Abstract: In a device for the treatment of synthesis gas produced by coal gasification, a vertically extending shell is connected to a coal gasification reactor so that the interior of the shell is in direct communication with the interior of the reactor. The interior surface of the shell is lined with upwardly extending heat exchange tubes. Additional heat exchange tubes in combination with the tubes lining the shell form a plurality of upwardly extending chambers projecting radially inwardly from and spaced angularly apart about the tube lining. Tubes coextensive with the heat exchanger tubes forming the lining, are located within the chamber for conveying a cleaning fluid. The tubes are arranged to direct the cleaning fluid approximately tangentially of the heat exchanger tubes lining the shell for cleaning the exterior surfaces of such tubes.

Abstract: Exchanger which incorporates a casing in which the heat carried by a primary fluid is transferred to a secondary fluid so as to heat the latter, the secondary fluid circulating in the tubes, whose opposite ends issue into tubular supply and discharge mains located externally of the exchanger casing and surrounding the latter at least partly, wherein each of the tubes comprises two access devices each sealed by a removable plug, while each of the access devices is located in a part of the tube positioned between the exchanger casing and the corresponding main.The present exchanger is intended more particularly for the transfer of heat between two circuits of a nuclear power station.

Abstract: A U-tube type heat exchanger is provided with means for uniformly distributing shell side fluid across the lateral expanse of the tube bundle. The distributor means includes first and second upstanding plates between which are connected several ribs.

Abstract: Apparatus for purification of synthesis gas produced by coal gasification is provided with a vertical gas distribution chamber which is internally pressurized and within which the synthesis gas leaving the reactor is cooled. The chamber is formed with a gas take-off line which opens into the gas distribution chamber and extends therefrom at an angle, the gas take-off line leading to a serially connected waste heat boiler. A coolant bath is contained in a lower portion of the gas distribution chamber and a heat exchanger is formed in this lower portion by tube coils which are arranged in the wall of the distribution chamber defining the lower portion.

Abstract: A rotary steam boiler comprises a rotatable member mounted in a housing including heating means. The rotatable member comprises a shaft with a plurality of axially extending ducts arranged about the shaft and a plurality of pipes each having opposite ends connected to one of said ducts and having a spiral configuration, the pipes extending radially about the shaft. Inlet and outlet heads are positioned at opposite ends of the ducts, respectively, and are arranged to communicate with the ducts during rotation of the shaft whereby steam may be continuously directed through the ducts and pipes to heat the steam as the shaft rotates. A preheater and a superheater increase the efficiency of the rotary steam boiler. The rotary steam boiler may be adapted for use with nuclear power stations.

Abstract: The heat exchanger comprises a vertical outer cylindrical shell of substantial length, a distributor for supplying the internal space of the shell with liquid sodium, at least one tube bundle placed within the shell for circulating water in heat-exchange relation with the sodium and means for maintaining an inert gas atmosphere above a predetermined free level of liquid sodium. The top and bottom tube ends are fitted with thermal sleeves for joining them to the lateral wall of the shell and passing them through this latter. The distributor is placed within the shell above the tube bundle between the top end of said bundle and the free level of liquid sodium.

Abstract: Removal of concentrated suspended particulate material from the recirculating carry-over water in a nuclear steam generator is provided by establishing a mud drum or reservoir of relatively quiescent water, permitting the concentrated solids contained therein to settle out prior to returning the water for mixing with the feedwater. Baffles in the mud drum intercept the entering carry-over water in a manner such that only a small portion of it is exchanged by the newly entering water so that, for the most part, there is sufficient residence time in a relatively quiescent environment to settle out the solids.

Abstract: A vapor generator is described wherein cross-over loops joining two different tube bundles are positioned in a stagnant area out of the flow of the heating fluid, thus reducing the tube metal temperatures in a highly stressed area. Tube anchor devices are provided to reduce expansion movement and stresses while permitting some relative movement and providing support during seismic disturbances.

