Abstract: A manipulator head (15) equipped with a nozzle (15a), a tool or a probe is connected to a first flexible tube (16) which is wound on a drum (18) which is mounted at a first service opening (13). The head (15) is inserted through the first service opening (13) into a tube lane or a tube column of the tube bundle of a heat exchanger and drawn out of a second service opening (14). There the head (15) is connected to the free end of a second flexible tube (17) which is wound onto a second drum (19) at the second service opening (14). By activating one of the two drums, the head (15) is moved through the heat exchanger along the tube lane and/or the tube column. If the head (15) is equipped with a nozzle (15a), the nozzle is supplied through a line with cleaning fluid under pressure, at least through the first flexible tube (16) and the respective drum (18).

Abstract: An improved two-dimensional shuttle rotary cleaning device includes a frame with which is connected a bracket adapted for pivotal movement between first and second positions normal and parallel to the frame, respectively. A cleaning assembly is slidably connected with the bracket for cleaning the exterior surfaces of pendant tubes of a boiler. The cleaning assembly includes a tubular lance and a rotary union connecting the lance with the bracket and rotating the lance about its axis. An air cylinder is connected with the cleaning assembly for reciprocating the assembly relative to the bracket along the axis of the lance. Pressurized cleaning fluid is supplied to the lance via the rotary union. The fluid exits the lance via the plurality of radial openings, whereby the cleaning fluid is directed under pressure against the surfaces of the pendant tubes to remove slag and other built up materials therefrom.

Abstract: An improved water heater or boiler having a water heater tank, a combustion chamber and a burner wherein a selected insulating material separates the combustion chamber and the tubesheet of the water heater tank to maintain the temperature of the tubesheet below the ductile to brittle transition temperature.

Abstract: A method for loosening and removing sludge and debris from the vessel of a heat exchanger, such as the secondary side of a nuclear steam generator, is disclosed herein. The method generally comprises the steps of providing a sufficient volume of a liquid, such as water, into the steam generator so that the lower portion which includes the tubesheet is submerged, and then generating a succession of pressure pulses within the water from one or more pressure pulse generators wherein each pressure pulse creates shock waves that exert momentary forces throughout the submerged portion of the generator of a magnitude sufficient to loosen the sludge and debris, but safely below the yield and fatigue limits of the heat exchanger tubes and other components within the generator. The pressure pulses commence as soon as a sufficient amount of water is introduced into the steam generator to submerge the tubesheet, and continue all the way through the draining of the steam generator.

Abstract: A waste heat boiler for cooling partial oxidation crude gas comprises a pressure container, a crude gas-clean gas heat exchanger in the container, a tubular body formed as a tubular basket and arranged in the pressure container, the crude gas-clean gas heat exchanger being arranged inside the tubular basket, and heating surfaces associated with the crude gas-clean gas heat exchanger.

Abstract: An improved cleaning system for a horizontal type tube assembly which can achieve cleaning of the outer surfaces of the tubes in the tube assembly automatically by remote control without necessitating human labor of workers who are compelled to work in a narrow limited space, is disclosed.

Abstract: A water cannon, having an air gun disposed within its breach, for explosively discharging a quantity of water from the muzzle, which may include a constricted directional nozzle, to dislodge sludge from the tube sheet of a heat exchanger, and a method of cleaning the tube sheet of a heat exchanger are disclosed.

Abstract: A scale agitator for tank type liquid heaters employs a flexible non-cathodic tube through which liquid can flow. The liquid can be obtained from the tank or the supply of makeup liquid to be heated can be used. The tube may be fastened to a clean-out cover mounted to the exterior of the tank so that the tube can be inserted into and removed from the tank through the opening behind the clean-out cover.

Abstract: The arrangement for cleaning a steam generator fitted with a bundle of pipes (9) comprises a plurality, for example three spray-lances (1-3) with spray-heads (6), which lie in a vertical plane in working position and are bent over 90.degree. adjacent the outflow openings from the spray-heads (6). There is further provided a carriage fitted with a spray-head rotatable about the lengthwise axis thereof, which is connected to a hose for feeding pressurized water.

