Abstract: A pet toilet 10 having a toilet box 13, a drainboard 14 partitioning the toilet box into an upper compartment and a lower compartment, an excreta treating material 15 laid in the upper compartment, and an urine absorbent member 11 laid in the lower compartment. The drainboard is an integral structure formed of a plurality of longitudinally extending ribs 17 spaced parallel with each other and a plurality of transversely extending ribs 18a and 18b intersecting the longitudinally extending ribs 17 and spaced parallel with each other to have drain holes 12. Each drain hole 12 has a longitudinal dimension S2 at least twice its transverse dimension S1. The transversely extending ribs include ribs 18a with a smaller height H1 from the drainboard surface 14a downward and ribs 18b with a larger height H2 from the drainboard surface 14a downward, the ribs 18a and the ribs 18b alternating with each other.

Abstract: An method and apparatus for receiving and mixing a portion of animal waste material and sand includes a receptacle capable of allowing an animal to enter therein and receiving a portion of animal waste material; and a vibrating motor communicating with the receptacle for causing the animal waste material to move in a predetermined path. A removable trap for receiving and retaining at least a portion of the animal waste material may be located in the predetermined path. A catcher may be applied to communicate with the sand and animal waste material for receiving and retaining at least a portion of the animal waste material while the vibrating motor is operating.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for separating animal waste from litter are provided. In one form, the apparatus includes a drum that contains litter and a helical rake that is rotatable in the drum. The rake can rotate relative to the drum to reduce power requirements for the rotary rake drive. Preferably, the drum is also rotatable by turning of the rake in the drum, but only for a limited, fixed angular distance which also reduces peak power requirements for the rotary drive motor for the rake.

Abstract: The present invention provides a thermoformed litter scoop comprising a generally concave scoop portion, and a handle portion attached to the scoop portion. The scoop portion has a bottom, sides and a rear and a plurality of openings therein. The openings are defined to allow the passage of litter granules therethrough. The handle portion has reinforcing ribs and the scoop portion has reinforcing ribs. The invention also describes a method of making a thermoformed scoop.

Abstract: An excreta treating material 4 of the invention contains a ground material of plant origin and an inorganic powder and self-disintegrates upon water absorption. A pet toilet 1 of the invention includes a toilet box partitioned with a drainboard into upper and lower compartments. An excreta treating material 4 containing a ground material of plant origin and an inorganic powder and capable of self-disintegrating on water absorption is put in the upper compartment, and the lower compartment has a tray 5. The inorganic powder is preferably zeolite. The particles of the ground material of plant origin in the excreta treating material 4 are preferably bound together only by a pressing force.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for separating animal waste from litter are provided. In one form, the apparatus includes a drum that contains litter and a helical rake that is rotatable in the drum. The rake can rotate relative to the drum to reduce power requirements for the rotary rake drive. Preferably, the drum is also rotatable by turning of the rake in the drum, but only for a limited, fixed angular distance which also reduces peak power requirements for the rotary drive motor for the rake.

Abstract: A cat litter box apparatus for accommodating a plurality of cats, the apparatus controlling odors by providing a lid and two doors which return to a closed position automatically. The apparatus further provides either manual screening of litter via the sieved half-round ended scoop, or semi automatic litter screening via temporary placement of the scoop within either end of the box. The box is selectively tilted and supported in a chosen tilted position. The box further comprises wheels and an omnidirectional caster.

Abstract: Apparatus for receiving and disposing of animal wastes and particularly the bodily wastes of cats, include an upper chamber adapted to sift and separate. An internal sifting screen is mounted to sift there from the accumulated refuse. In another form, the screen is configured to be tilted to pass the litter through the centrally placed screen assembly for the separating of the preferably nonabsorbent litter bed for further use. The apparatus has an external container in which kitty litter will be separated and collected separate from the solid waste, and a removable internal container for the collection of solid waste. Once the solid material is separated from the kitty litter, and drops into the storage container, the cat owner can dispose of the cat waste when desired.

Abstract: An animal litter box includes an evacuation container and a hood, the hood having a fixed hood, a movable hood, and a pair of connecting portions. The movable hood is configured to be moved rotatably either outside or inside the fixed hood such that an end edge of the movable hood is proximal to the fixed hood while maintaining a prescribed distance at least one of the fixed hood 31 and the movable hood is provided with a convex restricting portion which prevents a distance between an end edge on at least the one end of the movable hood 32 and the fixed hood 31 from being less than the prescribed distance.