Abstract: This invention relates to a group of modular heat exchangers of the type having a steam chamber, a feedwater chamber, and a feedwater tube passing through the steam chamber to establish fluid communication with the feed chamber.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for cooling process gases which are under high pressure and temperature. The withdrawn heat is used for high pressure steam generation in accordance with the natural circulation principle. The heat exchanger comprises U tubes suspendedly inserted in a plate or tube sheet. Two chambers are provided above the plate, are separated from one another, and are intended for the coolant-steam circulation. A housing surrounds the U tube bundle and is connected to and below the chambers. The housing has at least one process gas inlet and at least one process gas outlet. One arm of each U tube is constructed as a double tube. The inner tube has the function of a gravity tube, and the remaining annular conduit, as well as the remainder of each U tube, have the function of risers.

Abstract: A U-tube heat exchanger for the heat transfer from a primary gas circuit to a secondary gas circuit in a high temperature reactor. At the high temperatures of approximately 950.degree. C., the additionally permissible stresses on the used materials are low. The cold gas collector is therefore flexibly attached at the housing. The arrangement permits complete and also remote-controlled testing from the secondary gas-side of all parts of the primary gas circuit which are stressed by pressure. The flexible elements are neither stressed by the weight of the heat exchanger nor endangered by high temperatures.

Abstract: In a heat exchanger such as a steam generator for a nuclear reactor, two or more bundles of helically coiled tubes are arranged in series with the tubes in each bundle integrally continuing through the tube bundles arranged in series therewith. Pitch values for the tubing in any pair of tube bundles, taken transverse to the path of the reactor coolant flow about the tubes, are selected as a ratio of two unequal integers to permit efficient operation of each tube bundle while maintaining the various tube bundles of the heat exchanger within a compact envelope. Preferably, the helix angle and tube pitch parallel to the path of coolant flow are constant for all tubes in a single bundle so that the tubes are of approximately the same length within each bundle.

Abstract: A water heating system includes a solar collector panel, a hot water heater tank, a serpentine tube-in-sheet heat exchanger jacket built into the water tank assembly, pumping means, fluid transfer means and means for securing the heat exchanger jacket around the hot water heater. The solar collector panel has a first passageway which lies beneath the outer surface of the panel such that incident solar energy is used to elevate the temperature of an energy-absorbing fluid which is circulating through this first passageway. The heat exchanger jacket is constructed with second and third passageways which are positioned in a double serpentine coil arrangement. The energy-absorbing fluid from the collector panel flows through connecting conduits to and from the second passageway. Water within the hot water heater is coupled to the third passageway and, as it circulates through the third passageway, this water is elevated in temperature by means of conduction from the energy-absorbing fluid.

Abstract: A water heater comprises an elongated vessel having a heat exchanger that occupies a substantial portion at one end and leaves a minimum volume storage and blending zone at the other end of the vessel. Water is recirculated through the heat exchanger, preferably continuously, through a recirculation conduit that takes water through its inlet essentially solely from the outlet end of the heat exchange zone and returns it to the inlet end, the intake of the recirculation conduit being located at the lower end of the volume storage and immediately above an apertured partition extending across the interior of the vessel immediately above the heat exchanger. The temperature sensor of the control thermostat is received within a tunnel secured to the partition. The tunnel has two side outlet openings away from the aperture so that the thermostat is always subject to the hottest water just above the heat exchanger for fast and accurate control of the heating fluid on failure of the circulating pump.

Abstract: A heat exchanger having a shell lined with a plurality of heat transfer tubes, heat exchange surface disposed within the shell and submerged in a first heat transfer fluid, and a tube manifold penetrating through the shell and directing a second heat transfer fluid to and from the heat exchange surface. The tube manifold has an elongated L-shaped outer enclosure which has one leg disposed within the shell and the other leg penetrating through the shell, and an elongated L-shaped inner tube which passes through the outer enclosure. A first fluid flow path through the tube manifold is established through the inner tube and a second fluid flow path through the tube manifold is established between the inner tube and the outer enclosure.

