Abstract: The invention relates to a combustion engine provided with an engine block having a plurality of cylinders received therein and auxiliary equipment connected to the engine, wherein the engine block has identical connecting parts at a number of different locations and the auxiliary devices are each arranged on such a connecting part. The positions of the auxiliary devices can thus be interchanged in simple manner subject to the desired configuration of the engine. The invention further relates to an engine block, a cover embodied as casting, a supercharging unit, a lubricant unit and an exhaust gases conduit system, each intended for use in such a combustion engine. Finally, the invention relates to a method for manufacturing a combustion engine, by manufacturing an engine block having identical connecting parts arranged thereon at a number of different positions, determining the use of the engine and, subject thereto, connecting the required auxiliary equipment to the connecting parts.

Abstract: An impact-resistant material protective cover is disclosed for covering a stacking-disk heat exchanger which in used in a motor vehicle as an oil/coolant cooler. The protective cover may be formed from two identical cover shells having innerengageable locking detent elements for connecting them together in position around the circumference of the cooler housing.

Abstract: A drive assembly for a motorcycle including an engine having an output shaft and a transmission having an input shaft parallel to the output shaft and coupled to the output shaft. The engine includes a crankcase having a first interface portion with a first non-horizontal mounting surface. The transmission includes a transmission case having a second interface portion with a second non-horizontal mounting surface arranged to engage the first non-horizontal mounting surface. The second interface portion of the transmission case includes at least one fluid passage for the flow of fluid to or from the engine.

Abstract: An oil pan for an internal combustion engine includes a body defining a reservoir for collecting engine coolant. The reservoir has a bottom and side walls extending upwardly from the bottom to present a flanged lip through which the oil pan may be mounted to the engine. An oil cooler assembly is housed within the body of the oil pan for cooling lubricant received from the engine. The body includes an oil inlet passage formed integrally therewith for receiving lubricant from the engine and delivering lubricant to the oil cooler. In addition, the body also includes an oil pick up passage formed integrally therewith for providing fluid communication between the reservoir and the engine through the flanged lip.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for liquid heat exchange media for alternate valve-controlled heating or cooling of one of the liquids, to achieve high-quality regulation of a valve device and small temperature differentials between the inlet and outlet of the heat exchange means that serves for heating and cooling. A temperature sensor is provided in the outlet of the heat exchanger for the first liquid or heat exchange means that serves for heating and cooling. The sensor controls and/or regulates separate valves located in a hot inlet and a cold inlet of the first liquid or of the first heat exchange means in the valve device.

Abstract: A method of improving the operating efficiency and reducing certain exhaust emissions in an internal combustion engine is disclosed. By continuously subjecting a portion of recycling engine lubricating oil to heat treatment in the range from 170.degree. C. to 260.degree. C. and preferably the range from 180.degree. C. to 240.degree. C. in a volatilization chamber or the like, an improvement in the fuel consumption as well as a reduction in the total hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide and particulates can be achieved.

Abstract: A four-cycle engine is provided which is suitable for use in a vehicle or an apparatus such as a small jet boat to be operated on the premise that it often overturns, and which is simple in structure. An oil pan 22 is disposed below the bottom of a crankcase 13, the spaces in the components are communicated with each other via a communicating hole 27 which is formed in the bottom of the crankcase 13, and a cylindrical peripheral wall 26 which is downwardly extending from the bottom of the crankcase 13 toward the oil pan 22 is formed around the communicating hole 27 and is spacially separated from the side wall of the oil pan 22 by a distance.

Abstract: An oil filter attaching structure for an engine has a stand hole communicated with a main oil gallery formed in a lower casing of an engine. The stand hole is formed therein with either one of two different length female threads, one length female thread part is for use without an oil cooler and the other length female thread part is for use with an oil cooler. A filter stand is formed having one end with a male thread part for use without an oil cooler, with a length which is longer than that of the one female thread part. The filter stand is formed with a male thread part on the other end for use with an oil cooler, having a length which is longer than that of the other female thread part. The filter stand has one end screwed into the stand hole. The other end of the filter stand has an oil filter attached. The same filter stand can be used on engines with or without an oil cooler. The filter structure allows visible confirmation of proper assembly.

