridge, a nozzle member, and a cartridge receiver. The cartridge includes a projection member at a tip end and stores sealant therein. The projection member has a thread groove internally. The nozzle member includes a terminal end insertable in the projection member. The cartridge receiver includes a first tapered member in which the projection member is insertable. The first tapered member has a gradually decreasing inner diameter in a tip end direction in which the projection member is insertable.

Abstract: A method includes contacting a first guide, coupled to a body of a nozzle, with a first side of an object; biasing a gate toward the first guide so that a second guide contacts a second side of the object; moving the nozzle along the object while maintaining the first guide in contact with the first side, and the second guide in contact with the second side; and applying the bead of the glutinous substance to the surface via an outlet opening of the nozzle while moving the nozzle along the object, wherein width of the bead and flow of the glutinous substance through the outlet opening are controlled via movement of the gate relative to the body.

Abstract: An adhesive dispenser is includes a plurality of adhesive dispensing parts, each including an adhesive dispensing tube, an adhesive extrusion assembly, and a driving component. The adhesive dispensing tube is configured to carry an adhesive therein. The adhesive extrusion assembly is connected with the adhesive dispensing tube, and is configured to apply a pressure to the adhesive in the adhesive dispensing tube such that the adhesive is dispensed from the adhesive dispensing tube. The driving component is configured to drive adhesive extrusion assemblies of the plurality of adhesive dispensing parts to apply the pressure to the adhesive.

Abstract: A method for adjusting a chemical liquid supply device of supplying a chemical liquid through a nozzle for removing a coating film on a peripheral portion of a substrate having the coating film formed on a surface thereof and horizontally held by a holding table is provided. The method includes discharging the chemical liquid from the nozzle, performing, by an image pickup part, continuous image pickup on a region including a leading end of the nozzle and a region in which the chemical liquid discharged from the leading end forms a liquid stream in the air, acquiring area change data representing a temporal change in area of the chemical liquid in an image pickup region based on an image pickup result obtained by the image pickup part, and adjusting a supply control device installed in a chemical liquid supply path connected to the nozzle based on the area change data.

Abstract: Systems and methods related to dispensing fluid and controlling a dispensing operation. The system includes a fluid dispenser including an inlet and an outlet, the dispenser being operable to start and stop the flow of the fluid from the outlet onto a substrate. A fluid supply reservoir adapted to hold the fluid, and having an outlet coupled in fluid communication with the inlet of the fluid dispenser to establish a flow path for the fluid between the fluid supply reservoir and the outlet of the fluid dispenser. The fluid supply reservoir further includes a pneumatic input coupled to an air flow path adapted to receive pressurized air for forcing the fluid from the outlet of the reservoir. An electronic air mass flow meter device is operatively coupled to the air flow path to produce electrical output signals proportional to the mass flow rate of the air flowing through the pneumatic input.

Abstract: A pneumatic vacuum valve is situated atop a cylinder or convenient working space utilized in conjunction with a pneumatic elevator. The vacuum valve has a coupling unit holding a diaphragm device for actuation of the diaphragm against a flow control opening. An Allen screw uses a simple regulation device to control the flow of air into a working chamber for expansion and contraction of the diaphragm device.

Abstract: A dense phase powder coating system includes a powder supply, dense phase pump, a spray gun and a diverter valve that can be used to select between conveying powder to the spray gun or circulating the powder back to the powder supply. The diverter valve may include two pneumatically actuate valve members. In one embodiment, the powder spray gun applies powder coating material to inside surfaces of a tubular container. A spray nozzle concept also is presented having a nozzle body with a conical deflector. The spray nozzle provides an uninterrupted flow between spray nozzle outlet holes and a deflector surface. The deflector may be integrally machined with the nozzle body to provide a one piece spray nozzle.

Abstract: An adhesive applying device includes a robot including a robot arm; a rotor set jig for setting thereat a rotor; a gun including a holder to which a cartridge containing the adhesive is mountable, the gun discharging the adhesive in the cartridge mounted to the holder and being mountable to an end of the robot arm; an electromagnetic valve that performs on/off switching control of supply of compressed air at a predetermined pressure into the cartridge mounted to the holder of the gun; a robot controller that controls an operation of the robot; and an upper-order controller that coordinates and controls the on/off switching control performed by the electromagnetic valve and the control of the operation of the robot performed by the robot controller.