Abstract: An apparatus for use with cleaning litter from a cat's litter box. The apparatus comprises a base member having a predetermined shape and formed of a predetermined material and a second member engageable with the base member. The second member has a plurality of chamfered apertures disposed in a bottom portion of the second member.

Abstract: A self-cleaning pet litter box assembly for separation and removal of clumped material from clean litter material includes an open-top pet litter container for holding litter and being mounted for rotation on a substantially horizontal plane, a conveyor having an axis and an exit end, being positioned to extend into the container to contact litter within the container and rotating about the axis so as to separate clumped material from clean litter material and direct the separated-out clumped material away toward the exit end, and a drive mechanism operatively connected to at least one of the container and the conveyor to rotate the container.

Abstract: A pet litter box includes a litter container for storing liquid-passing litter and a liquid-absorbing sheet tray for holding a liquid-absorbing sheet. The front-back direction of the liquid-absorbing sheet can be changed without removing the liquid-absorbing sheet from the tray. The pet litter box includes a litter box main body having an opening from which pets enter. The litter box main body includes a litter container for storing liquid-passing litter formed of plural of granular materials provided therein, a liquid-absorbing sheet placed below the litter container for absorbing the liquid passing through the litter, and a liquid-absorbing sheet tray for holding the liquid-absorbing sheet. The liquid absorbing sheet tray can be withdrawn and removed from the front of the litter box main body and reversible in the front-back direction.

Abstract: A collapsible animal litter pan has polymeric surfaces that are immune to urine soaking. A plurality of hinges collapse and expand the litter pan. The litter pan has sidewalls that locate, receive and stabilize a urine absorption sheet. The urine absorption sheet has a liquid impervious bottom layer, a urine absorption layer composed of cotton, cellulose fluff pulp, commuted pulp, soft wood fine chips, or hydrophilic paper and combinations thereof, together with superabsorbent polymers and a top, liquid permeable, layer. The top and bottom layers are bonded to constrain the urine absorbent layer. An adhesive coating is applied to the bottom layer of the urine absorption sheet for temporarily adhering the sheet to the foldable litter pan for enhanced stability of the urine absorption sheet. Animal urine is substantially completely absorbed by the urine absorbent sheet, and the soiled sheet replaced with a fresh sheet without soiling the litter pan.

Abstract: The outdoor pet litter box provides a tray adapted for outdoor usage that defines an open area therein for receiving soil and live grass. The tray, soil and live grass may be used for the collection of excretory waste produced by a pet animal. The tray includes a base plate and at least one sidewall extending around the base plate. At least one post is mounted on the base plate adjacent the sidewall and extends upwardly therefrom to support a roof. The roof at least partially covers the open area and, preferably, is a gabled roof having a rear roof portion and a front roof portion, with the front roof portion being pivotally mounted to the rear roof portion, allowing for adjustable shade over the tray.

Abstract: Each pet litter tray of the nested disposable pet litter trays includes a rear portion and a front portion. The front portion includes a pair of front sidewalls, with each of the front walls having a plurality of slits formed therethrough. Following a pet's deposit of excretory waste in pet litter contained in the topmost tray, the user may grip front gripping edges of the front sidewalls and squeeze them together to form a funnel- or spout-shaped dry pet litter dispenser, the user angling the tray so that the pet litter and the excretory waste enter the dry pet litter dispenser, with dry, reusable pet litter falling through the plurality of slits into the next lower tray in the nested stack for reuse, with wet pet litter and the excretory waste being trapped within the front portion for transport and disposal.

Abstract: An improved sanitary facility for pets for the collecting, removing and disposing of small animal excrement without the attendant mess and odor heretofore experienced, uses a rotatable chamber which contains pet litter, sand or other suitable material. A first opening is provided for animal ingress and egress, and a second opening for expulsion of separated waste. Filter means, disposed circumferentially within the chamber, selectively separate solid excrement and agglomerated matter from unsoiled litter as the chamber is rotated. The separated waste is urged, by the action of gravity on the inclined filter means, toward a sealable second opening in the chamber. The separated matter is expelled from the chamber through the second opening and deposited in an attached receptacle. The media's weight prevents rotation of the chamber during use by the animal. Means are also provided for automatically sealing the second opening to prevent odor from escaping the chamber.

