Abstract: A cylinder direct injection spark-ignition engine in which fuel is directly injected from a fuel injector into each cylinder. The engine has an intake system having two intake ports for each cylinder. A swirl control valve is movably disposed in a passage connected to one of the intake ports. The swirl control valve functions to regulate the intensity (a swirl ratio) of swirl to be generated in the cylinder. Sensors are provided to detect an engine operating condition representative of a stratified charge combustion region. Additionally, a controller is provided to control the swirl control valve so as to change the swirl ratio in accordance an engine speed of the engine, when the current engine operating condition is detected to correspond to the stratified charge combustion region.

Abstract: A cylinder direct injection spark-ignition engine comprises a cylinder block having cylinders. A cylinder head is fixedly mounted on a block deck of the cylinder block and has first and second intake ports for each cylinder. A fuel injector valve directly injects fuel into a combustion chamber corresponding to each cylinder. A spark plug has a tip end section projecting into the combustion chamber. A piston defines the combustion chamber between it and the cylinder head. The piston has, at its piston crown, a generally circular cavity having a center axis offset from a center axis of the piston toward the intake valves. A swirl control valve controls air flow in the first intake port in accordance with an engine operating condition.

Abstract: A direct injected, internal combustion engine wherein the fuel injector is mounted under the intake passage arrangement in the cylinder head. A cooling jacket is provided in the cylinder head that substantially encircles the injector. Also the water delivery system insures a full flow of water through the injector cooling jacket.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine with spark ignition and one or more reciprocating pistons, with an ignition device and at least one fuel delivery device for each cylinder, and with a combustion chamber bounded by a roof-shaped top face, the surface of the piston top is provided with an unsymmetrical, arched flow guiding rib assisting the swirl movement of the cylinder charge. The flow guiding rib is configured as an integral part of the piston top surface, which largely conforms to the roof-shaped top of the combustion chamber, and includes an essentially centrically positioned combustion chamber recess with an entrance area in close proximity of the fuel delivery device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a four-stroke internal combustion engine with spark ignition and direct injection of the fuel into the combustion chamber, with a reciprocating piston for each cylinder and a roof-shaped top of the combustion chamber with at least one exhaust valve and at least two intake valves, as well as intake ports generating a tumble flow in the combustion chamber, as well as a fuel injection device opening into the combustion chamber, and an ignition source located in the area of the cylinder axis in the roof of the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A multiple cylinder, multiple valve internal combustion engine having direct cylinder injection. The cylinder injectors are disposed on a longitudinally extending plane that contains the cylinder bore axis and are inclined at acute angles to planes perpendicular to the longitudinal plane and containing the cylinder bore axis. The spark plugs are located at the intersection of both planes and are inclined to the transverse plane similarly to the fuel injectors. An arrangement is disclosed for controlling the intake charge into the engine so as to be directed primarily on the side of the combustion chamber where the fuel injector injects under at least low speed, low load conditions.

Abstract: A direct injection Diesel engine for motor-vehicles, with small displacement, is described, which comprises a number of cylinders in line each provided with two intake valves and two exhaust valves driven by two cam-shafts arranged in the cylinder head, by means of rocker arms. The arrangement of the intake apertures (2, 3) and the exhaust apertures (4, 5) is such that the injector device can be housed centrally therebetween and the pre-heating glow-plug can be housed on one side, between one intake aperture and one exhaust aperture, while the overall dimensions of the engine are greatly reduced and intake and exhaust conduits (6, 7, 8) are formed which ensure optimum performance of the engine and a low fuel consumption.

Abstract: In order to optimize combustion in a four-stroke spark-ignition engine with direct fuel injection, the conditions of charge flow are improved by providing the top surface of each piston with an essentially T-shaped configuration of guiding ribs, i.e., a longitudinal rib extending transversely to the crankshaft axis running and a cross-rib running in the direction of the crankshaft axis.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having a direct cylinder injection and including a variable valve timing mechanism for at least changing the time of closing of the intake valve. The fuel injection timing and intake valve closing timing are controlled so that under low and mid-range engine speeds, but high loads, the intake valve is closed before the piston reaches bottom dead center position on its intake stroke so as to reduce the effective compression ratio. The engine is provided with an injector location and piston with a bowl in its head that improves fuel stratification under at least some running conditions so as to permit lean burn operation. The intake valves are offset to one side of a plane containing the axis of the cylinder bore, and the fuel injector is disposed between a pair of intake ports and below them so as to direct its injection axis toward the exhaust side and toward the recess in the head of the piston.