Abstract: A liquid crystal material dispensing apparatus includes a spacer height measuring unit for measuring a height of a spacer on a substrate, and a liquid crystal material dispensing system for determining an amount of the liquid crystal material to be dispensed on the substrate based upon the measured spacer height and for dispensing the liquid crystal material onto the substrate.

Abstract: A solar cell extrusion printing system that uses a micro-extrusion printhead to print longer central gridlines and one or more pairs of shorter “side” gridlines such that end points of the gridline sets form step patterns on an octagonal (pseudo-square) substrate. The printhead includes a set of central nozzles that receive ink from a first valve by way of a first flow channel to print the longer central gridlines, and additional sets of side nozzles that receive ink from additional valves by way of additional flow channels to print the shorter “side” gridlines. The central nozzles have outlet orifices that offset in the process direction from side outlet orifices of the side nozzles. A start signal is simultaneously sent to the valves such that ink is substantially simultaneously extruded through both the central and side orifices, whereby the extruded ink produces gridline endpoints having the desired step pattern.

Abstract: A mole delivery system and method provide pulses of known molar quantities as a function of the time duration of each pulse, which in turn is derived as a function of the ideal gas law. In one embodiment of the system, the system comprises: a chamber of known volume and controlled and known temperature; a pressure sensor to measure the pressure in the chamber; an outlet valve to a process tool; an inlet valve to charge the chamber with the delivery gas; and a control system configured and arranged so as to control the operation of the outlet valve, control the amount of each gas pulse by controlling the timing of the valve to the process tool.

Abstract: Prepping a surface entails entraining a coating particle into a fluid stream, directing the fluid stream containing the coating particle at the surface to be prepped to thereby prep the surface using the coating particle. The prepped surface can then be coated using the same or substantially similar coating particle. This technique can be used with a continuous airjet, a forced pulsed airjet, a continuous waterjet or a forced pulsed waterjet as the carrier stream. This invention solves the problem of foreign blasting particles becoming embedded in the atomic matrix of the surface to be prepped, which can result in unpredictable behavior of the surface properties and even catastrophic failure.

Abstract: A powder spraycoating method and powder spraycoating equipment. A dense phase powder pump is used. According to a predetermined conveying-air function in a control unit, different rates of compressed conveying air can be defined for different powder rates. In one predetermined total-air function in the control unit, the sum of total-air rate composed of the rate of compressed conveying air and of the rate of supplemental compressed air can be kept constant even if the rate of compressed conveying air changes.

Abstract: A method is provided for inhibiting plant growth by inducing hypothermia by applying a treating substance to summer annual weeds and grasses. Susceptible undesirable plants will be killed by this treatment, while non-susceptible desirable plants will not be adversely affected by this treatment. Compressed carbon dioxide may be applied to other summer grasses to cause the grasses to become dormant. An apparatus is provided for inducing hypothermia in undesirable plants by applying a treating substance. A canister capable of housing gas may be provided. A valve may be provided to control the amount and pressure of gas dispensed from the canister.

Abstract: A vacuum system for semiconductor fabrication. The system includes a vacuum chamber for performing a semiconductor fabrication process, a vacuum source, and a piping system fluidly connecting the vacuum chamber to the vacuum source. In one embodiment, the piping system is configured without a horizontal flow path section of piping. In some embodiments, the piping system includes a first piping branch and a second piping branch. The first and second piping branches preferably have a symmetrical configuration with respect to the vacuum source. In yet other embodiments, the first and second piping branches preferably each include a throttle valve.

Abstract: A method of applying a coating solution onto an upper surface of a glass plate that is transported in a substantially horizontal attitude, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the method including the steps of transporting the glass plate into a coating chamber, and opening the plurality of coating nozzles which are positioned in a row at constant intervals therebetween along a curved shape of the upper surface of the glass plate in a width direction of the glass plate perpendicular to the direction of transporting the glass plate by the nozzle position adjusting means and the nozzle height adjusting means, to thereby inject the coating solution when the coating nozzles are located in a region of the upper surface of the glass plate which extends from the leading edge of the glass plate to the rear edge of the glass plate.