Abstract: A fuel cooler and coolant filter assembly for the filtering of coolant and the cooling of a fuel flow for use in connection with a cylinder head of a vehicle engine includes three primary components which are assembled to one another in a stacked configuration and which in turn are assembled to the cylinder head. These three primary components include a fuel cooler core which is assembled directly to the cylinder head and which includes a fuel inlet, a fuel outlet, and a heat exchanger. The interior of the fuel cooler core is designed for the incoming fuel to flow and circulate across the exterior of the heat exchanger prior to exiting. The second primary component includes a filter head assembly with various inlets, outlets, and passageways. The filter head assembly is attached directly to the fuel cooler core so as to deliver coolant into the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A lubricant cooling system for cooling lubricant of a lubricating system for an outboard motor powered by an engine is disclosed. The motor has a cooling system which includes a pump for delivering coolant through one or more cooling jackets associated with the engine. The motor has a lubricating system comprising a pump for delivering lubricant from a supply to at least one part of the engine for lubricating the engine. The motor also includes a lubricant cooling system including a cooler through which lubricant flows and through which coolant from the cooling system selectively flows for cooling the lubricant. The lubricant cooling system includes a control for increasing a volume of coolant supplied to the lubricant cooler when a temperature of the lubricant increases and for decreasing a volume of coolant supplied to the lubricant cooler when said temperature of the lubricant decreases.

Abstract: Apparatus for conditioning liquid such as lubricating oil of an engine in respect of cleaning it and regulating its temperature has, integrated into a single housing which is coupled to the engine block with aligned passages, a full flow cleaning element, a bypass centrifugal cleaning element and a heat exchanger element, the latter being formed as part of single closure element for the housing and removable for access to the cleaning elements. The heat exchange element may be disposed elsewhere in the housing and share a chamber with the full flow heating element, possibly one surrounding the other. The heat exchange element may be part of heat exchange apparatus which responds to the temperature of the liquid to effect heating or cooling to maintain a demanded temperature.

Abstract: A vertical internal combustion engine in which lubricating oil can be cooled efficiently is provided. The engine includes a crankshaft directed in a vertical direction, a lubricating oil pump, an oil filter and a cooling water pump. A lubricating oil passage is arranged along a side wall of a main body of the engine and extends between the lubricating oil pump and the oil filter, a cooling water chamber is formed around the lubricating oil passage, and a branch water passage communicating with the cooling water chamber branches at a discharge side of the cooling water pump from a cooling water passage leading into the main body of the engine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an arrangement in an oil filter with integral oil cooler with a filter material (7) in the form of a tubular casing, which is enclosed in a housing (1). The latter is defined by a cylindrical wall (4) and two ends (5, 6), one (5) of which can be opened for changing the filter material (7). Two essentially concentric annular circulation chambers (8, 9) are arranged in front of the cylindrical wall. Of these the one that connects with the inside of the housing (12) is intended to accommodate the flow of oil and the other which has an inlet opening (10) and an outlet opening (11) is intended to accommodate the flow of coolant. The coolant circulation chamber (8), which is the outer of the two circulation chambers, is divided by a partition wall (25) into two essentially equal sub-chambers (8a, 8b) into each of which an opening (10, 11) respectively opens.

Abstract: A heat exchanger, especially an oil cooler for internal combustion engines. The heat exchanger consists of a plurality of mutally parallel tubes to convey the heat exchanging medium and blade-like heat exchange elements arranged perpendicularly to the tubes. The heat exchange elements are firmly secured to the tubes and also bent at the outer edges and are super imposed in the manner of scales. The medium to be cooled is fed via pipes arranged perpendicularly to the heat exchanging elements. The pipes open into a distributor plate having a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet. The inlet and/or outlet for the coolant is also fitted in the diameter of the distributor plate.