Abstract: A pet litter containment and cleaning system and methods of using a pet litter containment and cleaning system are described. The pet litter system comprises a pan module and removably attached processor module. Soiled pet litter is conveniently processed by rotating a system of the invention, screening and separating soiled litter from clean litter. Pet waste and soiled litter are collected in bags which may be discarded when full. Systems of the invention may be used with both absorbent and nonabsorbent litters. Systems of the invention minimize human contact with soiled pet litter and pet waste and simplify the care of domestic pets.

Abstract: A self-cleaning pet litter box has a conveyor to incrementally transport clumped litter material and solid pet waste to a waste receptacle. The conveyor has one end configured to extend into a pet litter container of the self-cleaning litter box and an opposite exit end. The conveyor is configured for reciprocating movement to lift the clumped litter material and solid pet waste from below, transport it some distance along the conveyor, place the material down again, return to its original position, and repeat the motion again to incrementally move the material along the conveyor toward the exit end for subsequent disposal.

Abstract: A pet litter box includes an elongated housing having a first end wall and a second end wall. The housing further includes a sidewall extending between the first end wall and the second end wall. The litter box also includes a base supporting the housing for rotation about a longitudinal axis. The first end wall of the housing includes a first end wall aperture shaped and dimensioned for the passage of a pet therethrough, the first end wall aperture being offset from a central longitudinal axis of the housing. The housing further includes a grate and a dividing panel respectively extending between the first end wall and the second end wall of the housing. The grate includes a first edge which remains in contact with an interior surface of the sidewall to define a grate/sidewall junction and the dividing panel similarly includes a first edge which remains in contact with the interior surface of the housing to define a panel/sidewall junction.

Abstract: An apparatus for a self-cleaning litter box having a control system for a mechanical self-cleaning mechanism. The litter box has a turret carrying a rake. Limit switches indicate the location of the rake and the turret. The box includes an animal sensor that detects the presence of an animal in the box. A specified time after the animal leaves the box, the turret sweeps the rake through the litter, picks up the collected waste, and carries it to a waste bin, where the waste is dumped. The litter box is controlled by a processor executing a software program that monitors the instruments and sensors and controls the turret and rake motors.

Abstract: An apparatus for a self-cleaning litter box having a control system for a mechanical self-cleaning mechanism. The litter box has a turret carrying a rake. The box includes an animal sensor that detects the presence of an animal in the box. A specified time after the animal leaves the box, the turret sweeps the rake through the litter, picks up the collected waste, and carries it to a waste bin, where the waste is dumped. The litter box is controlled by a processor executing a software program that monitors the instruments and sensors and controls the turret and rake motors. The software, in various embodiments, controls the rake motor and turret motor to execute a scoop sequence, a startup sequence, and a go home sequence.

Abstract: A waste disposal system includes a receptacle with a base adapted to receive a waste tray assembly on a top panel thereof. The top panel includes an inlet drain opening. A discharge drain is provided in the receptacle base. The waste tray assembly can include natural or artificial turf, and is removable from the top panel. A cover can be mounted on the receptacle base and can be movable between open and closed positions. Alternatively, a lid can be provided for removably mounting on the receptacle base.

Abstract: A toilet device for use by dogs and cats. The device includes a grid, at least one tray and an upright structure. In addition other elements of the device can include a: picker for lifting the grid, cuts or grooves, side closures, slots and reinforcements.

Abstract: A rake shield apparatus used for preventing urination onto the tines of a rake and the rake itself of an automated litter box comprising: a shield, and at least one cord; the distal end of the cord is affixed to the tine of a rake and the other distal end of the cord is affixed with the shield.

Abstract: A litter sifter and method for using. A litter sifter includes a lower portion having through-holes. An upper portion is connected to the lower portion. Handles are connected to the upper portion. The litter sifter having a flange. A distance between any two through-holes is equal to a distance between any other two through-holes.

Abstract: An improved automated litter box system which provides increased storage capacity of a waste receptacle which receives animal waste and clumped litter. The increased capacity of the waste receptacle is achieved by elevating the automated litter box system with an elevating apparatus so that a replacement waste receptacle of larger volume can replace the waste receptacle of the litter box system. The invention provides improved automated litter box systems which incorporate such a large volume waste receptacle as a component thereof. The elevating apparatus includes an elevated platform on which the lifter box system is placed. A ramp is provided to provide animal access to the system placed on the elevated platform.