Abstract: A method of operating a vapor generating system, including a once-through vapor generator, wherein wet vapor is generated in the upper portion of the load range and superheated vapor is generated in the lower portion of the load range is disclosed. Generated vapor is passed through an external and remote moisture separator. Superheated vapor is desuperheated by liquid injection as it passes from the vapor generator to the moisture separator.

Abstract: A nuclear steam generator has a blowdown pump arranged to pump water from the blowdown lines through a filter for return to the steam generator. The piping is arranged so that the same pump may operate to reverse the direction of pumping through the blowdown line, whereby reverse circulation may be established during wet lay up of the steam generator. A blower is arranged to withdraw nitrogen from an upper elevation in the steam generator and injected into the blowdown line in combination with the pumped reverse circulation during wet lay up.

Abstract: A heat exchanging apparatus for reducing the temperature of a heating fluid prior to thermal communication with a heated fluid. The apparatus includes an integral pre-cooling heat exchanger located within a main heat exchanger. The pre-cooling heat exchanger brings the heating fluid into thermal communication with the heating fluid circulating in the main heat exchanger so that the heated fluid is prevented from departing from nucleate boiling in the main heat exchanger.

Abstract: A heat-exchanging system having an upright water tube in a water tank with an open upper end and connected at each end to a surrounding tube of larger diameter which forms a spaced jacket therearound and a centrally arranged tube connected at its lower end to the discharge of a compressor of a refrigerating system and extending upwardly within the water tube and connected at its upper end with the space between the water tube and its surrounding tube. The latter has an outlet connected to the return inlet of the condenser and hence the compressor of the refrigerating system. The water tank has a hot water outlet at its upper end connected with the supply inlet of a conventional hot water heater, and a cold water outlet adjacent its lower end, the latter being connected to the inlet of the water tube and to a source of pressurized cold water.

Abstract: A heat exchanger device for use with a solar energy system comprising at least one pair of substantially parallel enlarged heat exchange inlet conduits operatively coupled together within a fluid storage tank to receive heated fluid from an external source to heat fluid within the storage tank and a reduced outlet conduit coupled to the lower portion of the substantially parallel enlarged heat exchange inlet conduits to remove the fluid from the fluid storage tank.

Abstract: The steam generator shell contains a bundle of straight tubes, the upper portion of which constitutes the superheat zone. A cylindrical jacket surrounds the upper portion of the shell and defines an annular reheat space containing helical tubes connected to a bottom steam inlet header and to a top outlet header. The reheat space communicates with the interior of the shell through a lower set of windows and through an upper set of windows provided with a cylindrical valve for regulating the rate of flow.

Abstract: Each heat-exchange bank consists of at least two groups of flat, adjacent compartments provided for the circulation of a second fluid and separated by spaces for the circulation of a first fluid. Each compartment has lateral extensions placed in identical and opposite manner in two adjacent groups. The extensions are connected respectively in each group to a common admission manifold and to a common discharge manifold for the second fluid.

Abstract: A method of automatically realigning a steam generator secondary piping system, such as the feedwater system, in the event of a pipe break to a given steam generator in a system having plural steam generators sharing, in part, a common secondary piping system. A feedwater line break is identified by monitoring the respective generators' steam exit line pressures and comparing the several pressures to a first predetermined setpoint. If any one of the several monitored pressures falls below the first setpoint the main steam line isolation valves are automatically closed and the respective generator pressures are again monitored and compared to a second predetermined setpoint. The feedwater line to the generator then exhibiting a drop in pressure below the second setpoint is isolated and the remaining generator main steam line isolation valves may be opened to return the functional intact generators to the system.