Abstract: In order to control the temperature of the transmission oil of a motor vehicle driven by a liquid-cooled engine, a coolant/transmission oil heat exchanger is provided. The coolant stream supplied to the heat exchanger is miscible in a thermostatic valve from recooled and non-recooled coolant in order to achieve a desired temperature. Preferably the thermostatic valve is controlled by the temperature of the transmission oil, but it is also possible to have two expanding material elements as control pistons of the thermostatic valve, with one control piston being provided in the oil chamber of the thermostatic valve and the other control piston being provided in the coolant mixing chamber of the thermostatic valve. It is also possible, for purposes of precontrol, to electrically heat at least one of the control pistons.

Abstract: An installation of a pressure control valve provided for cold start in disk-type oil coolers is disclosed. The valve is provided with a valve housing which can be fitted directly into a connection opening between an inlet chamber and a hollow space through which the oil flows. The valve housing is utilized to accommodate a pressure spring which is arranged coaxially and acts upon the valve shutter. The valve housing is provided in the area of the connection opening with at least one desired buckling point such that, when the end of the valve housing impacts on a resistance, the wall of the valve housing will permanently deform to the outside and secure the valve in the connection opening.

Abstract: A lubricating system for a four-cycle engine positioned within an engine compartment of a personal watercraft for powering a water propulsion unit thereof, is disclosed. The engine compartment, and engine therein, is accessible through a maintenance opening in deck of the watercraft. Preferably, the lubricating system includes an oil filter which is positioned at other than the bottom of the engine for access through the maintenance opening, such as at the front or rear end of the engine. In addition, the engine preferably includes an oil drain which is positioned below the oil filter for draining the oil from the engine.

Abstract: A cooling system is provided for an outboard motor or other marine propulsion system which causes cooling water to flow in intimate thermal communication with the oil pan of the engine by providing a controlled volume of cooling water at the downstream portion of the water path. As cooling water flows from the outlet of the internal combustion engine, it is caused to pass in thermal communication with the oil pan. Certain embodiments also provide a pressure activated valve which restricts the flow from the outlet of the internal combustion engine to the space near the oil pan. One embodiment of the cooling system also provides a dam within the space adjacent to the outer surface of the oil pan to divide that space into first and second portions. The dam further slows the flow of water as it passes in thermal communication with the oil pan.

Abstract: A dry sump oil cooling system for an internal combustion engine includes an oil pan reservoir, an oil return port, an oil pickup port, and a baffle. The oil pan reservoir has a first end, a second end, a length therebetween, a top and a bottom. Both the oil return port and the oil pickup port are defined at the first end of the reservoir. The oil return port is located adjacent the top of the reservoir while the oil pickup port is located adjacent the bottom of the reservoir. The baffle is coupled to the reservoir between the top and the bottom or free-standing within the reservoir to divide the reservoir into a top chamber and a bottom chamber. The baffle at least partially defines an oil passageway between the top chamber and the bottom chamber at the second end such that most of the oil flows substantially across the length of the oil pan reservoir twice before being returned to the engine by the oil pickup port.

Abstract: According to a first aspect of the invention, a cooling module comprises a cooling system which comprises a radiator. A fan for generating air flow across the radiator also has a fan housing attached to the radiator in which the fan is located so that the fan is disposed relative to the radiator such that the fan may generate air flow across the radiator. A mounting plate is also attached to the radiator and has a first side facing the radiator and a second side. The mounting plate has attachment sites on the second side integral therewith on which other parts of the cooling system are mountable and channels integral therewith through which a coolant flowing through the cooling system may pass.

Abstract: A device provided on a internal combustion piston engine for changing the rotational relations between at least one camshaft (5) and a crankshaft (6) includes a hydraulic cylinder (4). This hydraulic cylinder (4) is acted upon by a supply unit (7, 14) which displaces gas cushions in the hydraulic cylinder (4) when the internal combustion piston engine is at a standstill and replaces the gas cushions with hydraulic cylinder, especially motor oil.