Abstract: A cat litter box with a pivotable container housed on a frame, the tray floor of which forms a collection tray for cat litter and the like. A cleaning mechanism is arranged standing in the container and reaching to the floor of the tray, with which cleaning mechanism, when the container is pivoted in one direction to clean it, waste matter, particularly feces, can be separated from the cat litter. The container possesses a storage chamber for the separated waste matter which can be moved with the container, which chamber is formed by a bag, the entrance of which chamber is arranged above the cleaning mechanism in the position of use.

Abstract: A cat litter box includes a first litter box half with a first recess and a first lip. The litter box includes a second litter box half with a second recess and a second lip which engages with the first litter box half to create an enclosure. The first recess and the second recess align to form an entrance to the enclosure through the which the cat can enter or exit the enclosure. Each recess sloped to act as a pour spout. Each half has a sliding gate that moves up and down over the recess. The gate in a down and stored position while in use for the cat and in an up position for sifting the litter. A method for cleaning a cat litter box.

Abstract: A self-cleaning litter apparatus that separates and extracts clumped litter waste material from litter material contained therein during use includes a chamber adapted to contain a quantity of litter material. The chamber is rotatable about a centrally disposed axis. A rake is disposed within the chamber. The rake is rotatable about an axis which is spaced apart from the chamber axis. A drive assembly is provided for simultaneously rotating the chamber about the chamber axis and for rotating the rake about the rake axis. The rake sweeps through the litter material while clumped litter waste material is directed toward the rake by rotation of the chamber to thereby separate clumped litter waste material from the litter material in the chamber, collect the separated clumped litter material in the rake and extract the separated clumped litter material from the chamber.

Abstract: An animal toilet is provided that can be cleaned easily, particularly an animal toilet that allows liquid such as urine evacuated therein to move to a liquid-absorbing sheet efficiently. The animal toilet includes a dripping container having an opening for an animal entering and exiting, and a liquid penetrating bottom part on which liquid is dispersed; and a liquid-absorbing sheet holder placed under the bottom part of the dripping container on which a liquid-absorbing sheet is placed, in which the bottom part of the dripping container has a liquid leading part formed by connected arches on a side facing the liquid-absorbing sheet.

Abstract: A circular litter box having a scoop removal remounted in a scoop holder which is pushed around the sidewall of the box to scoop the box. The mounting mechanism for the scoop causes the scoop to assume a relatively vertical position during scooping, to minimize formation of a wave of litter in front of the scoop as it is rotated, but causes the scoop to assume a more horizontal position as the scoop is removed, so the collected waste will not spill from the scoop during removal.

Abstract: A litter sifter, litter sifter system and method for using. A litter sifter includes a lower portion having a through-holes. An upper portion is connected to the lower portion. Handles are connected to the upper portion. A distance between any two through-holes is equal to a distance between any other two through-holes.

Abstract: A litter-free pet waste collection system providing a sanitary, easy to clean and aesthetically pleasing unit for receiving household pet waste without utilizing granular or pelleted litter, comprising a base, a diverting tray having a sloped bottom surface and an aperture therein for draining liquid waste, a perimeter wall section for containing waste, a support tray and grill lined with a permeable, non-absorbent material for supporting the animal in the unit while allowing liquid waste to flow through to the diverting tray, and a removable covered liquid waste receptacle housed in the base and aligned under the diverting tray aperture whereby liquid waste is easily disposed of and odor is effectively contained.

Abstract: A portable apparatus for collecting pet feces includes a basin having oppositely spaced edge portions, a planar bottom surface and a pair of oppositely disposed flange portions protruding outwardly. A housing is mounted on top of the basin and includes integral and opaque sidewalls protruding upwardly from the basin. One sidewall has a passageway formed therein. The housing further includes a grass-like top layer positionable on a mesh-like bottom layer. The apparatus further includes wire handles having lower end portions positionable below the top layer and engageable therewith and top end portions protruding upwardly from the sidewalls. The sidewalls allow a user to maintain a substantially stable grip of the top layer when removing the solid feces during non-operating conditions. The handle lower end portions have generally L-shapes for traversing upwardly and rearwardly through the bottom layer.

