Abstract: There is disclosed herein an improved air and fuel intake system for a high performance internal combustion engine for installing on a supercharger or the intake manifold of the engine. The air intake system is attached to the mounting surface of the supercharger or intake manifold such that the plurality of separate air passages of the intake system ensure the uniform distribution of intake air to all parts of the supercharger or intake manifold. Each air passage has a decreasing cross-sectional area along the direction of air flow to increase the velocity of the intake air. The air intake system includes a forwardly disposed air inlet, which faces in the direction of travel of a vehicle powered by the engine. The air passages are controlled by butterfly air valves in the air inlet.

Abstract: A throttle device is arranged in the midstream of an individual passage consisting of a low-speed individual intake passage and a high-speed individual intake passage on the downstream of a surge tank. A valve body is rotatably provided in the throttle valve device. The inside of the valve body is formed with an in-valve low-speed passage and an in-valve high-speed passage that are adjacently placed with respect to the rotational axis of the valve body. The intake air supply is performed through only the low-speed individual passage when the opening of the valve body is equal to or less than a predetermined value, and through both the low-speed individual intake passage and high-speed individual intake passage when the opening of the body is larger than the predetermined value.

Abstract: A plurality of intake air amount control devices for controlling an amount of air drawn into a combustion chamber in association with a depression stroke of an accelerator pedal are provided. Each of the intake air amount control devices responds to a change in depression stroke of the accelerator pedal after the lapse of a predetermined delay period.

Abstract: The invention concerns a device for regulating flow in a duct portion or an intake passage and a manifold comprising such a device. The device is characterized in that each valve (3)/control pin (4) assembly is incorporated in the structure of said duct portion (2) or in the structure of the part (1) comprising at least a duct portion (2), at the opening of through passage, being enclosed, with the possibility of rotating between two matching parts (2?, 2? or 1?, 1?) forming by being assembled said duct portion (2) or said part (1) and being mounted in corresponding housing recesses (5, 5?) provided in the walls of duct portions (2) and/or in one or several separate corresponding bearing(s) (6).

Abstract: An idle speed control apparatus which improves freedom of selection in an opening degree characteristic of a throttle valve is structured such that an intake passage of a throttle body is opened and closed by a throttle valve, a cam lever is attached to one end of a rotatably supported link shaft, a link lever is attached to another end of the link shaft, a slider of a stepping motor is connected to the link lever, a cam portion of the cam lever is connected to a roller of the throttle valve lever, linear motion of the slider is transmitted to the link shaft via the link lever to rotationally displace the link shaft, rotation of the cam lever is transmitted to the throttle valve lever, and the throttle valve opens an idling opening degree corresponding to the rotation of the stepping motor.

Abstract: An auxiliary valve positioned in an intake passageway of a four-cycle internal combustion engine for controlling the flow of air/fuel mixture into a combustion chamber includes a through passage, the through passage defined by a top wall, a bottom wall, and opposing side walls; a swingable door openable and closable in relation to the through passage; and a spring loaded assembly biasing the swingable door closed.

Abstract: To improve freedom of mounting to a motor cycle, a tandem valve type throttle body is provided with a throttle valve (4) in the downstream side of an intake passage (2) and a sub throttle valve (9) in the upstream side thereof, a sub throttle valve shaft (8) is rotated by a motor (M), a sub throttle valve lever (10) and a throttle valve lever (5) are connected by a transmission member, the shaft (8) and a sensor rotor (TA) of an opening degree sensor (T) are energized in the opening direction of the shaft (9) by a rotor spring (TC), a link lever spring (14) pressing the transmission member (12) in one direction is energized in the closing direction of the valve (9), and torque is set so as to cancel spring forces applied to the shaft (8) by both the springs (TC), (14).

Abstract: A control valve assembly comprising at least two control valves which may be used, for example, to throttle the air intake of an internal combustion engine. The assembly is provided with a centrally arranged, force-transmitting shaft (32). The control valves are formed by blades (15) in frames (16) produced by an assembly injection molding process. The control valve blades (15) can be molded onto the force-transmitting shaft (32). The resulting assembly can be mounted or installed as a unit. Alternatively, instead of using a single continuous shaft, shaft projections can be injection molded on the valve blades, which terminate in lugs which engage in a rotationally secure manner in sockets in an adjacent valve assembly so that the two assemblies rotate together as a unit. The resulting control valve assembly is easy to install and advantageously takes up only a little space.