Abstract: In heat transfer devices, which are constructed as plate oil coolers for motor vehicles, an adapter plate is provided in order to achieve a compact construction with a joint fastening and with feeding openings which are accessible only from one side. The adapter plate is configured such that at least two, but preferably four different plate coolers can be supplied with the same coolant flow. This results in a particularly simple and compact construction.

Abstract: An internal-combustion engine has an oil pump, preferably also the cooling water pump, assigned to an independent module which can be mounted separately.

Abstract: A system is set forth for cooling the circulating oil of an air cooled motorcycle engine having an oil pump and a mount for an oil filter, oil from the pump delivered to the filter and from the filter back to the engine for re-circulation. The system includes an oil cooler secured to the motorcycle, which may be a radiator cooler or the engine guard A diverter and an adapter assembly is disposed between the filter and mount and is adapted to direct oil to the cooler, through the cooler for cooling thereof, from the cooler back to the diverter for supply through the adapter assembly to the filter and return to the engine. The adapter assembly is disposed between the diverter and filter for certain model engines to turn the axis of the assembly so that the system can be provided for these engines.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method of cooling a piston by passing a stream of lubricating oil against the underside of the piston and more specifically by providing an enclosed reservoir space between the engine cylinder wall and the side wall of the piston formed by a depression in the piston and providing a passageway in the piston aimed to direct oil to a desired location on the undersurface of the piston.

Abstract: A four-cycle engine is provided which is suitable for use in a vehicle or an apparatus such as a small jet boat to be operated on the premise that it often overturns, and which is simple in structure. An oil pan 22 is disposed below the bottom of a crankcase 13, the spaces in the components are communicated with each other via a communicating hole 27 which is formed in the bottom of the crankcase 13, and a cylindrical peripheral wall 26 which is downwardly extending from the bottom of the crankcase 13 toward the oil pan 22 is formed around the communicating hole 27 and is spacially separated from the side wall of the oil pan 22 by a distance.

Abstract: A lubricating system for a four-cycle engine positioned within an engine compartment of a personal watercraft for powering a water propulsion unit thereof, is disclosed. The engine compartment, and engine therein, is accessible through a maintenance opening in deck of the watercraft. Preferably, the lubricating system includes an oil filter which is positioned at other than the bottom of the engine for access through the maintenance opening, such as at the front or rear end of the engine. In addition, the engine preferably includes an oil drain which is positioned below the oil filter for draining the oil from the engine.

Abstract: An oil-metering system for an internal combustion engine including an oil tank for supplying oil to the lubrication areas of the engine. The plurality of individual oil supply conduits are provided for supplying oil to lubrication areas. A pumping and control means individually meters oil supplied by the oil tank and supplies to the lubrication areas or returns oil to the oil tank. A single oil-return manifold connects the pumping and control means by a plurality of individual return conduits. The oil return manifold and pumping and control means are commonly mounted in close proximity to each other in order to reduce the length of the return conduits.

Abstract: A heat exchanger is provided in an oil recirculation system that is exclusively dedicated to providing lubrication of the valve train in an overhead cam engine. The flow rate of oil through the heat exchanger is controlled to maintain the temperature of oil disposed in a reservoir formed in an enclosure in which the overhead cam and associated valve train components are mounted, at a value sufficient to assure a sufficiently thick oil film between sliding components of the overhead cam valve train under high surface contact loads.

Abstract: A heat exchanger, in particular an oil cooler for internal combustion engines, composed of several parallel tubes (19) for the heat exchange medium and of lamellar, plate-like heat exchange elements (10) arranged perpendicular to the tubes and fixed thereto. The heat exchange elements (10) are bent at their outer edges (11) and are nested on top of each other. An adapter element (13) is provided for supplying the medium to be cooled. The adapter element (13) has liquid inlet (15), a liquid outlet (18) and a mounting member (14) for the heat exchanger.