Abstract: Sludge-removing fluid lances are moved simultaneously toward the center of a tube bundle in a steam generator through diametrically opposite lance ports. Fluid-blocking suction dams are placed in the peripheral lane of the steam generator at diametrically opposite inspection ports from which fluid-entrained sludge is removed. All four of the ports are spaced apart by 90.degree.. Fluid-entrained sludge is blocked on the opposite sides of both suction dams, thereby preventing redeposition of sludge in previously cleaned areas of the tube sheet of the generator. The fluid flow rates of the lances are controlled to be equal to each other, and the rate of removal of the fluid-entrained sludge through each suction dam is controlled to be the same as the fluid flow rate of each lance. A separate flushing stream in the peripheral lane is not required.

Abstract: A cleaning device for heat exchangers having tube bundles includes a lance with nozzles to be introduced through an opening in a heat exchanger into a tube bundle in the heat exchanger. A hollow cylinder guides the lance. A flange connected to the hollow cylinder fastens the hollow cylinder at the opening of the heat exchanger. The lance is incrementally advanced. A pivot device for moving the lance includes a motor disposed on the hollow cylinder, a pendulum gear connected to the motor, and a carrier engaging the pendulum gear. The carrier has wheels guided in longitudinal grooves formed in the lance.

Abstract: A tube assembly for superheater unit of a steam generating system comprising a bank of superheater tubes rigidly secured together and a screen tube adapted to be connected to a source of coolant disposed adjacent the length of and attached to an end tube of the bank of superheater tubes.

Abstract: A system (10) for lancing sludge deposits (12) from within a bundle (14) of vertically extending steam generator tubes (16) of a PWR steam generator secondary side assembly (18) has a flexible lance (28) mounted in a lance guide/housing transporter (30). The transporter (30) is movable along blowdown (20) to position end (32) of the flexible lance opposite one of the inter-tube lanes (26) so that the flexible lance (28) may be inserted along the selected inter-tube lane (26). A rigid lance guide (34) on the transporter (30) has a curved end (36) configured to turn the flexible lance (28) at a chosen angle, such as 90.degree., so that the flexible lance (28) will be fed into the selected inter-tube lane (26). The transporter has a drive (37) for advancing the flexible lance (28) through end (36) of the lance guide (34) and into the inter-tube lane (26).

Abstract: A soot blower lance for power generation boilers and the like, particularly for high temperature operation, in locations exposed to radiant heat. The lance is of multi-section tubular construction, with high temperature alloys used in the sections exposed to maximum temperatures. The lance is provided with a thin outer coating of ceramic, such as fused silica and zirconia. Significantly extended operating life is realized, along with significant energy savings from reduced usage of cleaning fluids for cooling purposes.

Abstract: A long retracting sootblower for boiler cleaning of the type having a lance tube which is advanced into and out of a boiler and simultaneously rotated, and having one or more nozzles discharging a jet of blowing medium which trace helical paths. An indexing mechanism is provided to change the positioning of the helical paths traced by the nozzles between successive actuation cycles to minimize boiler erosion and mechanical stress caused by repeated blowing medium impact against surfaces within the boiler. the indexing mechanism includes relatively slidable longitudinal advancement rack sections which cause the engaging pinion gears to index by one or more teeth upon each actuation cycle. A movable rack portion is biased by a compliant element to remain in a normal position until initial advancement of the lance carriage which causes the movable portion to be indexed with respect to the fixed portion of the rack.

Abstract: A water cannon, having an air gun disposed within its breach, for explosively discharging a quantity of water from the muzzle, which may include a constricted directional nozzle, to dislodge sludge from the tube sheet of a heat exchanger, and a method of cleaning the tube sheet of a heat exchanger are disclosed.