Abstract: A heat exchange apparatus for transferring heat from a reactor gas coolant to a secondary fluid medium. The heat exchange apparatus comprises an elongated vertically extending hole in a concrete shield. Supported within the hole in spaced relation to the wall thereof is an elongated vertical extending tubular shroud which shroud has a gas entry at its lower end and a gas exit at its upper end. Means are provided for dividing the annular space between the shroud 16 and the wall of the hole into an upper and a lower region. Disposed in the shield is an inlet for reactor coolant which communicates with the lower region and is positioned vertically so as to be spaced above the gas entry to the shroud to thereby suppress natural convection during non-operating standby conditions of the apparatus. An outlet for reactor coolant, which is disposed in the shield, communicates with the upper region.

Abstract: An efficient, compact boiler system providing both heating water for heating an enclosed space, such as a home, and domestic hot water for washing and similar purposes, has a limited fluid capacity primary heating coil within a combustion chamber. The coil supplies heated water to a larger capacity storage boiler located directly below the primary boiler and connected to it by header pipes which themselves form a manifold into which the primary coil is connected. The storage boiler distributes the heated water through the heating system. An elongated secondary heating coil within the boiler heats the domestic hot water supply by heat transfer from the boiler water. The return header pipe discharges heated water directly into the interior loop of the secondary coil to quickly heat the domestic hot water when the burner is "on".

Abstract: A heat exchanger apparatus is disclosed comprising a heat exchanger casing having a plurality of box members suspended within the casing, with each box member having a plurality of tubular members disposed within an arrangement which permits the exchange of heat from a hot gas stream flowing outside the tubular members to a cooler gas stream flowing counter-currently within the tubular members. The heat exchanger apparatus is adapted especially for the use in high temperature nuclear reactors and is disposed within a pod in the reactor pressure vessel communicating directly with the reactor core. The suspension of the primary heat exchange components enables the achievement of excellent exchange capability with minimum stress on the exchanger apparatus as a result of thermal expansion. A method of exchanging heat from a primary cooling circuit of a high temperature reactor to an intermediate gas circuit of a heat process plant is also disclosed.

Abstract: Improved means for substantially eliminating condensate subcooling in single-stage moisture separator reheaters is provided by recirculating large quantities of scavenging steam through the reheater tube bundle. Heating steam for the tubeside (within the tubes of the tube bundle) of the reheater is extracted from the main steam supply upstream of the high-pressure turbine. This main steam is throttled before entering the tube bundle at part load conditions to reduce the temperature differential with respect to the high-pressure turbine exhaust steam which is to be reheated on the shellside. The tubes of the tube bundle are differentially orificed at their inlet to provide sufficient steam to each tube based on complete condensation at tube exit. At throttled, part load conditions, considerable excess scavenging steam is required to correct for the inefficiencies of the fixed orifices at these off-design conditions.

Abstract: An apparatus for reheating stack gases leaving a plurality of scrubbers which uses water within an associated steam generator as the heating source. A heat exchanger receives heat from the boiler water transferring it to a low pressure fluid which is circulated through heat exchange surfaces downstream of each of the scrubbers. The flow of the high pressure boiler water is controlled in response to a temperature of the low pressure fluid thereby providing a means for minimizing the flow and return temperature of the high pressure water. The high pressure water is taken from a circulating pump discharge and returned to the circulating pump suction.

Abstract: The steam generator is provided with a vertical cylindrical enclosure having a bundle of U-shaped tubes therein connected to inlet and outlet collectors through a tube plate at the bottom. An inner casing surrounding the tubes defines an annular chamber which communicates with the tube chamber adjacent the tube plate. A heater is provided about the outlet portion of the tubes within the tube chamber. An ejector pump supplying a secondary fluid is located in the annular chamber adjacent the heater for pumping secondary fluid through the heater. A portion of the heated secondary fluid is recirculated through the pump and the remainder is directed into the tube chamber. Vapor phase separators are provided on top of the inner casing to allow the passage of the vapor phase through an outlet in the enclosure while returning the liquid phase to the annular chamber.