Abstract: An oil flow sensor and circuit to indicate the presence of oil flow in a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine. The oil sensor includes a heating element positioned within the oil line directly in the oil flow path. Positioned upstream and downstream from the heating element are an upstream heat sensor and a downstream heat sensor. Each of the heat sensors is a negative temperature coefficient resistive device, such that the resistance of the heat sensor varies depending upon oil temperature at the sensor. The output of both the upstream and downstream sensor is coupled to a comparator. The comparator compares the value of the signals from the heat sensors and triggers a switching circuit when the temperature at the sensors approach one another, thus detecting that there is not adequate oil flow to the engine. The switching circuit is connected to a signaling device that indicates whether oil flow to the engine is adequate.

Abstract: A variable valve timing mechanism (VVT) for adjusting the valve timing of an intake valve of an internal combustion engine. The VVT has first and second pressure chambers for receiving oil. An oil control valve (OCV) is provided for controlling oil flow from a pump. Passages are provided for connecting the OCV to the pressure chambers to supply oil to the chambers in a controlled manner. A filter is located in the passage for filtering the oil. The filter is supported in water jacket where coolant flows. The filter is heated by the coolant to decrease the flow resistance of the oil.

Abstract: A four-cycle outboard motor having an oil tank that is disposed at least in part in the drive shaft housing of the outboard motor and an oil pump that is driven off of the lower end of the crankshaft. At least a portion of the conduits for transmitting oil from the oil tank to the oil pump and from the oil pump to the engine for its lubrication being formed integrally in a lower face of the cylinder block.

Abstract: An outboard motor having a high-performance V-type twin overhead cam four-cycle internal combustion engine. The oil reservoir for the engine is disposed in a driveshaft housing below the engine and an oil pump is driven off the lower end of the engine crankshaft for circulating the oil from the oil tank to the engine. The oil supply system for the engine includes a vertically extending main gallery and a drain passage which extend in parallel side-by-side relationship and which are disposed over the oil tank for ease of oil return. The exhaust and cooling system for the engine is configured so as to minimize heat transfer between the exhaust system and the lubricating system and to maintain a compact assembly.

Abstract: A number of embodiments of four-cycle V-type outboard motors embodying an improved and simplified oil filter arrangement wherein the oil filter is easily accessible for servicing is located in close proximity to the oil tank for facilitating pressure relief and is disposed so as to facilitate communication with the main oil gallery of the engine.

Abstract: In an engine block of a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine with in-line cylinders, a cooling water jacket surrounds the cylinders and is formed between the cylinders and a cooling water jacket wall. A water box is cast integrally with the engine block at one side of the cooling water jacket wall for receiving an oil cooler and the cooling water jacket wall extends at least partially between, and separates, the water space of the water box and the water jacket. The oil cooler is mounted on a cover mounted onto the water box whereby the oil cooler can be mounted onto, and is removable from the water box together with the cover.

Abstract: An engine oil block has an oil block body and a thermostat disposed in the oil block body. The oil block body is provided with an oil inlet passage connected on one side to the oil outlet of an engine block and on the other side to the oil inlet of an oil cooler. The oil block also has an oil outlet passage connected on one side to the oil inlet of the engine block and on the other side to the oil outlet of the oil cooler. A communication passage connects the oil inlet passage to the oil outlet passage. The thermostat is disposed in the communication passage for moving a valve member via a shape memory alloy member depending on the temperature of engine oil.