Abstract: In a method of forming a fuel/air mixture in an internal combustion engine with direct fuel injection, wherein a combustion air flow is admitted to each cylinder through at least one intake passage tangentially to the cylinder wall such that a combustion air spin flow about the cylinder axis is formed in the combustion chamber and fuel is injected into the combustion chamber in a fuel beam extending along the cylinder axis, at least one additional fluid stream is added to the combustion air flow in the intake passage at the side of the intake passage opposite the direction of the spin flow in the combustion chamber so as to provide an additional spin impulse to the combustion air in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine defining a combustion chamber for the direct injection of fuel through a centrally located fuel injector and having a first inlet passage and port for directing hot exhaust gases of a recirculation medium to a central region of the combustion chamber and a second inlet passage and port for directing air tangentially into the combustion chamber to cause a circular flow about the chamber's periphery and about the exhaust rich central region. The injector sprays fuel through the hot exhaust gas medium in the central region which results in a pre-heating of the fuel which has been found to reduce hydrocarbon emissions prior to ignition by a spark plug located adjacent the periphery of the combustion chamber.

Abstract: Swirl strength is formed to be 1-3.5, and the fuel mist speed of the fuel to be injected into a combustion chamber is formed to be 5-37 m/s or 5-25 m/s, whereby the air fuel ratio (A/F) is used as the lean limitation. Further, a control apparatus determines a lean combustion region according to the swirl strength and the fuel mist speed. By paying using the injection speed of the fuel, the rich air-fuel mixture and the lean air-fuel mixture are stratified by the combination of the swirl shape (the swirl strength) and the fuel mist speed.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine with externally supplied ignition and direct injection comprising an intake tube, having at least two combustion chambers with at least one inlet valve and at least one outlet valve per combustion chamber and a fuel injection valve that injects directly into the combustion chamber. A supply line to the at least one inlet valve of each combustion chamber, in which air that is controlled by a throttle mechanism flows from the intake tube, wherein evaporated fuel from a fuel vapor retention system of a fuel tank of the engine is supplied to the air downstream of the throttle mechanism. The introduction of the evaporated fuel from the fuel vapor retention system into the supply line is only carried out in a partial number of the combustion chambers, in particular in a single combustion chamber of the engine.

Abstract: A cylinder head for an in-cylinder injection spark-ignition type internal combustion engine is formed with an injection passage for providing communication between a fuel injection valve and a combustion chamber. The injection passage includes a first and second passage sections disposed on the fuel injection valve side and on the combustion chamber side. The first passage section is formed, for example, into a truncated cone shape or a right circular cylindrical shape so that the cross sectional area decreases toward the fuel injection valve side or the area is constant over its entire length. The second passage section is formed to have the cross sectional area which increases toward the combustion chamber side. The fuel injected from the fuel injection valve flows into the combustion chamber via the injection passage having a gradually increasing cross sectional area, so that turbulence of fuel spray due to sudden divergent flow does not occur, resulting in an improved fuel combustion efficiency.

Abstract: Two embodiments of multiple-valve engines wherein both the spark plug and fuel injector are mounted in the cylinder head in side-by-side relationship with their axes lying in a common plane. The spark plug and fuel injector axes extend into the combustion chamber recess in an area that is circumscribed by a circle passing through the centers of the valve seats.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having a direct cylinder injection and including a variable valve timing mechanism for at least changing the time of closing of the intake valve. The fuel injection timing and intake valve closing timing are controlled so that under low and mid-range engine speeds, but high loads, the intake valve is closed before the piston reaches bottom dead center position on its intake stroke so as to reduce the effective compression ratio. Fuel injection timing is begun before the piston has reached its bottom dead center position during the intake stroke under high-speed, high-load conditions and is not initiated until after the piston has reached its bottom dead center position and begun its compression stroke under other engine running conditions. The engine is provided with an injector location and piston with a bowl in its head that improves fuel stratification under at least some running conditions so as to permit lean burn operation.

Abstract: A direct fuel-injected, multivalve, twin overhead cam shaft internal combustion engine. The fuel injector is mounted in the cylinder bore on either the intake or the exhaust side and sprays generally transversely across the diameter of the cylinder bore so as to provide stratification under at least low-speed and low-load conditions. The injector is disposed so that it is positioned below the top of the head of the piston at its top dead center position and a recess is formed in the piston head so as to clear the fuel spray and permit injection even when the piston approaches top dead center without obstruction from the piston. This recess also clears one of the valves.