Abstract: Through two accesses lying substantially opposite one another, above the bottom of the steam generator, a high-pressure lance carrying at its end a spray head, is brought between bundle portions of a U-shaped pipe bundle. The two lances are simultaneously intermittently shifted and between the shiftings, when the spray heads may spray between the rows of the pipe bundle, the heads are swung to-and-fro over 180.degree.. At least during said swinging, liquid is sprayed through said heads under a pressure higher than 170 bars and with a total flow rate for the two spray heads of more than 150 liters per minute. The used liquid is sucked away from the bottom with a total sucking capacity which is markedly higher than said flow rate.

Abstract: Each heat-exchanger surface is comprised of parallel coolant-carrying tubes and at least one soot-blowing tube which can be supplied with a soot-blowing medium and which has at least one nozzle for the egress of the soot-blowing medium. A protective tube connected to the heat-exchanger surface is disposed before and parallel to the soot-blowing tube on the heat-receiving side of the wall and is flowed through by the same coolant as flows through the heat-exchanger surface. The nozzle extend between the protective tube and the wall. The soot-blowing tube has satisfactory heating protection and the coolant in the protective tube has the same exit temperature as the other tubes of the heat-exchanger heating surface.

Abstract: The spaces into which the vessel is divided by means of horizontal perforated partions are successively cleaned from top to bottom. Firstly the uppermost space is cleaned: the cover of the access to the space is removed, through the access a high-pressure lance is equipped with a spray head comprising a body rotatable about the lance axis and spray arms rotatably mounted on said body and liquid is sprayed with a pressure lying between 35 and 50 MPa. Then the middle space is cleaned: the cover of the access to the space is removed, through the access a high-pressure lance is equipped with a fixed spray head provided with spray openings directed in various directions and liquid is sprayed with a pressure lying between 50 to 70 MPa. Finally the lowermost space is cleaned in the same way as the uppermost space. The cleaning liquid is discharged through the outlet in the vessel bottom.

Abstract: Device for sealing retractable soot-blower lances at the point of insertion through the wall of a heat exchanger. A labyrinth box consists of lamellas. The lamellas narrowly surround the soot-blower lances and are secured at the outer edge in a wall box. The wall box is tightly sealed to the wall of the heat exchanger and has an air-barrier connection. The object is to allow one wall box to accommodate several soot-blower lances, even when they have different outside diameters. Several soot-blower lances accordingly extend through the wall box and several lamellas radially surround the soot-blower lances alternately either narrowly or loosely.

Abstract: The invention is a method for controlling sootblowing in a power boiler or chemical recovery boiler. The method comprises assigning the sootblowers into a number of groups. Sootblowers within a group are generally adjacent to each other and cover heat transfer surfaces having similar fouling deposit formation characteristics. Each group will typically have up to 4 sootblowers. Every sootblower is assigned a weight factor which is the percentage of the total number of sootblowing cycles that the sootblower will be operative. Every sootblowing cycle in the boiler begins with the most upstream sootblower group and proceeds progressively through all of the other groups in the direction of the flow of combustion gases until the most downstream sootblower group is reached. By blowing in this manner the dislodged fouling deposits from the upstream heat transfer surfaces are swept in the direction of combustion gases.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for removing from the tube sheet and transfer tubes of a nuclear steam generator sludge deposits which occur from the use of all volatile treatment water chemistry. A continuously activated suction apparatus maintains at a low level the water/sludge inventory on the tube sheet. A high pressure first water lance is oscillated and stepped inwardly along the central tube lane of the generator to dislodge the sludge from the tube plate and heat exchange tubes. After this lance has been stepped inwardly to a predetermined position, a low pressure second water lance is activated and periodically advanced to a position just short of the first lance and functions both to dislodge sludge and to form a water barrier which prevents redeposition of sludge in the clean area.

Abstract: A sludge lance wand for cleaning once through steam generator tubes. A curved high pressure fluid feed tube has a plurality of feed tube extensions attached at one end and a first nozzle brace attached at the other end and in fluid communication with the feed tube. A second nozzle brace bolted to the first nozzle brace retains nozzle blocks in position between the two braces. The nozzle blocks are in fluid communication with the first nozzle brace and are provided with nozzle openings angled for cleaning the triangular-pitch positioned tubes in a once through steam generator. O-ring seals on each end of the nozzle blocks press fit against the braces to prevent leakage and insure that full fluid flow is directed through the nozzle openings.