Abstract: A oil filter cooler involves a semi-circular or U-shaped metal device which simply "snaps" onto an oil filter due to the fact that it is slightly flexible, the device having radially extending fins extending outward which enable this device to draw heat away from the oil filter on which it is attached.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having a variable valve timing mechanism with a hydraulic control that is mounted on the front of the cylinder head for ease of accessibility and for ease of conversion of the existing engine. The engine includes an oil filter, oil cooler, and coolant pump, which are disposed and driven in a way so as to maintain short flow paths and permit internal conduits to be formed in the engine so as to avoid the possibility of leakage. The variable valve timing mechanism is controlled by hydraulic pressure supplied by the lubricating system, and a control valve assembly is mounted on the cover for the variable valve timing mechanism with the control passages being formed integrally in this cover. In addition, one of the timing chains may be easily accessed for adjustment without removing the cover through the removal of a bolt that holds an accessory mounting bracket to the engine.

Abstract: To increase the surface area of an oil cooler and improve the cooling efficiency of an engine for a motorcycle, dual radiators are mounted on the body frame on both right and left sides of a water-cooled engine. Both radiators are inclined relative to a center line of the motorcycle with the larger space between the top ends thereof than the space between the bottom ends thereof on both sides of the engine. Also, the forward portions of the radiators project forwardly from the front end of the engine. An air-cooled oil cooler is provided at the upper space between both radiators in front of the engine and extends laterally across the width of the engine. Furthermore, a cooling system incorporates the radiator and oil cooler configuration.

Abstract: To provide a motorcycle including a cooler disposed in such a manner so as to arcuately cover the front surface and the right and left side surfaces of a head pipe, wherein conduits connected to the cooler are disposed so as to prevent the need to reduce the capacity of a fuel tank and to prevent a thermal effect caused by the heated coolant. A cooler is provided on a head pipe positioned in front of a fuel tank. A first conduit for supplying coolant from the right side surface of an engine is connected to the upper surface of the right end of the cooler. A second conduit connected to the upper surface of the left end of the cooler passes along the upper surface of the cooler so as not to interfere with the fuel tank, and is connected to the right side surface of a tank. Wires and wiring cords extending from the steering handle extend along the left side surface of the head pipe to avoid the thermal effect of coolant at a high temperature.

Abstract: A cylinder block for a V-type engine having a left bank and a right bank. A valley is defined between the two blocks. A stepped section is defined in the valley. The stepped section extends in the longitudinal direction of the valley. A cover plate is fixed to the stepped section to define a coolant passage which coolant flows through. A main oil passage is defined in the cylinder block extending parallel to the coolant passage. The valley includes a projection that projects into the coolant passage. A oil cooling passage is defined in the projection. An opening of the cooling passage is connected with the main oil passage. An opening of a bearing oil passage, which lubricating oil for a crankshaft is supplied through, is also connected with the main oil passage. Rotation of the crankshaft produces pressure fluctuation in the bearing oil passage. The opening of the cooling passage is located on the other side of the main oil passage at a position opposed to the opening of the bearing oil passage.

Abstract: A water-cooled oil cooler includes a laminated body formed by alternately piling up formed plates having cooling water passage openings and oil passage openings in the direction of plate thickness, and fin plates having cooling water passage openings and oil passage openings in the direction of plate thickness. A protrusion is projected from a passage wall of the cooling water passage opening of the fin plate into a cooling water passage. By setting the protrusion baser than the other part of the fin plate, the protrusion is made to serve as a sacrificial corrosion section to prevent the contact section from being precedently corroded.

Abstract: A temperature control system, in a liquid cooled internal combustion engine equipped with a radiator, controls the state of a flow control valve for controlling flow of a temperature control fluid through a passageway leading to the radiator. Sensors detect the engine operation temperature, the temperature of the temperature control fluid, t1, and the ambient air temperature, t2. An engine computer receives signals from the sensors, produces control signals based on both of the sensor signals, and sends the control signals to the flow control valve to control the state of the valve. The values t1 and t2 define a plurality of mathematical functions of t1=f(t2) which form a plurality of two-dimensional curves on an orthogonal coordinate system having axes t1 and t2. Each of the curves divide the coordinate system into two regions, one on either side of the curve.