Abstract: In order to optimize combustion in a four-stroke spark-ignition engine with direct fuel injection, the conditions of charge flow are improved by providing the top surface of each piston with an essentially U-shaped guiding rib, which is open towards the exhaust side of the combustion chamber, fuel injection taking place into the concave area inside the guiding rib. The nozzle opening of the fuel injection device as well as the ignition source are positioned in the area of the cylinder center, i.e., preferably on different sides of the longitudinal center plane of the engine.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for controlling the intake air of a spark-ignition four-stroke engine with direct injection of fuel into combustion chamber (1), comprising a main pipe (2) equipped with a throttling means (9), at least a first (3) and a second (4) intake pipe coming from main pipe (2) and opening each into combustion chamber (1), a pipe (7) for recycling the exhaust gases back to the intake equipped with a throttling means (8) and that opens downstream from the throttling means (9) of the main pipe and a means for controlling the air flow supplied to the combustion chamber. According to the invention, said air flow control means comprises a pipe (10) mounted as a bypass on said main pipe (2), around the throttling means (9) thereof, said pipe (10) having a section substantially equal to that of main pipe (2), and a means (11, 12; 14) allowing to seal at least said bypass (10) as a function of the running conditions of the engine.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having a direct cylinder injection and including a variable valve timing mechanism for at least changing the time of closing of the intake valve. The fuel injection timing and intake valve closing timing are controlled so that under low and mid-range engine speeds, but high loads, the intake valve is closed before the piston reaches bottom dead center position on its intake stroke so as to reduce the effective compression ratio. Fuel injection timing is begun before the piston has reached its bottom dead center position during the intake stroke under high-speed, high-load conditions and is not initiated until after the piston has reached its bottom dead center position and begun its compression stroke under other engine running conditions. The engine is provided with an injector location and piston with a bowl in its head that improves fuel stratification under at least some running conditions so as to permit lean burn operation.

Abstract: A direct injection diesel engine includes a cylinder head which is formed, for each cylinder, with a plurality of intake ports. At least one of the intake ports has an approximately straight throat extending tangentially to the cylinder and opening into a combustion chamber at upper reaches of swirling. Another of the intake ports has a throat opening into the combustion chamber at lower reaches of swirling. A glow plug extends downward from one side of the cylinder head, at which the intake ports open, toward a location between the other intake port. An exhaust port extends from another side of the cylinder head and opens into the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A four stroke engine cylinder head (16) has two inlet pipes (19 and 22) which contain alternate acting inlet valves (14 and 15). Fuel/air induction strokes through valve (14) alternate with air only induction strokes through valve (15) giving an eight stroke cycle under half load. When gate valve (23) is moved by a control to the dotted position, this seals the air only inlet and opens port (25) to give fuel/air induction strokes over half load and a four stroke cycle. Air only induction strokes or eight stroke cycles under half load may also be achieved by cutting out some fuel injectors or injection strokes as the load permits.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a combustion chamber configuration which can enhance an engine output by reducing a combustion time. The combustion chamber for an internal combustion engine having multiple valve, including a cylinder block, a piston reciprocating in said cylinder block, a cylinder head defining the combustion chamber with said cylinder block and said piston, a roof defined on a bottom plan of the cylinder head; first, second, third and fourth quadrants which are defined on said roof by ordinate and abscissa axes which pass through a central portion of the combustion chamber, a sparking plug mounting hole formed on the first quadrant, an exhaust port formed on the second quadrant, a first intake port formed on the third quadrant, a second intake port formed on the fourth quadrant, a first squish area formed over the third and fourth quadrants, and a second squish area formed over the first and second quadrants.

Abstract: A unit injector mounted to a cylinder head in a diesel engine includes a pump section and a nozzle section which are eccentrically connected to each other through a connecting portion. An axis of the nozzle section is disposed in alignment with an axis of a cylinder, and an axis is of the nozzle section disposed on the opposite side of a pair of intake valves from the axis of the nozzle section. A rocker arm for transmitting the rotation of an exhaust cam shaft to the pump section is pivotally carried at its intermediate portion on a rocker shaft supported above the nozzle section. Thus, it is possible to provide a reduction in size of the cylinder head, while maintaining the spray of a fuel into a cylinder uniform, by an improved layout of the unit injector in the cylinder head.