Abstract: A sub collector is connected to a main collector disposed downstream of a throttle valve in an intake passage and a control valve for collector capacity disposed between the two collectors controls connection therebetween. A difference in pressure between the two collectors is reduced when a condition that pressure in the sub collector is lower than a predetermined value in relation to pressure in the main collector occurs. Namely, the control valve is forcibly opened at a point from a fully closed position of the throttle valve to acceleration operation thereof.

Abstract: A throttle valve opening control device includes a drum which is connected to a throttle grip by a wire, an input shaft which is integrally mounted in the drum, an output shaft which is connected to the input shaft by a power transmission device, a link mechanism which connects the output shaft to a forward valve shaft and a rear valve shaft, and a drive motor which drives the power transmission device to provide the relative rotation of the output shaft with respect to the input shaft. The input shaft and the output shaft have respective axes arranged along a straight line. The drive motor is arranged parallel to the output shaft, and the output shaft and the drive motor are juxtaposed vertically and substantially along a centerline of an intake passage. The throttle valve opening control device is relatively compact to reduce engine size.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for varying the fuel-air mixture flow to an engine, and more particularly, to a device for varying the fuel-air mixture flow to the engine that can change the fuel-air mixture reaching the combustion chamber, thus improving fuel combustion and reducing pollution. A preferred embodiment of the invention delays spark timing based on engine speed and fuel-air mixture flow to further improve engine performance. The device comprises an actuator and a manipulator for changing the fuel-air mixture flow through an intake manifold into the engine in response to control signals transmitted from an electronic control unit.

Abstract: To maintain a favorable combustion states, the quantity and quality of a fuel-air mixture to be supplied to cylinders in an internal-combustion engine having multi-cylinder combustors, is where motor-driven fuel spraying mechanisms are provided corresponding to respective cylinders, is controlled with a high response. For this purpose, a mixture supply device has a motor-driven exhaust recirculating mechanism for collecting part of the exhaust generated by combustion in the internal-combustion engine and then remixing the exhaust into the mixture, and an integrated controller for transmitting control signals simultaneously to the above-mentioned three types of mechanisms which are built into a motor-driven multiple-throttle mechanism.

Abstract: A throttle body for controlling a plurality of throttle valves in a multi-cylinder engine. The throttle valves of at least two of the cylinders are structurally connected to each other.

Abstract: A switching assembly (10) having closure elements such as switch valves (18), for example, for closing intake lines (24b) and an intake manifold (28) in which the switching assembly is installed. The switching assembly (10) advantageously is composed of assembly injection-molded valve modules including switch valves (18) and a frame (14b). Alternatively, the switch valves (18) may also be injection molded directly in place in the support component (17). Because it may be pre-assembled, the entire switching assembly (10) may be easily installed in the intake manifold. In addition, the switching assembly preferably has rotational axes (15) which lie at a right angle to the alignment of the valves. It is advantageous that each switch valve (18) has its own rotational axis, thereby avoiding additive tolerances. In this way a part is provided which is economical to produce and which satisfies the sealing requirements for the switching assembly.

Abstract: A variable valve comprising a first cylinder having an aperture and a second cylinder having a second aperture. The first cylinder moves between a first position and a second position. Preferably, the second cylinder moves in cooperation with the first cylinder such that the first aperture and the second aperture form a variable sized opening when the first cylinder moves from the first position toward the second position. The first aperture and the second aperture preferably rotate. The variable sized opening is preferably in a closed position when in the first position. The valve comprises a block body including a passage for allowing air to pass therethrough. The first cylinder and the second cylinder are coupled to the block body and configured in a predetermined position such that the variable sized opening is in communication with the passage. The valve also includes an axle for driving the first cylinder and the second cylinder.

Abstract: An air induction manifold has manifold air passages. A carrier has air passages to communicate air from the manifold air passages to an engine. The carrier has a first sealing interface for a manifold and a second sealing interface for an engine cylinder. The first sealing interface seals the communication of air between the manifold air passage and the carrier air passage. A valve is mounted to the carrier that controls the communication of air through the carrier air passage.