Abstract: A patch application system is provided comprising a powder application booth. The powder application booth comprises a powder block to temporarily house the powder prior to ejection, a nozzle insert to guide the powder onto the screw, a support stand to adjust the powder block to the appropriate position relative to the screw for a desired patch location and size, a powder cup to deliver the powder to the powder block. A programmable logic controller electronically coupled to the micro air-switch valve controls the duration the air-switch valve remains open. The entire process may be automated by including a screw hopper to temporarily store a plurality of screws, a bowl feeder receiving the screws and delivering the screws to a rotating disk, wherein the rotating disk passes the screws through a heating element and presents the heated screws to the powder application booth.

Abstract: A system and method for spray gun or nozzle control wherein the spray gun liquid discharge pattern is dynamically varied to correspond to the dimensions of a moving target object or a portion of the moving target. The spray gun includes inputs for fan air, atomizing air, and liquid, as well as cylinder air. Upon detection of a target object approaching, such as on a conveyor belt, the fan air pressure, atomizing air pressure, liquid pressure, and cylinder air pressure are varied according to predefined or contemporaneously generated curves to provide a spray pattern that corresponds to the shape of the target object or portion of the target object, thus minimizing waste and inefficiency due to overspray.

Abstract: The process involves pouring a smothering powder onto a spent anode placed on a support to cover it, with the aim of limiting fluorinated gas emission by the anode. The support may include a temporary tank, pre-filled with powder and provided with an opening for discharging the powder towards the anode on the support.

Abstract: The present invention comprises an automated apparatus capable of spray depositing polyelectrolytes via the LbL mechanism with minimal or no human interaction. In certain embodiments, the apparatus sprays atomized polyelectrolytes onto a vertically oriented substrate. To counteract the effects of irregular spray patterns, the substrate is preferably slowly rotated about a central axis. In certain embodiments, the apparatus also includes a forced pathway for the droplets, such as a pathway created by using a vacuum. In this way, a thicker or three-dimensional substrate can be coated. In certain embodiments, the apparatus is designed so as to be scalable. Thus, through the use of multiple instantiations of the apparatus, a large or irregularly shaped substrate can be coated. Rolls of textile can therefore be coated using the apparatus. Additionally, the present invention includes a method to uniformly coat a substrate, such as a hydrophobic textile material, using aqueous solutions of polyelectrolytes.

Abstract: An automatic machine for versatile and alternative application of at least two types of sealant along the perimetric rim of an insulating glazing unit, whose spacer frame is constituted preferably but not exclusively by a continuous strip of expanded synthetic material. In particular, the machine allows simple and quick switching from one sealant to another, since the path of the plurality of sealants which starts from their feed, be they of the hot and/or cold extruded type, uses a plurality of ducts which reach the extrusion nozzles that are active proximate to the perimetric rim of the insulating glazing unit.

Abstract: A chemical solution is uniformly dispensed from a nozzle by N2 in spin-coating equipment. The dispensing apparatus includes a canister configured to receive a bottle containing the chemical solution, gas supply piping connecting a source of N2 to the inside of the canister, a pressure control valve disposed in the gas supply piping, a chemical supply line by which the bottle is connected to the nozzle, a pressure sensor for sensing the pressure of the chemical solution supplied from the bottle, and a controller that controls the pressure control valve on the basis of the pressure sensed by the pressure sensor. The controller opens the pressure control valve further when the value of the signal output by the pressure sensor is less than a value representative of the minimum of a predetermined pressure range, and closes the pressure control valve further when the value of the signal output by the pressure sensor is greater than a value representative of the maximum of the predetermined pressure range.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and computer program product for modifying a surface of a component is provided. In use, a surface of a component is translated relative to at least one jet for a period of time to form a plurality of features thereon.

Abstract: Leakage of an atmosphere of a solvent vapor used by a smoothing process for smoothing the surface of a resist pattern outside from a smoothing unit is prevented to facilitate incorporating the smoothing unit into a coating and developing system. A substrate processing system has a coating and developing block 20, a smoothing block 50, an airflow producing unit 60 for producing down airflow that flows down from above the coating and developing block 20 and the smoothing block 50, and a main controller 100 for controlling the airflow producing unit 60.