Abstract: A number of embodiments of multi-valve twin overhead cam internal combustion engines having direct fuel injection and spark plugs that are disposed between the camshafts and generally centrally of the combustion chamber. Various orientations are disclosed, and in all disclosed embodiments, twin spark plugs are employed.

Abstract: A cylinder head for an international combustion engine comprises at least two separate intake ports with each incorporate one intake valve and at least one exhaust port, which in turn incorporates one exhaust valve, where the intake ports and the exhaust port have their openings on opposite lateral faces of the cylinder head. The cylinder head also comprises a centrally arranged fuel injector which is driven by a top rocker arm, a push rod passing through the cylinder head, and a bottom camshaft. The cylinder head is also designed with a common vertical shaft or through hole which incorporates push rods for transferring the drive from the camshaft to the valves and to the fuel injector. The shaft is arranged between the two intake ports.

Abstract: A valve mechanism for an internal combustion engine with a four-valve, double-overhead camshaft (DOHC) valve train in which the axes of valves for each cylinder diverge outwardly from and are non-parallel with respect to the axis of the cylinder, the valve mechanism having a finger follower for each camshaft lobe and valve and with a contact pad between the cam and the finger follower to permit rocking movement so that the orientation of the finger follower and the axis of the valve remains at a fixed relationship.

Abstract: Each cylinder of an internal combustion engine has two intake valves, two exhaust valves, a fuel injector and a spark plug. The fuel injector is vertically provided in a cylinder head of the engine such that a nozzle of the fuel injector is located in a central position of a combustion chamber. The spark plug is disposed between intake ports of the intake valves, so that an electrode of the spark plug is located near the nozzle of the fuel injector.

Abstract: A four valve, double overhead camshaft diesel engine (10) has a precombustion chamber (30) with an angled and tapered transfer passage (60) leading to the main combustion chamber (44). The transfer passage (60) is tapered to provide a larger lower end (62) facing the main chamber (44) and smaller upper end (64) facing the pre-combustion chamber (30). The pre-combustion chamber is spherical, located on one side of the main combustion chamber. Air passing through the passage (60) during the compression stroke undergoes heating and swirling within the pre-combustion chamber. The piston has a domed upper surface with recessed lobes (20) and (22). Each recessed lobe functions as a valve pocket for the intake and exhaust valves (32) and (42).

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprising a spark plug arranged at the center of the inner wall of the cylinder head, and a fuel injector arranged on the periphery of the inner wall of the cylinder head. A depression is formed on the top face of the piston. This depression is defined by a flat bottom wall and a pair of extended straight side walls which diverge toward the fuel injector side. Fuel is obliquely injected on the flat bottom wall of the depression from the fuel injector.

Abstract: Intake ports are arranged independently from each other between an injector and each combustion chamber and are formed in an inverted triangular cross-sectional shape, whereby intake fluids flow along upper walls of the corresponding ports and become a stratified tumble flow in the combustion chamber 10. One of the three ports, said one port being centrally located and opposing a spark plug, is used as an air-fuel intake port, while the remaining ports arranged on both sides of the port are employed as air intake ports. A fuel injector is provided to feed fuel only to the port. An air-fuel mixture drawn into the combustion chamber through the port flows as a tumble flow. This tumble flow is flanked by tumble flows of air drawn into the combustion chamber through the ports respectively, whereby tumble flows flow in the form of a three-layer tumble swirl as a whole.

Abstract: An engine comprising a fuel injector arranged on the inner wall of the cylinder in the vicinity of the intake valve. When the engine is operating under a heavy load, fuel is injected by the fuel injector during the intake stroke toward the rear face of the valve head of the intake valve. At this time, the injected fuel impinges upon the rear face of the valve head of the intake valve and is reflected thereon. Then, the injected fuel flows into the intake port.

Abstract: Multiple intake valves operatively associated in a common combustion chamber are advantageous in that the design achieves high output for an internal combustion engine. The subject modified cylinder head utilizes the advantages available in a multiple intake valve system, but further enhances the design by reducing heat rejection. In the subject modified cylinder head, three intake valves (38,40,42) having corresponding intake valve ports (26,28,30) and one exhaust valve (68) having an exhaust valve port (66) are operatively associated in a common combustion chamber. A reduction in heat rejection is achieved through a relationship between the cross-sectional areas of the intake and exhaust valve ports (26,28,30,66). The intake valve ports (26,28,30) are constructed so that their cross-sectional area is larger than about 69% of the combined cross-sectional area of the intake and the exhaust ports (26,28,30,66).