Abstract: An improved rotary cleaning device for cleaning the inner surface of a cylindrical housing is disclosed, characterized by a unique mounting and fluid distribution shaft. A flixed support is axially arranged within the housing and the shaft is mounted on the support for longitudinal displacement along the housing axis. A swivel device is rotatably connected with the shaft and a pair of cleaning lances are connected with the swivel. High pressure cleaning fluid is delivered to the lances via the shaft and the swivel to abrasively clean the inner wall surface of the cylindrical housing. A drive mechanism is connected with the swivel to rotate the swivel and cleaning lances about the shaft. When the drive mechanism is operated to rotate the swivel and when the shaft is axially displaced along the support, the cleaning lances traverse both orbital and linear paths to direct the cleaning fluid against th entire interior surface area of the cylindrical wall of the housing.

Abstract: A sludge lancing method comprises providing a lancing nozzle and a barrier nozzle for respectively emitting cleaning and barrier streams of fluid along two channels between columns of heat exchange tubes in a nuclear steam generator vessel, the two channels being spaced apart by at least two columns of tubes. The barrier stream prevents dislodged sludge from being moved laterally past it into previously cleaned areas. The streams may be rotated between the center and the periphery of the tube sheet. The barrier nozzle comprises three jets angularly disposed with respect to one another for increased coverage of the barrier channel.

Abstract: There is disclosed a boiler system in which ash-bearing fuels are fired in horizontal suspension and in which provision is made for the removal of the ash without shutting down or reducing the output of the system. The system comprises an upper water and steam drum and at least one lower water drum. A furnace cavity is located substantially between the upper drum and the lower drum, with the cavity being defined by a pair of side walls, a front wall, a rear wall, a ceiling and a floor. Means in the form of openings in the floor of the furnace cavity are located near the rear wall of the furnace cavity for permitting ash to be removed from the boiler system without requiring the shutting down or the reduction of the output of the boiler system.

Abstract: The device comprises at least one assembly insertable in the enclosure through a hole situated in the vicinity of the tubular plate. Said assembly comprises a suction pipe having a curved part insertable in the casing through the hole and of a shape such that it terminates in the immediate vicinity of the plate, between the enclosure and the stack of tubes and a conduit placed inside the pipe, for connection to a cleaning liquid supply, ending in a nozzle for projecting water in a transverse direction to the pipe, along a grazing path with respect to the tubular plate and in the circumferential direction of the enclosure.

Abstract: An improved model steam generator for simulating the conditions within a nuclear steam generator in order to monitor the condition of the heat exchange tubes and tubesheet of the nuclear steam generator is disclosed herein. The improved model steam generator includes a highly effective separator assembly for separating water droplets entrained within the steam flowing out of the outlet of the secondary side of the generator formed from a plurality of separator grids, each of which includes an array of semi-cylindrical deflector members. The grids are vertically stacked with the deflector members transversely disposed to the flow of steam generated by the model steam generator. Each of the parallel arrays of deflector members in each grid is angularly disposed approximately 45.degree. to the deflector members in the grids above it and below in order to provide a tortuous path for the flow of steam ascending therethrough.

Abstract: A tube lane manipulator for the high-pressure blow-down of heat exchangers with tubes spaced apart by a given tube pitch includes a guide rail extended along the tube lane having a vertical leg with holes formed therein at mutual spacings substantially matched to the tube pitch; a stepping mechanism extended along and locked to the guide rail, the stepping mechanism including two stepping mechanism members, a device for executing steps of a length substantially matched to the tube pitch, clamping feet in the form of posts, and a device for extending the posts into the holes formed in the vertical leg for fixing the stepping mechanism members in a position provided by the steps; a spraying head carrier coupled to one of the stepping mechanism members, a spraying head holder, a device for telescopically extending and guiding the spraying head holder along the spraying head carrier in a direction perpendicular to the guide rail, and a spraying head with at least one spraying nozzle disposed on the spraying head