Abstract: A method for operating an internal combustion engine. The latter has at least one combustion, one induction pipe, and one throttle valve. From the actual position of the throttle valve, a gas charge of the combustion chamber is defined. To improve the emissions and fuel consumption characteristics of the internal combustion engine, the minimum gas pressure is measured that exists in the induction pipe assigned to the combustion chamber at the end of the intake stroke. From this gas pressure, a value is determined which more closely approximates the actual gas charge of the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A diaphragm carburetor for an internal combustion engine that operates with scavenging is provided, especially for the two-cycle engine in a manually guided implement. The carburetor has a housing in which is formed an intake channel portion in which is disposed a butterfly valve that is rotatably held via a butterfly valve shaft. The carburetor has at least one air channel that supplies additional combustion air and that is provided with an air valve that is rotatably held via an air valve shaft. The air valve is, at least in one angular range, coupled to the movement of the butterfly valve, whereby the coupling includes a butterfly valve lever that is fixedly connected with the butterfly valve shaft, and an air valve lever that is fixedly connected with the air valve shaft. Disposed on one of the levers is a driver member that at least in one angular range slides upon the other lever between an outer contact point and an inner contact point.

Abstract: A throttle valve device is arranged in the midstream of an individual passage consisting of a low-speed individual intake passage and a high-speed individual intake passage on the downstream of a surge tank. A valve body is rotatably provided in the throttle valve device. The inside of the valve body is formed with an in-valve low-speed passage and an in-valve high-speed passage that are adjacently placed with respect to the rotational axis of the valve body. The intake air supply is performed through only the low-speed individual passage when the opening of the valve body is equal to or less than a predetermined value, and through both the low-speed individual intake passage and high-speed individual intake passage when the opening of the valve body is larger than the predetermined value.

Abstract: An improved intake manifold valve system for use in a vehicle engine and method of assembly therein. The intake manifold valve system includes a valve housing defining an axis. The valve housing includes a first end and an opposite second end. The first end has an opening formed therein. The opening defines a first axial length. The intake manifold valve system includes a valve shaft assembly disposed in the valve housing. The valve shaft assembly includes a shaft having at least one valve provided thereon. The shaft includes a first end and an opposite second end. The second end has with an extended portion. The extended portion defines a second axial length that is greater than the first axial length of the opening. When the extended portion of the shaft is positioned in the opening, the extended portion is movable axially within the opening. At the same time, the extended portion is operative to operatively support the shaft relative to the valve housing.

Abstract: An engine fuel control device includes an idle speed control valve that is disposed in a bypass passage that bypasses a throttle valve, a starting phase determination means that determines whether the engine is in a pre-start phase or a post-start phase, a first opening setting means that sets the opening of the idle speed control valve before starting, a second opening setting means that sets the opening of the idle speed control valve after starting, and a target opening setting means that sets at least one target opening for the idle speed control valve opening when the engine shifts from the pre-start phase to the post-start phase. While the engine is being started, the fuel control device shifts the ISC valve opening from the opening before the complete explosion is determined to the target opening after the complete explosion and eventually to the opening after the complete explosion.

Abstract: An intake device of an internal combustion engine is provided that includes an intake flow control valve shaped so as to be capable of effectively forming a tumble flow within a combustion chamber when there is a projection within an intake pipe located downstream of the intake flow control valve. The intake device of the internal combustion engine includes an intake flow control valve between a throttle valve provided within an intake pipe and a fuel injector located downstream of the throttle valve, for producing a tumble flow in a combustion chamber. The intake flow control valve includes a valve body. The valve body has a bypass airflow producing portion formed at a position corresponding to that of the fuel injector (i.e., a projection within the intake pipe) when viewed in a flow direction of the airflow.

Abstract: A variable valve comprising a first cylinder having a first aperture and a second cylinder having a second aperture. The first cylinder moves between a first position and a second position. Preferably, the second cylinder moves in cooperation with the first cylinder such that the first aperture and the second aperture form a variable sized opening when the first cylinder moves from the first position toward the second position. The first aperture and the second aperture preferably rotate. The variable sized opening is preferably in a closed position when in the first position. The valve comprises a block body including a passage for allowing air to pass. therethrough. The first cylinder and the second cylinder are coupled to the block body and configured in a predetermined position such that the variable sized opening is in communication with the passage. The valve also includes an axle for driving the first cylinder and the second cylinder.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling an internal combustion engine with an intake air flow control valve provided downstream of a throttle valve within an intake passage of the internal combustion engine includes controlling an opening amount of the intake air flow valve of the internal combustion engine to adjust the intake air quantity when the intake air quantity cannot be controlled by the throttle valve.