Abstract: A rake for a cat litter box for collecting clumped litter waste material from within the cat litter box includes a support member. A plurality of tines are connected to the support member. Each of the plurality of tines includes a first section connected to and extending from the support member. Each of the plurality of tines further includes a second section extending generally perpendicularly to the first section. The second section of the tines receives the clumped litter waste material in a receiving area. At least one of the plurality of tines second sections includes an upwardly curved portion, curved toward the support member for defining multiple regions of the tines within the receiving area, such that the clumped litter waste material is contained in the multiple regions when collected from the cat litter box.

Abstract: A small animal litter box which comprises an upper tray with a perforated bottom wall for carrying litter material, and a lower tray for receiving urine and particles dropping from the first tray through the perforated bottom wall thereof. The first tray contains litter material in the form of pellets that are disintegrated into smaller particles when the pellets absorb urine, and the perforated bottom wall has holes dimensioned such that smaller particles from disintegrated pellets pass through the holes while intact pellets are prevented from passing through the holes.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a litter box and a method for dealing with cat litter. The litter box comprises a first litter box half with a first recess and a second litter box half with a second recess. The second litter box half engages with the first litter box half to form an enclosure such that the first recess aligns with the second recess to form an entrance to the enclosure through which an animal can enter the enclosure. Additionally, the litter box comprises a screen which fits into either the first litter box half or the second litter box half. The screen has panels so the screen can be lifted from either the first litter box half or the second litter box half.

Abstract: A self-cleaning litter apparatus (30) comprises a base (31); a turntable (32), rotatably mounted within the base; a pan (33), for holding a quantity of animal litter, the pan being rotatably driven with the turntable; a rake assembly (36), providing a rake movable through the animal litter; a waste receptacle (37) for receipt of animal waste deposited in the litter, the receptacle providing a door (155) selectively moving to open and close the receptacle relative to movement of the rake assembly; a sensing mechanism (120) comprising a plurality of weight sensors (66), and an electrically activated track assembly (121) for determining the presence of an animal in the pan; a drive mechanism (170) for rotating the turntable, driving the rake assembly and operating movement of the door and, a controller (259) having a timer, and selectively providing power to the sensing mechanism.

Abstract: A cat litter device includes a drum rotatable about an axis for containing litter with the drum having a front and a backend. A cat opening is disposed in the front end and a waste exit is disposed in the backend, which is coaxial with the rotation axis. A filter is fixed for rotation within the drum between the front and back ends for sifting feces and agglomerated filter from the litter. The filter conforms to a drum interior to prevent breakup of fragile agglomerates. An exterior waste tube is in communication with the filter and the waste exit for receiving feces and agglomerated litter from the filter and transferring the feces and agglomerated litter to the waste exit. An exterior waste tube is coupled to the waste exit for enabling rotation of the drum thereabout and a collection bag is removably connected to the exterior waste tube for receiving and disposing of the feces and agglomerated litter.

Abstract: An animal litter box is to be provided that can be cleaned easily and can reduce the number of time to change an animal litter, particularly an animal litter box that allows liquid such as urine evacuated onto the granular materials to move to a liquid-absorbing sheet efficiently. An animal litter box includes a granular material container having an opening for an animal going in and out, and a liquid penetrating bottom part on which granular materials are dispersed; and a liquid-absorbing sheet holder placed under the bottom part of the granular material container on which a liquid-absorbing sheet is placed, wherein the bottom part of the granular material container has a liquid leading part formed by connected arches on a side facing the liquid-absorbing sheet.

Abstract: A cat litter scoop holder that includes scoop retaining walls that define a pocket for receiving a cat litter scoop. The holder includes a base upon which it sets upright. Its sides can be open to promote airflow. The pocket includes a drain. The base preferably is hollow such that it forms a chamber with the floor to help retain drainage. The holder preferably includes flanges disposed on each side of the scoop to help keep it in the pocket and constrain lateral scoop movement. One wall preferably is inclined such that it forms an acute included angle with the other wall such that a pocket of vee-shaped cross section having its apex adjacent the base is formed. This pocket construction helps keep the scoop upright. The holder can include a hinged lid that can function as a retaining wall.