Abstract: Through two accesses lying substantially opposite one another, above the bottom of the steam generator, a high-pressure lance carrying at its end a spray head, is brought between the pipes of the pipe bundle. The two lances are simultaneously intermittently shifted inwards or outwards and between the shiftings, when the spray heads may spray between the rows of the pipe bundle, the lances are swung to-and-fro over 180.degree.. At least during said swinging, liquid is sprayed through said heads under a pressure higher than 200 bars and with a total flow rate for the two spray heads of more than 200 liters per minute. The used liquid is sucked away from the bottom with a total sucking capacity which is markedly higher than said flow rate.

Abstract: A soot blower for the removal of deposits collected on the surfaces of walls forming a chamber, through which gases containing solid particles flow, is integrated in one of the walls which form that chamber. The feeding pipes of the blower for feeding a blowing agent into the chamber are formed in the region of the line which defines the outer face of that wall.

Abstract: An externally controllable apparatus for cleaning the slag deposits from the inner surfaces of a cyclone burner includes a support structure having a carriage slidably mounted thereon. A fluid-conducting swivel is mounted on the carriage for providing a rotatable coupling to a pipe extending through the cyclone. The carriage is moved along the support by a suitable movement mechanism so that fluid lances movably mounted on the pipe are properly disposed at selectable longitudinal positions within the cyclone burner. The fluid lances are transversely movable so that they can be moved toward or away from the side wall of the cyclone burner. A plurality of pairs of nozzles are used for directing a spray of cleaning fluid toward respective portions of the cyclone.

Abstract: Convection cooler for cooling a gas produced under elevated pressure in a gasification reactor. The cooler has a pressure-tight jacket provided with a removable cover. Within the jacket there is an insert arranged spaced apart therefrom. The insert has tubes joined in gastight manner to each other by way of webs. Contact heating surfaces are arranged in the insert which is supported on the pressure jacket. The insert is closed at its upper end by way of a ceiling constructed of tubes. The contact heating surfaces are joined to support tubes. The upper ends of the contact heating surfaces and the support tubes are passed through the ceiling. The support tubes, the contact heating surfaces, and the ceiling are suspended from the cover independently of the insert. Wall soot blowers are arranged fixedly superimposed at several levels in the insert.

Abstract: A deposit measuring device, useful for improving combustion processes especially kraft mill recovery boilers, determines the temperature at the windward and leeward sides of a probe tube positioned in the flue gas stream transverse thereto and then determines the rate of build-up of deposits on at least the windward side and the temperature of the flue gas stream. This information is used by an operator or automatically to control boiler operations. The measuring device has a deposit removal means associated therewith periodically to remove deposits from the tube. The ability to control the boiler operation enables considerable economic benefits to be achieved.

Abstract: A soot blower for cleaning heating surfaces of a heat exchanger wherein a lance has jets at its front and is connected at its rear through a soot blower valve to a feed line for a blowing medium. The lance passes through a wall of the heat exchanger and is sealed by a wall casing where the lance passes into the heat exchanger. A connector is provided for a purging medium for the lance between the soot blower valve and the jets of the lance. There is also a connector for a sealing medium on the wall casing. A compressor generates and distributes purging medium and sealing medium for the soot blower connected to the respective connectors. A check valve between the soot blower valve and the purging medium connector prevents flow of blowing medium into the generating and distributing compressor.

Abstract: A sludge lance nozzle for removing sludge from between the tubes of a nuclear steam generator includes positioning apparatus mounted on top of the nozzle. The tubes are arranged in rows and columns with the axes of the tubes in each column lying in a common column plane. The nozzle is moved perpendicular to the column planes close to one of the rows of tubes. In one embodiment, the positioning apparatus comprises two transmitter/receivers for transmitting signals and receiving reflected signals along axes parallel to the column planes, the axes being spaced apart by odd multiples of one-half tube pitch. The received signals are subtracted to produce a position indicating signal. In another embodiment the positioning apparatus includes a transmitter and a receiver spaced apart in the direction of movement of the nozzle, the transmitter transmitting a signal in a first predetermined direction, and the receiver being responsive only to reflected signals received from a second predetermined direction.