Abstract: A bundle of J-shaped tubes uniformly spaced in radial planes about the axis of a cylindrical shell is provided for the circulation of a primary fluid between on the one hand an inlet header delimited by a central tube plate and by the top dished end of the shell and on the other hand a toric outlet header which is partly delimited by the peripheral tube plate and the shell wall and is located above an annular space between the shell wall and a coaxial inner skirt. At least one nozzle for the supply of secondary fluid in the liquid state opens into the annular space and a lateral chamber is formed within the shell between the primary fluid inlet and outlet headers for collecting the secondary-fluid steam produced in contact with the tubes.

Abstract: Steam generator for nuclear power plants including a cylindrical housing, a tube bundle for conducting primary medium enclosed by the housing, at least one tube support plate holding the tube bundle, the cylindrical housing including a base member secured to the tube support plate and defining therewith inlet and outlet chambers for the primary medium, the cylindrical housing having a pair of opposing flanges on portions of the cylindrical housing located on opposite sides of the tube support plate, and flange connection means for tightly connecting the portions of the cylindrical housing on opposite sides of the tube support plate, the flange connection means being releasable for assembling and disassembling the tube bundle and including a stud bolt connection, the flanges having opposing sealing surfaces, a lip seal disposed between the sealing surfaces and having radially outwardly protruding lips tightly welded to one another, the lips having a radially inner region secured by respective circular bead wel

Abstract: A generator for the production of both superheated steam and saturated steam has an outer casing formed by an inner cylindrical shell engaged within an outer cylindrical shell, the shells being closed by dished ends. An annular header for the admission of pressurized primary water is formed between an upper annular tube plate and a partition-wall while an outlet header for the discharge of primary water is formed by a central tube plate mounted within the inner shell. A bundle of parallel tubes for the circulation of primary water extends vertically upward from the central tube plate. The end portion of each tube has the shape of a crook in order to join the tubes to the annular tube plate in uniformly spaced relation. The secondary water is admitted into the casing by means of ducts formed in the inner shell near the central tube plate. The steam generated is discharged through ducts formed in the outer shell.

Abstract: The two heating surfaces of the exchanger are both provided within a jacket. The first heating surface is formed, in part, by blind tubes which project into the casing through which the primary gas flows. The second heating surface is disposed in the space between the feed pipe and the jacket and receives the flow of primary gas after the primary gas has passed over the blind tubes. The secondary gas passes into the interior of the blind tubes while a working medium flows through the second heat exchanger in heat exchange relation with the primary gas. Some of the returning cooled primary gas can be tapped off and supplied as a coolant through the tube plate in which the blind tubes are mounted.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for exchanging heat with liquid material and particularly liquid material under superatmospheric pressure. A preferred embodiment of the apparatus comprises a pressure vessel for holding a body of the liquid material, and having an inlet and an outlet for the liquid material. Inside the vessel is an integral tube assembly for conducting heat exchange fluid into, through and out of a body of the liquid material in the vessel. The tube assembly comprises a heat exchange fluid feed header, a heat exchange fluid discharge header, and a plurality of heat transfer tubes from the feed header to the discharge header. In a preferred embodiment of the apparatus, the headers are coaxially aligned with a normally vertical axis, and are vertically spaced apart. The headers are joined to conduits passing through the top and bottom of the vessel. These conduits in combination with the vessel support the tube assembly.