Abstract: A metering system for a coating installation for coating components such as vehicle body parts contains an applicator which applies the coating material supplied to it with a volumetric flow metered on-demand, a regulated first metering device which adjusts the pressure or the volumetric flow of the coating material to be applied by the applicator based on setpoints which are specified by automated installation controls, a transducer to generate a reading which matches the pressure or the volumetric flow of the coating material flowing to the applicator and a control device for regulating the metering device as a function of the specified setpoints and of the reading from the transducer. A second metering device is connected at the outlet of the regulated first metering device for the coating material flowing to the applicator which controls the pressure or volumetric flow of the said applied coating material for precision metering of the coating material applied as a function of the specified setpoints.

Abstract: A gantry tower spraying system with a cartridge/receptacle assembly includes a gantry and a spray assembly coupled to the gantry to allow for translational movement of the spray assembly along the gantry. The spray assembly includes a receptacle for receiving a cartridge containing a cosmetic liquid for skin treatment, and a spray nozzle coupled to the receptacle for receiving the cosmetic liquid and dispensing the cosmetic liquid in a spray. The receptacle has an inner surface of a size and shape to generally conform to a size and shape of a portion of an outer surface of the cartridge. The spraying system can further be provided with an oscillation mechanism adapted to cause oscillation of the spray nozzle. The bottle can be provided with a keying mechanism for engaging a corresponding key structure of the receptacle.

Abstract: A process system includes a plurality of processing modules each processing a substrate with a process liquid. There is disposed a dispensing mechanism that dispenses the process liquid to the vertically arranged modules. The dispensing mechanism is provided with a process liquid supply source, and pumps corresponding to the respective processing modules. Each pump temporarily stores therein the process liquid which has been pressure-fed through a riser piping from the process liquid supply source by a pressing apparatus, and delivers the process liquid from an outlet. There are disposed nozzles each having a discharge port and discharging the process liquid to the corresponding processing module. Delivery pipings connecting the outlets of the pumps with the discharge ports of the corresponding nozzles have identical length to each other.

Abstract: A regeneration apparatus for an electroless plating solution, which includes a sensor for measuring the formation rate of phosphorous acid formed in a plating tank in response to a plating treatment, a split device for taking out a plating solution in the plating tank to transfer the plating solution to a first processing tank, a sensor for measuring the concentration of the phosphorous acid contained in the plating solution taken out, an addition device for supplying calcium carbonate or calcium hydroxide, an amount of which is required for producing a calcium phosphite from the phosphorous acid contained in the plating solution, to the first processing tank, a separation device for separating and removing the calcium phosphite produced in the first processing tank from the plating solution, and a return pump for transferring the plating solution from which the calcium phosphite has been separated and removed to the plating tank.

Abstract: An apparatus is designed to apply a controlled adhesive bead to a workpiece as the workpiece is manually moved along a stationary adhesive dispensing mechanism. The apparatus comprises a worktable with a motion detection device mounted on a top surface of the table, the adhesive dispensing mechanism mounted to the worktable, an electronic control system mounted to the worktable and operatively connected to the motion detection device and the adhesive dispensing mechanism, and an adhesive source. The workpiece is manually moved under the dispensing mechanism. Regardless of the workpiece movement speed, a consistent sized adhesive bead is applied to the workpiece.

Abstract: The invention concerns a coating plant for the coating of construction units with a coating medium, in particular a paint system for the lacquer finish of motor vehicle body parts, with a dosing pump, the coating medium supplied with a certain delivery (Fm) proportioned, and a pressure control valve arranged upstream before the dosing pump to adjust a coating medium pressure (p v) at the entrance of the dosing pump, as well as a control unit to adjust the pressure control valve a controlled variable of the pressure difference (?p) through the dosing pump independently of the delivery of the dosing pump and the changing viscosity of the lacquers to an essentially constant desired value (?pTARGET).

Abstract: An oxidizing method for an object to be processed according to the present invention includes: an arranging step of arranging a plurality of objects to be processed in a processing container whose inside can be vacuumed, the processing container having a predetermined length, a main supplying unit of an oxidative gas and a supplying unit of a reducing gas being provided at one end of the processing container, a sub supplying unit of the oxidative gas being provided on a way in a longitudinal direction of the processing container; an atmosphere forming step of supplying the oxidative gas and the reducing gas into the processing container in order to form an atmosphere having active oxygen species and active hydroxyl species in the processing container; and an oxidizing step of oxidizing surfaces of the plurality of objects to be processed in the atmosphere.