Abstract: A motorcycle powered by a fuel injected four cycle internal combustion engine having three valves per cylinder served by a Siamese type intake port arrangement. The centers of the inlet openings of the intake ports are offset from the center of the center intake port served thereby and a single fuel injector is disposed for spraying fuel into each of the intake openings so that all ports will receive equal amounts of fuel and so that the fuel injectors are disposed in parallel relationship to permit a single fuel rail to supply fuel to all of the fuel injectors.

Abstract: A fuel injection structure for an internal combustion engine includes a straight intake port defining passage formed in an intake passage of the engine and a fuel injection valve disposed within a passage-defining wall which defines the straight intake port defining passage therein. The fuel injection valve is arranged inside the intake passage in parallel with a passage axis of the straight intake port defining passage in an elevational view of the engine. The fuel is injected from the fuel injection valve and flows in parallel with the intake air flow. Due to the parallel flow of the fuel and the intake air, the injected fuel does not tend to adhere to the wall surface of the intake port defining passage. This parallel flow is not affected by a change in the speed of the intake air flow.

Abstract: In a direct injection diesel engine provided with a fuel injector facing the center of the combustion chamber, a fuel injection pump supplying high pressure fuel to said injector, two air intake ports and two exhaust ports disposed in apposition to one another around said injector as center, air intake valves and exhaust valves which open and close these ports in synchronization with the engine, a swirl control valve installed in one air intake port, and a control means which adjusts the aperture of said control valve depending on the fuel injection pressure, the swirl control valve shuts when the fuel injection pressure is low so as to enhance the swirl of intake air. This promotes conversion of fuel to fine droplets, uses air more efficiently in the combustion and thereby reduces smoke generation. On the other hand, when the injection pressure is high, the swirl control valve opens which increases the charging efficiency and makes it possible to withdraw high power from the engine.

Abstract: A two-stroke engine including a pair of intake valves. A masking wall is provided for each intake valve to mask the valve opening between the valve seat and the peripheral portion of the intake valve, which is located on the exhaust valve side, for the entire time for which the intake valve is open. The exhaust valves open earlier than the intake valves, and the exhaust valves and the intake valves are closed at substantially the same time.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine with two or more inlet valves for each engine cylinder and roof-shaped boundary surfaces of the combustion chamber in the cylinder head--the main flow directions of the partial streams admitted into the combustion chamber by the inlet valves each forming an acute angle with the plane defined by the cylinder axes of a cylinder bank, i.e., the symmetry plane--, a strong torque of the charge in the combustion chamber is obtained at partial load without impairing the intake of charge at full load due to a deterioration of flow characteristics, by providing that the angle of at least one partial stream on one side of a plane going through the cylinder axis and being normal to the symmetry plane, be made larger by 10 to 40 degrees than the angle of at least one corresponding partial stream on the other side of this normal plane.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprising a spark plug arranged at the center of the inner wall of the cylinder head, and a fuel injector arranged on the periphery of the inner wall of the cylinder head. A depression extending from the position beneath the spark plug to the position beneath the tip portion of the fuel injector is formed on the top face of the piston, and fuel is injected toward the depression. When the engine is operating under a heavy load, the fuel moving along the axis of injection impinges upon the concaved inner wall of the depression at substantially a right angle. When the engine is operating under a light load, the injection time is retarded, and at this time, the fuel moving along the axis of injection impinges upon the concaved inner wall of the depression at an acute angle.

Abstract: A two-stroke diesel engine comprising a pair of intake valves arranged on one side of the inner wall of the cylinder head, and a pair of exhaust valves arranged on the other side of the inner wall of the cylinder head. The valve openings of the intake valves, which are located on the exhaust valve side, are covered by corresponding masking walls. A prechamber is formed in the cylinder head, and the opening of the prechamber is arranged in the peripheral inner wall portion of the cylinder head, which is positioned farthest from the exhaust valves, between the intake valves.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprising a piston having a top face with a depression formed therein, and a first fuel injector and a second fuel injector arranged on the inner wall of the cylinder head. Fuel is injected from the first fuel injector when the position of the piston is high, and fuel is injected from the second fuel injector when the position of the piston is low. The axes of fuel injection of both fuel injectors are determined such that fuel injected from the fuel injectors is directed to the central portion of the depression.