Abstract: An intake/exhaust system and a method of controlling intake air temperature and pressure for a dual-mode homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine is provided. The system may include an air compressor including at least two output air flow paths, an intercooler for cooling air from one of the air flow paths, and heat exchangers for heating air from another one of the air flow paths. Control valves may be provided for controlling the mass ratio of air through the air flow paths to thereby control temperature and pressure of air supplied to the engine. The first air flow path may direct air to the engine via the intercooler and the second air flow path may direct air to the engine via the heat exchangers, whereby, air at first and second controlled temperatures and pressures may be supplied to the engine for operation in SI and HCCI modes.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an exhaust gas control (EGC) valve. The EGC valve comprises a valve housing having at least one inlet port, at least one outlet port, and a flow channel having a centerline extending between the ports. A valve seat is adjacent an opening in the at least one outlet port. The EGC valve further comprises a rotatable actuator shaft offset from the centerline. At least one L-shaped valve armature is operably connected to the actuator shaft. The valve armature has a first leg and a second leg. The first leg is connected to the actuator shaft so that rotation of the actuator shaft in a first direction positions the second leg into sealing engagement with the valve seat to close the flow channel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a spark ignited internal combustion engine with at least one cylinder that accommodates a reciprocating piston, with a cylinder head that receives at least one ignition device per cylinder and in which are formed one exhaust and two intake manifolds, said exhaust manifold communicating with a combustion chamber by way of one exhaust port and said intake manifolds communicating therewith by way of intake ports, said exhaust port being controlled via an exhaust valve and said intake ports via intake valves, said exhaust port on the one hand and said intake ports on the other hand being arranged to different sides of an elevated plane of the engine that passes through the axis of the cylinder and through the axis of the crankshaft, said intake manifolds being at least in sections arranged substantially in the direction of the cylinder's axis and being formed in such a manner that a reverse tumble flow is initiated in the combustion chamber, said flow being oriented from the intake p

Abstract: In order to provide an intake flow rate detecting apparatus of an internal combustion engine which accurately compensates for an air flow meter detection error due to intake pulsation so as to make it possible to detect an intake flow rate more accurately, regardless of the of type of flow rate control mechanism, an intake flow rate detecting apparatus according to one embodiment of the invention includes a throttle valve which is provided in an intake passage and which adjusts a rate of the air that is taken into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, at least one flow rate control mechanisms which are provided between the throttle valve and the combustion chamber and which control an air flow rate between the throttle valve and the combustion chamber, and a flow rate sensor which is provided upstream of the throttle valve in the intake passage and which detects a flow rate of air flowing through the intake passage.

Abstract: A method and system for controlling a limp-home function in an electronic throttle system adapted to prevent stalls which may occur due to failure of electronic throttle system by executing proper limp-home control to cater to a running state of the vehicle.

Abstract: A butterfly valve assembly includes a valve shaft supported by a bearing so as to rotate around its longitudinal axis and having a first end and a second end, an actuator connected to the first end of the valve shaft, and a valve-opening sensor connected to the second end of the valve shaft and having a return spring therein that applies a force to the valve shaft perpendicularly to its longitudinal axis. The return spring disposed in the valve-opening sensor continuously applies its resilient force to both ends of the valve shaft in one direction, so that the valve shaft can be restricted in its free movement within the bearing, therefore the rattling noise, due to the vibration of the valve shaft within the bearing, can be prevented.

Abstract: A sub collector is connected to a main collector disposed downstream of a throttle valve in an intake passage and a control valve for collector capacity disposed between the two collectors controls connection therebetween. A difference in pressure between the two collectors is reduced when a condition that pressure in the sub collector is lower than a predetermined value in relation to pressure in the main collector occurs. Namely, the control valve is forcibly opened at a point from a fully closed position of the throttle valve to acceleration operation thereof.

Abstract: When a load given to the engine 100 is less than a predetermined value, the outside air suction port 104 is closed and only inside air is supplied to the engine 100, and the valve 112a is opened so as to supply warm water to the heater 112. When the load given to the engine 100 is not less than the predetermined value and the temperature of air outside the engine compartment 11 is lower than a predetermined value, the inside air suction port 102 is closed and only outside air is supplied to the engine 100, and the valve 112a is closed so that the supply of warm water to the heater 112 is stopped.

Abstract: A diaphragm carburetor for an internal combustion engine that operates with scavenging is provided, especially for the two-cycle engine in a manually guided implement. The carburetor has a housing in which is formed an intake channel portion in which is disposed a butterfly valve that is rotatably held via a butterfly valve shaft. The carburetor has at least one air channel that supplies additional combustion air and that is provided with an air valve that is rotatably held via an air valve shaft. The air valve is, at least in one angular range, coupled to the movement of the butterfly valve, whereby the coupling includes a butterfly valve lever that is fixedly connected with the butterfly valve shaft, and an air valve lever that is fixedly connected with the air valve shaft. Disposed on one of the levers is a driver member that at least in one angular range slides upon the other lever between an outer contact point and an inner contact point.