Abstract: A self-cleaning litter box having a base, a litter pan, an upper hood and a lower hood. A rake is used to sweep litter clumps disposed in the litter pan and into a waste box. The rake is inserted and removed without the use of tools in order to clean or replace the rake. Liners inside the litter pan and waste box allow for easy cleaning. In addition, the liners are used to protect against pitting and other potential damage. Sensors detect the presence of a cat inside the litter pan. Upon exit, an actuator receives an output signal for actuating the drive assembly. After a predetermined time delay after receipt of the output signal, the raking cycle commences. The actuator includes a switch to allow the pet owner to vary the length of the pre-determined time delay.

Abstract: A litter box for cats or other domestic animals, which comprises three pans insertable into each other to form a stack. The position of the pans is interchangeable and each pan has openings in its inferior part for filtration of an absorbing material used to solidify and absorb the organic wastes. The openings of each pan are located at positions different from the openings of the other pans in such a manner that the openings of each pair of adjacent pans be vertically out of line. One advantage of this litter box is that it is not necessary to use a shovel to pick up and dispose of the organic wastes.

Abstract: A circular litter box having a scoop removal remounted in a scoop holder which is pushed around the sidewall of the box to scoop the box. The mounting mechanism for the scoop causes the scoop to assume a relatively vertical position during scooping, to minimize formation of a wave of litter in front of the scoop as it is rotated, but causes the scoop to assume a more horizontal position as the scoop is removed, so the collected waste will not spill from the scoop during removal.

Abstract: A pet litter apparatus has an upper screen to retain litter and debris, a plurality of upper bars, a lower plurality of bars, mechanism for lowering the lower plurality of bars to define spaces for passage of particulate matter between the upper and lower bars, by rotating rods on sprockets to lower the second plurality of bars.

Abstract: A hood for a litter box for collecting cat excretions, the litter box includes a litter pan having an open top, a bottom wall, a rear wall, a front wall and a pair of sidewalls. A waste box is disposed adjacent the litter pan for storing cat excretions. The hood is disposed adjacent the litter pan to cover the litter pan open top. The hood includes a portion operable between first and second positions, such that in the first position, the portion overhangs the waste box to direct odors from the waste box into the hood, and in the second position, the portion allows access to the waste box without removing said hood.

Abstract: A rake for a litter box for collecting pet excrements, the litter box containing a bottom surface, a front wall, a rear wall, a first and second sidewall to define a litter chamber for holding a supply of litter, the rake includes a bar having first and second ends and extends from the first sidewall to the second sidewall and is movable between the front and rear walls. The bar includes a plurality of tines. A rake support is attached to the bar for supporting the first and second ends of the bar for slideable movement between the front and rear walls. A rake arm is connected to the first and second ends of the bar for slideably engaging the rake supports, such that said bar is selectively connectable to the rake supports without using fasteners.

Abstract: A waste box for use with a litter box, the waste box is used for collecting litter clumps removed from the litter box and for collecting litter particulate scattered onto the waste box after a cat exists the litter box. The waste box includes a bottom wall, a pair of sidewalls, a pair of end walls and a pivotable top forming a waste storage area. The top is movable between closed and opened positions. The waste box pivotable top includes an opening to direct the scattered litter particulate present on the waste box pivotable top into the waste storage area as the waste box pivotable top moves to the open position.

Abstract: An method and apparatus for receiving and mixing a portion of animal waste material and sand includes a receptacle capable of allowing an animal to enter therein and receiving a portion of animal waste material; and a vibrating motor communicating with the receptacle for causing the animal waste material to move in a predetermined path. A removable trap for receiving and retaining at least a portion of the animal waste material may be located in the predetermined path. A catcher may be applied to communicate with the sand and animal waste material for receiving and retaining at least a portion of the animal waste material while the vibrating motor is operating.

Abstract: A base 12 supports small disposable containers 18 in an array. Each container holds a portion of litter 20. Containers are preferably transparent or translucent. In preferred embodiments a hinged grille 14 assists in the locating of containers within the base and serves to conceal the upper rims of the containers. A containment rim 16 is optionally provided for better keeping litter within the box. Container may be reused, or sealed with a snap-on lid 26 and disposed of without cleaning. Veterinary urine samples can be collected at home without stress to the cats. Amount of urine can also be determined even when litter has absorbed it completely by weighing the individual used container before and after soiling.