Abstract: A droplet jetting applicator includes a coating unit jetting and coating droplets to a to-be-coated object; a storage space storing the to-be-coated object coated with the droplets; an exhaust section exhausting gas in the storage space; an adjustment unit adjusting an outlet flow of the gas exhausted by the exhaust section from the storage space; and a control section controlling the adjustment unit so that the outlet flow is changed in a stepwise manner.

Abstract: A regeneration apparatus for an electroless plating solution includes a sensor for measuring the formation rate of phosphorous acid formed in a plating tank in response to a plating treatment, a split device for taking out a plating solution in the plating tank to transfer the plating solution to a first processing tank, a sensor for measuring the concentration of the phosphorous acid contained in the plating solution taken out, an addition device for supplying calcium carbonate or calcium hydroxide, an amount of which is required for producing a calcium phosphite from the phosphorous acid contained in the plating solution, to the first processing tank, a separation device for separating and removing the calcium phosphite produced in the first processing tank from the plating solution, and a return pump for transferring the plating solution from which the calcium phosphite has been separated and removed to the plating tank.

Abstract: A gantry tower spraying system with a cartridge/receptacle assembly includes a gantry and a spray assembly coupled to the gantry to allow for translational movement of the spray assembly along the gantry. The spray assembly includes a receptacle for receiving a cartridge containing a cosmetic liquid for skin treatment, and a spray nozzle coupled to the receptacle for receiving the cosmetic liquid and dispensing the cosmetic liquid in a spray. The receptacle has an inner surface of a size and shape to generally conform to a size and shape of a portion of an outer surface of the cartridge. The spraying system can further be provided with an oscillation mechanism adapted to cause oscillation of the spray nozzle. The bottle can be provided with a keying mechanism for engaging a corresponding key structure of the receptacle.

Abstract: A film-forming apparatus includes a mixing section which mixes material particles and core particles having a large particle size than that of the material particles; a separating section which separates the material particles and the core particles; an aerosol-generator which generates aerosol by dispersing the separated material particles in a carrier gas; and a nozzle which ejects the aerosol containing the material particles. The core particles having the large particle size can be easily controlled in terms of transport amount of the core particles, as compared to the material particles which are fine particles used for the film formation. Further, since the core particles hardly cause clog-up in the system, the concentration of aerosol can be maintained stably by appropriately controlling the transport amount of the core particles.

Abstract: A method for monitoring the quality of a pattern of fluid beads applied to a moving substrate measures time delays between the passage of a reference point on a substrate element and leading and trailing edges of a bead, the quality of which is to be measured. A time delay ratio is generated, and compared to a reference ratio. The result of the comparison is indicative of variations in the quality of the measured bead. The invention has utility in a variety of industries, including industries in which adhesive beads are applied to a substrate, such as the envelope and box industries. An apparatus in accordance with the invention may conveniently utilize non-contact sensors to monitor the passage of the substrate and beads, and further may advantageously monitor the leading edge of the substrate and leading and trailing edges of the beads.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for making a hard pack cigarette package composed of a transparent material that includes an inner frame that is also composed of a transparent material. The package is assembled using a hot-melt adhesive material to bind the package together as well as to bind the inner frame insert and a foil wrapped assemblage of smoking articles to the package. The hot-melt adhesive material is applied by an electronically controlled hot-melt adhesive applicator working in conjunction with a uniform contrast roller.

Abstract: A paint delivery and application apparatus, wherein the apparatus includes a source of paint, a paint applicator, a supply line interconnecting the source of paint and the applicator and at least one pig in the supply line, wherein the paint pushes the pig from adjacent the source of paint to the paint applicator and a source of purging solvent delivering a small volume of purging solvent to the supply line when the pig is adjacent the source of paint adjacent to and upstream of the pig acting as a lubricant, reducing chattering and skipping of the pig and extending the life of the pig. Where the apparatus includes two pigs, purging solvent is delivered between the pigs adjacent the applicator, the pigs are delivered to adjacent the source of paint and a small volume of solvent is then delivered from between the pigs upstream of the pigs.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for supplying a paint application device with paint, whereby a determined amount of paint is transported between two scrapers through a scraper line, from a first scraper station which can be connected to a paint supply source, to a second scraper station which can be connected to the paint application device. Said scraper line is cleaned on the return path from the second scraper station to the first scraper station, by a cleaning product which is also transported between the two scrapers. In this way, the scraper line can be cleaned in a reliable manner, with a simple embodiment of the scraper, thus rendering the inventive method especially useful when a color change is carried out.