Abstract: A pipe assembly-heat exchanger-steam drum unit, which comprises a pipe assembly heat exchanger for a heat exchange between media of relatively high pressure differentials and a steam drum with a liquid chamber and a steam chamber while the medium passing through the pipes of the pipe assembly-heat exchanger has a high entering temperature, and a pipe bottom located on the inflow side of the hot medium is thin. In the pipe assembly heat exchanger there is furthermore provided a device for relieving the thin pipe bottom. In the pipe assembly-heat exchanger there is also provided a device which is so designed that the cold medium entering the pipe assembly-heat exchanger is conveyed to the thin pipe bottom. The pipes of the pipe assembly-heat exchanger are as an assembly of pipes transversely and centrally passed through the steam drum while the pipe assembly-heat exchanger and the steam drum form a unit with each other.

Abstract: Modular bundles of U-shaped tubes having primary fluid conduits with compression seals which cooperate with a pair of transversely disposed parallel support plates to allow removal and replacement of the modular tube bundles to facilitate maintenance and extend steam generator life in pressurized water reactors.

Abstract: An illustrative embodiment of the invention has a group of three concentrically disposed banks of helical steam generator tubes. Shrouds interposed between each of these three tube banks establish liquid barriers between the individual banks that prevent liquid sodium (or other shell side working fluid) from enjoying free communication throughout all of the tube banks. In this way, potentially damaging leakage between the shell side working fluid and the water within one of the tube banks can be isolated through discontinuation of the shell side working fluid and feedwater flow to the leaking bank, thereby permitting the remaining sound tube banks to continue functioning.

Abstract: A spray generator for an absorption refrigeration system that includes a heat exchanger comprised of a multiplicity of variably spaced heat exchange tubes. The tubes are spaced close together near the top of the heat exchanger and spaced more widely apart near the bottom of the heat exchanger. Dilute absorbent solution is sprayed down through the heat exchanger. The close nesting of the tubes in the top portion of the heat exchanger retards liquid flow and aids heating of the solution. The wide spacing of the tubes in the lower section of the heat exchanger facilitate vapor flow out of the heat exchanger and eliminates liquid "blow-off". The top tubes are covered by a baffle to prevent the liquid solution from splashing out of the heat exchanger off of these top tubes.

Abstract: Steam generator for pressurized-water nuclear reactors having a steam jacket wherein a multiplicity of rectilinear tubes traversed by primary water is secured between two horizontally disposed tube support plates, and at least one connecting tube for supplying the primary water is secured to the steam jacket through a compensator for length equalization, includes a water chamber respectively disposed within the steam jacket and adjoining each of the tube support plates, and a guide jacket for circulating feed-water supplied into the steam jacket, the guide jacket being mounted within the steam jacket and having a lower portion extending into a space located between the steam jacket and the lower tube support plate.

Abstract: The heat exchanger which acts as a recuperator is constructed of a plurality of identical sub-assemblies which can be manufactured and tested in a plant and shipped as individual units to a construction site. Each sub-assembly includes a plurality of straight tubes which interconnect with spherical shells at each end and which serve to carry a flowable medium. Each sub-assembly also includes a guide tube about the straight tubes which is open at both ends to convey a flowable medium over the straight tubes but which has an outer flange which cooperates with similar flanges on the other sub-assemblies to block any flow of this medium over the outside surfaces of the guide tube from one end to the other.

Abstract: A tube heat exchanger having a substantially cylindrical housing, a pair of adjacent cylindrical headers disposed in the housing, and a multiplicity of downwardly extending U-shaped heat exchanger tubes connecting the headers to one another, one of the headers being an inlet header and the other thereof being an outlet header, both of the headers being connectible to pressurized water lines of a pressurized water nuclear reactor, includes a feedwater supply connected to the housing below the outlet header for supplying a quantity of feedwater into the housing up to a given level partly filling the housing during operation of the heat exchanger, the heat exchanger tubes extending upwardly from the outlet header above the given feedwater level and being formed with a U-shaped bend located above the given level.