Abstract: A invention relates to a throttle body which has at least one housing (14) and an actuator (18), which is arranged in the housing (14) and drives a moving element (6). The outlay on the production and assembly of the throttle body is particularly low while, at the same time, particularly severe heating of the actuator (18) is reliably avoided during operation of the actuator (18) wherein, the housing (14) is manufactured from plastic (K), and functional elements of the actuator (18) are arranged in the housing (14) and are at least partially surrounded by plastic (K). The moving element (6) is surrounded by a stub pipe (4), a functional element of the actuator (18) and the stub pipe (4) being connected to one another in a heat-conducting manner.

Abstract: An intake control system of an internal combustion engine comprises an intake control valve disposed in an intake passage of each cylinder of the engine and a rotary solenoid actuator that drives the intake control valve to open and to close. Fan-shaped parts of a rotor and projecting parts of a stator of the actuator form air gaps in a circumferential direction. Circumferential length of the air gaps change with rotation of the rotor. Electromagnetic coils are disposed in the stator and generate magnetic flux mainly through the air gaps that are shortened when the rotor is rotated by supplying current to the electromagnetic coils. A support shaft of the intake control valve is connected with a spring that holds the intake control valve at a neutral position when the electromagnetic coils are supplied with no current.

Abstract: The invention relates to a piston engine comprising an engine block that contains several cylinders. The inventive piston engine also comprises a fresh-gas supply device that is provided with several supply pipes (1) which are arranged on the cylinders and are fixed to the engine block. Said piston engine further comprises a fuel injection system that is provided with a high-pressure supply line (5) which is allocated to the cylinders. The aim of the invention is to fix the supply pipes (1) and the high-pressure supply line (5) to the engine block in a simpler manner. Holding-down clamps (7) for the supply pipes (1) are configured on the high-pressure supply line (5) in such a way that the high-pressure supply line (5) fixes the supply pipes (1) to the engine block.

Abstract: A control valve assembly comprising at least two control valves which may be used, for example, to throttle the air intake of an internal combustion engine. The assembly is provided with a centrally arranged, force-transmitting shaft (32). The control valves are formed by blades (15) in frames (16) produced by an assembly injection molding process. The control valve blades (15) can be molded onto the force-transmitting shaft (32). The resulting assembly can be mounted or installed as a unit. Alternatively, instead of using a single continuous shaft, shaft projections can be injection molded on the valve blades, which terminate in lugs which engage in a rotationally secure manner in sockets in an adjacent valve assembly so that the two assemblies rotate together as a unit. The resulting control valve assembly is easy to install and advantageously takes up only a little space.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for varying the fuel-air mixture flow to an engine, and more particularly, to a device for varying the fuel-air mixture flow to the engine that can change the fuel-air mixture reaching the combustion chamber, thus improving fuel combustion and reducing pollution. A preferred embodiment of the invention delays spark timing based on engine speed and fuel-air mixture flow to further improve engine performance. The device comprises an actuator and a manipulator for changing the fuel-air mixture flow through an intake manifold into the engine in response to control signals transmitted from an electronic control unit.

Abstract: To improve the efficiency of assembling multiple on-off valves into a manifold body and reduce resistance to rotation of a shaft after assembly, frame members (3) are fitted in downstream end portions of individual intake passage sections (12) of a manifold body (2), on-off valves (4) are placed inside the individual frame members (3) and a shaft (5) is passed through the on-off valves (4) in such a way that the frame members (3) constitute parts of inside walls of intake passages where the on-off valves (4) are located, the frame members (3) rotatably supporting the on-off valves (4) and the shaft (5). A cutout (23) is formed in a surrounding wall of each frame member (3), thereby making each frame member (3) expandable and compressible by elastic deformation.

Abstract: An idling speed control system for an outboard motor mounted on a boat and equipped with an internal combustion engine, whose output is connected to a propeller through a clutch, having secondary air supplier that supplies secondary air. In the system, the engine start-state as to whether the engine has been started is determined and the clutch position is detected and based thereon, the desired idling speed and the desired secondary air supply amount is determined through learning control. With this, the system can therefore accurately determine the desired idling speed and the desired secondary air supply amount and achieve steady idling speed even if load changes owing to a change in clutch position or propeller replacement.