Abstract: A dispensing device (4) for charging underfill agent into a gap between a substrate (K) and a chip (C) includes means for storing underfill agent (66, 67), a chamber (52) provided for containing substrate (K) to be charged with underfill agent and capable of being opened/closed, a dispenser (73) provided in the chamber (52) and discharging underfill agent introduced from the storing means (66, 67) into the gap between the substrate (K) and the chip (C), and a first pressure reducing means (46) for reducing the pressure in the chamber (52) at a predetermined vacuum pressure prior to the discharge of underfill agent by the dispenser (73). The dispensing device (4) can supply underfill agent with no bubbles to the substrate (K). A mounting system using this dispensing device (4) is also provided by the invention.

Abstract: A sealant forming device, a sealant forming method and a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device using the same are disclosed. According to the present invention, a sealant coagulated in a nozzle can be minimized or prevented by performing an instantaneous suction process. A sealant forming device includes a dispenser including a syringe, and a nozzle connected to a lower end of the syringe to discharge a sealant therethrough; a dispensing tube connected to the syringe to apply a pressure to the syringe; and an instantaneous suction tube connected to the syringe to extract the sealant remaining in the nozzle after discharging the sealant.

Abstract: A liquid adhesive dispensing system operable for more uniformly applying liquid adhesive foam onto moving substrates, notwithstanding changes in line speed, adhesive liquid flow rates, or foaming/atomizing air pressures. The illustrated liquid adhesive system includes a header having a plurality of air atomizing spray guns; the spray guns each having a respective variable speed positive displacement pump for directing a metered quantity of liquid adhesive from a liquid adhesive supply to the respective spray gun; and a control for controlling the operating speed of the positive displacement pumps in relation to the speed of the moving substrate and the foaming/atomizing air pressure to the spray guns in relation to the operating speed of the positive displacement pumps. The control further is operable for monitoring pressures across the positive displacement pumps for insuring the accurate direction of metered quantities of liquid to the spray guns.

Abstract: An electroless metal deposition process to make a semiconductor device uses a plating bath solution having a reducing agent. A sample of the bath solution is taken and the pH of the sample is increased. The hydrogen evolved from the sample is measured. The hydrogen evolved is used to determine the concentration of the reducing agent present in the sample. Based on the determined reducing agent concentration, the plating bath solution is modified.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming a film of solution of carbon nanotubes includes a retaining member, an array of spray nozzles, and a supply tube. The spray nozzles are mounted on the retaining member. The spray nozzles being in communication with the supply tube. The apparatus can deposit a film of solution of carbon nanotubes having high thickness uniformity.

Abstract: A process system includes a plurality of processing modules each processing a substrate with a process liquid. There is disposed a dispensing mechanism that dispenses the process liquid to the vertically arranged modules. The dispensing mechanism is provided with a process liquid supply source, and pumps corresponding to the respective processing modules. Each pump temporarily stores therein the process liquid which has been pressure-fed through a riser piping from the process liquid supply source by a pressing apparatus, and delivers the process liquid from an outlet. There are disposed nozzles each having a discharge port and discharging the process liquid to the corresponding processing module. Delivery pipings connecting the outlets of the pumps with the discharge ports of the corresponding nozzles have identical length to each other.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for manufacturing a bonded substrate that suppresses a defect in the bonded substrate. When the pressure in a vacuum chamber is at the atmospheric level, upper and lower chuck units respectively attract substrates through vacuum. When the vacuum chamber is depressurized, each chuck unit electrostatically attracts the associated substrate. During the depressurization of the vacuum chamber, the pressure for attracting each substrate to the associated chuck unit is controlled to be equal to the pressure in the vacuum chamber. This prevents each substrate from falling from or moving relative to the associated chuck unit. The first and second substrates are thus bonded together and accurately aligned.

Abstract: The invention relates generally to the conditioning of bowling lanes, and, more particularly to an apparatus and method for automatically applying a predetermined pattern of dressing fluid along the transverse and longitudinal dimensions of a bowling lane.