Abstract: Tube lane manipulator for the high-pressure blowdown of heat exchangers having tubes being spaced apart by a given pitch forming tube lanes therebetween with tubes on opposite sides and having closeable servicing openings formed therein providing access to the tube lanes, including a car being insertible into the tube lanes through the servicing openings and being movable therein by remote control, a spraying head being supported on the car and having nozzles with orifices for spraying jets of blowdown water in a given direction into spaces between the tubes, suction lines having suction stubs for pumping off accumulated blowdown water, and extendible and retractible clamping feet disposed on the car for clamping the car to the tubes on at least one side of a tube lane along a clamping plane in conformity with the given tube pitch, the nozzles being positioned in spraying positions of a spraying position sequence by the clamping feet clamping the car, the given spraying direction from the orifices of the nozz

Abstract: The high-pressure lance is shiftably mounted in a bearing bush which is swingably mounted in a base which is to be secured over an opening in the wall of the steam generator. On the base are mounted a revolving cylinder which can swing the bearing bush to-and-fro over 180.degree. and a cylinder-piston unit which can shift the lance. A pneumatic control mechanism couples the lance either by means of clamping-cylinders to the bearing bush during its swinging or by means of another clamping cylinder to the piston of the cylinder-piston unit during its shifting.

Abstract: A self-cleaning liner for high pressure boilers. The self-cleaning liner comprising a tubular liner and a sprayhead assembly. To minimize thermal shock, the sprayhead assembly protrudes into a cavity created by the formation of a bump in the tubular liner, shielding the sprayhead assembly from high temperatures. The sprayhead assembly may also incorporate a thermal sleeve to decrease thermal shock caused by the temperature difference between the sprayhead assembly and the cleaning medium.

Abstract: A control system for controlling a cleaning apparatus used for cleaning a steam generator includes a valve manifold which is controlled by a control console to direct a pressurized fluid to either a jetting outlet or a flushing outlet of the cleaning apparatus associated with the steam generator. The control console also controls a motor controller which defines the incremental distance that the jetting outlet is moved within the steam generator to clean different portions of the steam generator. The motor controller is remotely controllable from a platform control device so that the position of the jetting outlet can be changed by a person located on or near the steam generator during initial alignment and limit switch positioning. The control console also controls an evacuation circuit which extracts the fluid pumped into the steam generator and the sludge or other substances loosened therefrom.

Abstract: A sludge lance nozzle for removing sludge from between the tubes of a nuclear steam generator includes positioning apparatus mounted on top of the nozzle. The positioning apparatus includes a cylindrical eddy-current sensor mounted inside a cup-shaped non-magnetic electrically insulating spacer, which is in turn mounted in a cup-shaped support member fixedly secured to the nozzle. The tubes are arranged in rows and columns with the axes of the tubes in each column lying in a common column plane. The nozzle is moved perpendicular to the column planes close to one of the rows of tubes. The sensor produces a maximum-amplitude output signal when the sensing axis is coplanar with the column plane of a tube in the closest row of tubes and a minimum-amplitude output signal when the sensing axis is midway between adjacent tubes in the closest row of tubes.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for deslagging boilers and the like while steaming, wherein a quenching-type stream of water is first applied to the outer surface of the hot slag to induce the formation of fissures by embrittlement and contraction of the slag and thereafter while the fissures are still present the fissured surface of the slag is impacted by a high velocity pulsed jet which drives water into the fissures, whereby dislodging of the slag is aided by the expansive force of water which vaporizes in the fissures. A generally conventional blower is illustrated, equipped with dual liquid supply and projecting means, and pulsing mechanism for interrupting the flow of blowing medium to one of the projecting means, to create the pulsed jet.