Abstract: A method for controlling a powertrain of a vehicle is described. The method determines a desired vehicle condition based on three driver actuated elements. In a preferred embodiment the first element can be pedal position, the second element can be a brake actuator or, more specifically, brake actuation duration, and the third element can be a gear selection lever. Further, the desired vehicle condition can be desired powertrain output, vehicle acceleration, or various other parameters.

Abstract: An assembly consists of a housing and a flap unit. The housing and the flap unit are each one-piece injection-molded parts and the flap unit is mounted in the housing. The flap unit has at least two flap elements and a connection section arranged between each two flap elements. The connection section has a compensation element that can compensate for shrinkage-related length changes, in particular of the connection section.

Abstract: An intake control system has intake control valves disposed in intake passages of cylinders of a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine. ECU controls the opening degrees of the intake control valves of the respective cylinders based on signals from sensors to converge rotation speed of the engine in a lower limit rotation speed above which the engine does not stall during an idling operation of the engine.

Abstract: An intake control system has intake control valves disposed in intake passages of cylinders of a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine. ECU controls the opening degrees of the intake control valves of the respective cylinders based on signals from sensors to converge rotation speed of the engine in a lower limit rotation speed above which the engine does not stall during an idling operation of the engine.

Abstract: In an air intake control device of a fuel injection engine, a throttle body includes a cam lever rotatably mounted on a sub-throttle valve, a stopper cam for rotating a main throttle pulley, and a link mechanism for linking the cam lever and the stopper cam. When the sub-throttle valve is fully opened while a main throttle valve is closed, the rotation of the cam lever is transmitted to the stopper cam by the link mechanism, and the main throttle valve is opened at the angle required for the first idling by the rotation of the stopper cam.

Abstract: The invention relates to a piston engine comprising an engine block that contains several cylinders. The inventive piston engine also comprises a fresh-gas supply device that is provided with several supply pipes (1) which are arranged on the cylinders and are fixed to the engine block. Said piston engine further comprises a fuel injection system that is provided with a high-pressure supply line (5) which is allocated to the cylinders. The aim of the invention is to fix the supply pipes (1) and the high-pressure supply line (5) to the engine block in a simpler manner. Holding-down clamps (7) for the supply pipes (1) are configured on the high-pressure supply line (5) in such a way that the high-pressure supply line (5) fixes the supply pipes (1) to the engine block.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling a variable displacement internal combustion engine having dedicated actuators associated with a group or bank of cylinders pre-positions actuators associated with the deactivated cylinders based on operating conditions associated with the activated cylinders to reduce torque excursions during reactivation. In one embodiment, a variable cam timing mechanism associated with the deactivated bank of cylinders is pre-positioned to achieve the stead state air charge based on engine speed and manifold pressure of the activated cylinders.

Abstract: An intake control system of an internal combustion engine comprises an intake control valve disposed in an intake passage of each cylinder of the engine and a rotary solenoid actuator that drives the intake control valve to open and to close. Fan-shaped parts of a rotor and projecting parts of a stator of the actuator form air gaps in a circumferential direction. Circumferential length of the air gaps change with rotation of the rotor. Electromagnetic coils are disposed in the stator and generate magnetic flux mainly through the air gaps that are shortened when the rotor is rotated by supplying current to the electromagnetic coils. A support shaft of the intake control valve is connected with a spring that holds the intake control valve at a neutral position when the electromagnetic coils are supplied with no current.

Abstract: An outboard motor includes an engine, an induction silencer disposed above the engine, a throttle valve device disposed adjacent the induction silencer, an intake manifold disposed adjacent the throttle valve device, an engine cover for covering the engine, the induction silencer, the throttle valve device, and the intake manifold, and a control cable for opening and closing a throttle valve of the throttle valve device. The induction silencer includes a connecting port communicating with an upstream portion of the throttle valve device. The throttle valve device has a downstream portion communicating with an upstream portion of the intake manifold. The control cable includes a first cable portion extending over an upper surface of the induction silencer.

Abstract: A small watercraft includes an engine and an improved induction and charging forming system. The engine includes a fuel injection system with at least one fuel injector and a fuel delivery conduit for supplying fuel to the at least one fuel injector. The induction system includes an intake box configured to protect the at least one fuel injector and the fuel delivery conduit from damage that can be caused by heat generated from a portion of an exhaust system and/or water that may collect in a hull of the watercraft. The induction system can also include a set of throttle bodies. Each throttle body includes a throttle valve. The throttle valves are connected to a throttle shaft assembly. A pulley is attached to the throttle shaft assembly and is disposed between adjacent throttle bodies.