Abstract: A diesel engine having a combustion chamber formed by a cylinder and piston where fuel is injected into the chamber directly, provided with a device to recycle part of the exhaust gas is recycled into the air intake depending on the running condition of the engine, a fuel injection valve which lifts in two stages depending on the fuel pressure, two air intake valves and two exhaust valves disposed around the injection valve. The injection valve is fitted substantially parallel to the cylinder axis facing the center of the combustion chamber and provided with a needle valve which lifts in two stages depending on the fuel pressure in order to spray fuel from an injection nozzle according to the lift of the needle valve. This needle valve is provided with a guide which slides on the inner circumference of the injection nozzle so as to guide the needle valve concentrically with respect to the injection nozzle.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having an air blast valve which injects fuel together with pressurized air in the form of a conical shaped spray of fuel. A depression is formed on the top face of the piston, and the conical shaped spray of fuel is injected from the air blast valve toward the depression. The longitudinal width of the depression in the moving direction of the spray of fuel is larger than the transverse width of the depression in the direction perpendicular to the moving direction of the spray of fuel, and the opposing side walls of the depression, which define the transverse width of the depression, are positioned slightly outward from the side face of the conical shaped spray of fuel.

Abstract: A direct fuel injection type spark ignition internal combustion engine includes a combustion chamber including a shallow dish portion and a deep dish portion formed in a piston top portion, a spark plug located close to an axis of the combustion chamber, and a fuel injection nozzle located at a radially outermost portion of the combustion chamber. With this arrangement, a good ignition characteristic in a low engine load operation and an improved power characteristic in a high engine load operation are obtained. Further, due to that arrangement of the spark plug, the flame propagation distance is made as short as possible.

Abstract: A two-stroke engine having an intake valve and an exhaust valve which are arranged on the cylinder head. A masking wall is formed on the inner wall of the cylinder head to mask the valve opening between the valve seat and the peripheral portion of the intake valve, which is located on the exhaust valve side, for the entire time for which the intake valve is open. The valve seat and the masking wall are formed by a built-up layer which is built up on the wall of the cylinder head and machined.

Abstract: A direct-injection diesel engine comprising a cylinder block having a cylinder in which a piston is slidably received, a cylinder head connected to an upper surface of the cylinder block, a fuel injector nozzle mounted on the cylinder head to directly inject fuel into a combustion chamber defined between the piston and the cylinder head, and first and second independent intake ports provided in the cylinder head for introducing intake gas into the combustion chamber. An intake controller is mounted in the second intake port for bringing the second intake port into a controlled intake gas flow state in a region of low speed operation of the engine and into a normal state in a region of high speed operation of the engine. Each of the first and second intake ports are formed helically in the same direction to produce swirls in the same direction in intake gases introduced respectively through the intake ports into the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A two stroke cycle engine 10 with an exhaust gas treatment catalyst. Separate reducing and oxidizing catalyst portions 126 and 127 are provided to treat different portions of the exhaust gas exhausted during each exhaust period. The portion of the exhaust gas high in NOx, usually that first exhausted upon initial opening of the exhaust port, is directed to be treated by the reducing catalyst 126 and the remainder of the exhaust gas is directed to be treated by the oxidizing catalyst 127.

Abstract: In a direct fuel injection type spark ignition internal combustion engine, fuel is assisted in evaporation by a squish flow. The engine includes a squish portion for generating the squish flow, a spark plug located adjacent to a center of a cylinder, and a fuel injector. The squish portion is enlarged so as to closely oppose the spark plug at the opening end of the squish portion. The fuel injector is located at a closed end of the squish portion and injects at least one portion of the fuel onto either one of two squish portion defining surfaces defining the squish portion therebetween. Evaporation of the fuel injected onto and adhering to the squish portion defining surface is promoted by the squish flow before being ignited by the spark plug.

Abstract: A combustion space of a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine in which the combustion development of the internal combustion engine, as also the knock limit, is positively influenced by a defined configuration of the combustion space and arrangement of the ignition and injection devices, and more particularly in such a manner that the fuel necessary for the operation of the internal combustion engine can be characterized by a lower octane number.

Abstract: An improved induction system for a V type engine that is tuned for substantially all running conditions and which is nevertheless compact in construction. The system includes a pair of plenum chambers each disposed adjacent one of the cylinder heads of the engine. Each cylinder head has at least two intake passages serving the respective cylinder bores and a first conduit extends from the adjacent plenum chamber to one of the intake passages and a second conduit extends from the other of the plenum chambers to the other intake passage. A throttle valve arrangement is also incorporated so that good performance is achieved under all running conditions. The plenum chambers communicate with each other as their opposite ends to improve airflow and a common inlet opening serves each plenum chamber inlet.