Abstract: The feedwater heater of this invention comprises a plurality of heating tubes arranged in U form, with feedwater being passed therethrough, a feedwater inlet chamber having a feedwater inlet for introducing feedwater thereinto and a tube plate assembling the ends of said heating tubes and also having formed therein a feedwater reservoir, a feedwater outlet chamber having a feedwater outlet for discharging the heated feedwater and a tube plate assembling the other ends of said heating tubes and also having formed therein a feedwater reservoir, a first cylindrical body or shell having disposed therein a tube nest consisting of the U-formed heating tube portions positioned on one side as well as support plates holding said heating tubes in position, said cylindrical body having its one end communicated with said feedwater outlet chamber and also provided with a hot steam inlet for introducing hot steam that serves as the feedwater heating source, a second cylndrical body or shell having disposed therein a tube n

Abstract: A method of flow stabilizing for maintaining parallel channel flow through a multiple tube vaporizer wherein different mass flow rates may occur in the flow of the liquid to be vaporized through the different tubes. The stabilizer includes a plurality of inlet tubes in thermally isolated relationship to the vaporizer and having inner ends extending into the entrance end portions of the vaporizer heat exchanger tubes so as to discharge the incoming liquid to be vaporized inwardly of the entrance end of the exchanger tubes. A flow passage is provided for conducting vaporized liquids from the supply chamber into the heat exchanger tube entrance end portions to prevent choking of the system.

Abstract: A vapor generating unit having a U-shaped tube bundle is provided with an orificed downcomer shroud and a fluid flow distribution plate between the lower hot and cold leg regions to promote fluid entrained sediment deposition in proximity to an apertured blowdown pipe.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved system of providing power having a unique generating means of the nuclear reactor variety adapted with a plurality of steam generators in the form of replaceable modular units of the expendable type for the attainment of the optimum in effective and efficient vaporization of fluid during the process of generating power.

Abstract: In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, an array of apertured flat plates support the tubes in a heat exchanger. Each aperture has at least three bights that provide individual fluid passageways when the associated tube is lodged in place. At least three inwardly protruding members that separate the bights restrain tube movement. Each of these members define arcs of a circle that has a diameter which is only slightly larger than the outside diameter of the respective tube. During heat exchanger assembly, this slightly larger diameter of the circle defined by the inwardly protruding members accommodates departures in the tubing from a perfectly straight condition. In operation, the individual tubes will tend to lay against one or two of the members in each aperture in almost line contact to prevent "crevice corrosion.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for use in nuclear reactors includes a heat exchange tube bundle formed from similar modules each having a hexagonal shroud containing a large number of thermally conductive tubes which are connected with inlet and outlet headers at opposite ends of each module, the respective headers being adapted for interconnection with suitable inlet and outlet manifold means. In order to adapt the heat exchanger for operation in a high temperature and high pressure environment and to provide access to all tube ports at opposite ends of the tube bundle, a spherical tube sheet is arranged in sealed relation across the chamber with an elongated duct extending outwardly therefrom to provide manifold means for interconnection with the opposite end of the tube bundle.

Abstract: A vapor-type heat exchanger is disclosed in which cooling fluid conduit means are located within shell means and vapor inlet means and condensate outlet means are provided in the shell means to provide for the ingress and egress of a fluid to be cooled. By locating the vapor inlet means below the cooling fluid conduit means and the condensate outlet means above the same, it is ensured that the cooling fluid conduit means will be submersed in liquid.

Abstract: The level of primary fluid is controlled to change the effective heat transfer area of a heat exchanger utilized in a liquid metal nuclear power plant to eliminate the need for liquid metal control valves to regulate the flow of primary fluid and the temperature of the effluent secondary fluid.

Abstract: A heat exchanger has at least two cylindrical shells defining annular chambers lying one within the other. One of the annular chambers receives a tube bundle consisting of straight tubes while the other annular chamber receives a tube bundle of coiled tubes. The heat exchanger is particularly suitable for the heating of feed water (traversing the tubes) with steam (traversing the annular chambers) in a power plant in which the heat exchanger is disposed directly beneath the turbine on the turbine mount.