Abstract: A sootblower of the long retracting variety including a drive system which simultaneously rotates the lance tube as it is inserted and withdrawn from the boiler. A variable speed drive is employed to modulate the rotational speed of the lance tube in accordance with the projected distance of the lance tube such that the lance tube is driven faster at intermediate lance tube projected distances thereby optimizing the cycle time of the sootblower. The modulated rotational speed of the lance tube is maintained at all projected distances below the critical speed which varies as a function of projected distance and the sootblower type. By driving the lance tube at certain projected distances at a rotational speed above the critical speed for other projected distances, the translational speed is increased and cycle time reductions are realized as compared with the prior art wherein the lance tube is driven at a constant speed below the minimum critical speed.

Abstract: A soot blower system comprising a plurality of soot blowers (60) each of which is selectively operable to clean ash deposits (54) from the walls (12) of a furnace chamber (10) in direct response to the local heat transfer rate from the hot combustion products to the walls of the furnace sensed by one or more heat flux meters (62) mounted to the furnace wall in the general region surrounding each of the soot blowers.

Abstract: A tube lane manipulator assembly for the high-pressure blowdown of heat exchangers of steam generators includes a manipulator, at least one vehicle disposed on the manipulator having a lower base body with a substantially rectangular cross section, a spraying head with nozzles on the vehicle, the vehicle being insertible into tube lanes of the tubes of the generator through service openings and being movable in the tube lanes by remote control, the spraying head being movable into position for spraying jets into interspaces between the tubes, at least two clamping legs disposed in tandem in the feed direction on a side of the vehicle for clamping the vehicle to the tubes in conformity with a tube pitch in a clamping plane on at least one side of the tube lane for positioning the nozzles in spraying positions, the spraying direction of the nozzles and the distance thereof from the clamping plane being matched to the tube pitch for directing the spray jets into the interspaces, and at least one L-shaped guide r

Abstract: A composition including exfoliated vermiculite and ash produces a soft clinker deposit. In a method to remove ash deposits from furnace structures, vermiculite is added to the gases and ash produced during a combustion process and combines with the ash forming deposits. The vermiculite-ash deposit is softer than a pure ash deposit and can be removed by the application of jets of steam to the furnace structures. An apparatus, used to preheat and inject vermiculite into furnace structures, includes a housing having walls defining a passage. The housing has a distal portion for projecting into containment vessel holding combustion gases and a proximal portion for receiving hot gas under pressure. The passage within the proximal portion includes a narrow section, a tapered section and a wide section.

Abstract: A method for predicting the optimum cycle time to schedule sootblowing using on-line process measurements. The optimum cycle times dynamically adjust to changing conditions resulting from boiler operation, fuel changes, or seasonal changes. The optimum cycle time is calculated four times per second for each heat trap of a boiler (10). The optimum conditions are based on economic criteria which account for heat trap fouling, rate of fouling of other heat traps (12, 13, 14, 16, and 18) within the boiler, and on-line boiler incremental steam cost.

Abstract: Product gas produced in a gasifier is cooled in a waste heat system consisting of a radiation part and a convection part connected thereto. The radiation part and the convection part each contain a pressure vessel with an insert provided therein at a distance. These are constructed by pipes welded gas-tightly together. The inserts are arranged removably in the pressure vessel. A free stabilization space is provided within the insert of the radiation part in the region of the gas inlet. Platen heating surfaces are located in flow direction of the product gas. The radiation part is provided separate from the gasifier and is connected thereto by a pipe conduit.

Abstract: A method of optimizing the scheduling time between sootblowing operations in a boiler having a plurality of heat traps, comprises measuring the instantaneous efficiency for each heat trap of the boiler, using a filter constant and the amount of load under which the heat trap is placed to calculate an average slope for the loss of efficiency between sootblowing operations and calculating an optimum scheduling period between sootblowing operations as a function of a cost factor reflecting the cost of a sootblowing operation, the duration of the sootblowing operation and the slope.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for deslagging high temperature water walls of boilers while steaming, utilizing a jet of water applied in such manner as to develop sufficient mechanical energy to dislodge the slag without chilling the wall to a harmful degree.