Abstract: A system is set forth for cooling the circulating oil of an air cooled motorcycle engine having an oil pump and a mount for an oil filter, oil from the pump delivered to the filter and from the filter back to the engine for re-circulation. The system includes an engine guard secured to the motorcycle, at least a portion of the guard defining a closed chamber having a supply end and a return end. A diverter disposed between the filter and mount is adapted to direct oil to the chamber supply end, through the chamber for cooling thereof and, from the return end back to the diverter for supply to the filter and return to the engine. An adapter is disposed between the diverter and filter for certain model engines to turn the mount, diverter filter assembly so that the system can be provided for these engines.

Abstract: A cooling and lubricating system for an internal combustion engine wherein an oil cooler and oil filter are mounted at a lower portion of the cylinder block in a recess formed by the crankcase member to provide a compact assembly and wherein the oil filter is readily accessible. All of the passages for supplying lubricant and coolant to and from the oil cooler and oil filter are formed integrally in the body of the engine so as to avoid the use of external conduits.

Abstract: An assembly of auxiliary apparatus for an internal combustion engine includes a coolant pump, an oil cooler device, and an oil filter unit combined and interconnected as a unitary unit for mounting on the internal combustion engine. The oil cooler device includes a housing having an oil pathway and a coolant pathway formed therein. The pathways are arranged to allow heat exchange between oil and coolant flowing through the pathways. The housing has a mounting surface for attachment to the internal combustion engine such that the oil pathway and the coolant pathway both extend beyond the mounting surface and into a recess of a wall of the engine. The assembly allows the engine envelope size to be reduced.

Abstract: An integrated coolant pump and transmission fluid heat exchanger comprises a single module bolted to the engine block. A primary liquid coolant circuit takes pressurized coolant from the pump, through the block, to the radiator and back. A small, separate heat exchanger sits within the module, within a parallel liquid coolant circuit that by passes the primary coolant circuit. Liquid coolant is picked off from the pump outlet by an inlet to the heat exchanger, and, after running through the heat exchanger, is returned to the main flow downstream of the radiator. Concurrently, transmission fluid is counter flowing through the same heat exchanger. Consequently, the parallel liquid flow through the heat exchanger does not interfere with the pressure in the main engine cooling flow. The direct, continual heat exchanger relationship between the two fluids in the heat exchanger allows the transmission to be either heated or cooled by the engine coolant, depending on the relative temperatures thereof.

Abstract: An auxiliary power system includes an engine balance system, an integrated alternator/starter, a thermal management system, noise-vibration-harshness control system, an emissions/fuel economy system, an APU master control unit, and a vehicle control system. The thermal management system includes an alternator/starter cooling assembly for cooling an alternator/starter in the auxiliary power system, an engine lubricating/cooling assembly for cooling an engine in the auxiliary power system, an assembly for collecting a cooling material after passing through the alternator/starter and the engine, an assembly for scavenging the cooling material from the collecting assembly to a first heat exchanger, an assembly for circulating the cooling material back to the alternator/starter and the engine, and a second heat exchanger which is disposed on the circulating assembly between the first heat exchanger and an alternator/starter inlet.

Abstract: The invention resides in improvements to refrigeration systems which rely on circulation of refrigerant gas through compression and expansion phases, and thereby discharging heat from a fluid to be cooled. The invention includes a subcooler (38) in the refrigerant loop, downstream of the refrigerant condenser (34) and a gas trap (36) between the condenser (34) and the subcooler (38), that assures temperature drop in the subcooler (38). The invention also comprehends a shut-off valve (44) between the compressor and the heat source heat exchanger (28). The invention further includes a high capacity-to-volume oil to air heat exchanger (48), for cooling the lubricating oil in the oil loop (26). Preferred refrigerant is ammonia. Incorporating the above improvements into refrigeration systems enables an overall reduction in system sizing. Such systems, having heat exchange capacity of at least 200,000 Btu/hr., up to at least 500,000 Btu/hr.