Abstract: Hydrogen-containing fuel/oxidizer combinations, such as aqueous ammonia and aqueous hydrogen peroxide, are disclosed. Systems and methods using such fuel for generation of energy are also disclosed. The reaction products of the fuels are environmentally benign chemicals such as nitrogen gas and water.

Abstract: The invention is a unit that produces Hydrogen Gas (Browns Gas (HHO)) that can be used as an assist to diesel and gas engines. The gas is produced from distilled water, using our stainless steel plate design. The patent should apply to the internal plate placement and design. The internal design of the unit allows it to produce significantly more hydrogen, drawing significantly less current or electricity from its power source. The internal design is in the placement of positive, negative and neutral plates to produce the gas.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for improving the fuel efficiency of a 10 kW Tactical Quiet Generator (10 kWTQG) diesel generator in the field. The apparatus includes a small turbocharger adapted to operate at very low boost and a low back pressure exhaust system. The turbocharger provides between approximately 0.5 and 3 pounds of boost over the 10 kWTQG normal operating range. No modifications are required to the 10 kWTQG fuel injection and governor system. The design of the low back pressure exhaust takes advantage of the narrow RPM range of the 10 kWTQG, and when combined with the turbocharger, meets or exceeds ambient noise level requirements. The apparatus is field installable by personnel of general skill levels present for operation of the 10 kWTQG.

Abstract: There is provided an ignition or plasma generation apparatus that eliminates the need for resonance means in a combustion chamber and simplifies the electrode structure within the combustion chamber in an instance where energy from each of a spark discharge and microwaves is used to ignite an air-fuel mixture gas in an internal combustion engine. The ignition or plasma generation apparatus includes a mixing circuit for mixing a high-voltage pulse from a high-voltage pulse generator and microwave energy from a microwave generator; and an ignition plug into which an output from the mixing circuit is supplied, the plug used for introducing the output into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. The output supplied from the mixing circuit to the ignition plug is supplied in a manner in which the microwave energy and the high-voltage pulse are superimposed on each other on a same transmission line.

Abstract: During operation of a spark ignition engine, an ignition system produces an output (e.g., breakdown voltage, peak secondary coil current, and spark duration) used to combust a charge (e.g., mixture of air and fuel) in an engine cylinder. Ignition output is important to consider in engines including a second fuel with high ignitability, for example in engines with a fuel reformer system. Example methods, devices and systems are included for adjusting ignition output.

Abstract: Disclosed are a system and a method for promoting the formation of the emulsified fuel of a diesel engine.

Abstract: A ship for bunkering liquefied fuel gas to a liquefied-fuel-gas propulsion ship includes: a liquefied-fuel-gas storage tank installed in the ship; a fuel supply pipe connected to the liquefied-fuel-gas storage tank and supplying fuel to the liquefied-fuel-gas propulsion ship; and a BOG collection pipe collecting BOG produced in a liquefied fuel gas tank of the liquefied-fuel-gas propulsion ship.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine 100 includes a cylinder 102 that defines a combustion chamber 196 causing a premixed gas to be combusted, a piston 120 that defines the combustion chamber 196 together with the cylinder 102, and reciprocates in the cylinder 102, and an active species generator 150 that generates active species. The internal combustion engine 100 promotes combustion of the mixed gas by the active species generated by the active species generator 150. The piston 120 includes an active species generation chamber 194 that is formed therein and open to a top surface of the piston 120, and in which the active species generator 150 generates the active species.

Abstract: [Subject] The subject is to provide a method of converting solar energy into the transportable and stockable secondary energy [Means for Solving the Problem] There is provided a method of converting solar thermal energy obtained in a first region into motive power energy used in a second region, the second region having a solar-radiation amount smaller than that of the first region, comprising: synthesizing ammonia from air and water by using, as an energy source; only the solar thermal energy acquired in the first region, transferring the ammonia from the first region to the second region; and, burning the ammonia in the second region such that nitrogen and water are produced, thereby obtaining motive power energy.

Abstract: Embodiments are shown wherein ammonia is used for powering, heating and cooling of various applications including: vehicles (terrestrial, naval, aero-spatial or other engine-driven equipment), residential and commercial buildings, remote generators, refrigerated transport. An ammonia-fuelled internal combustion engine comprising; a thermally insulated fuel tank adapted to store ammonia; a heat exchangers operably connected to the fuel tank, wherein the heat exchanger is adapted to heat the ammonia; a decomposition and separation unit operably connected to the heat exchangers and having a hydrogen conduit and a nitrogen conduit, wherein the decomposition and separation unit is adapted to separate the heated ammonia into hydrogen and nitrogen and stream them into the hydrogen and nitrogen conduits respectively; and an internal combustion engine operably connected to the hydrogen conduit.

Abstract: A cogeneration power plant for producing steam and electricity. A boiler burner receives fuel from a fuel source and a boiler combustion air/exhaust mixture from a boiler combustion air fan. Combustion occurs inside the burner and hot gases are generated which are used to provide heat for the boiler. An internal combustion engine receives fuel and air for combustion. The internal combustion engine drives an electricity generator for the production of electricity. An engine jacket and oil cooler are utilized to provide cooling for the engine. A water circuit is configured to remove heat from the engine jacket and oil cooler. The heated water flows through a water-to-air heat exchanger connected to the water circuit. The water-to-air heat exchanger utilizes the heated water to heat ambient air through the heat exchanger to produce heated boiler combustion air.

Abstract: Improved electrolysis systems for production of Brown's gas. The produced Brown's gas is made available for co-combustion with hydrocarbon fuel in an internal combustion engine to improve the fuel efficiency of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A fuel system for an engine of a vehicle and a method of operating the fuel system are described. As a non-limiting example, the fuel system is controlled in response to engine operating conditions.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating electrical energy from combustion of biomass is provided. The present invention provides both liquid-phase and gas-phase fuel to an internal combustion engine that is designed to run on both types of fuel. Scrubbing syngas generated in an updraft gasifier with a first petrochemical-based liquid fuel reduces the concentration of tars in the syngas stream and also enables absorption of tars from the syngas into the first liquid fuel. After absorption, the tars form a second liquid fuel that is suitable for direct use in the internal combustion engine. As a result, the syngas provided to the engine is substantially free of tars and the volume of liquid fuel available to the engine is increased.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine system including an electric power generating device, a container, a set of positive and negative electrodes and an internal combustion engine is provided. The container contains an electrolytic solution and has a gas outlet. The set of positive and negative electrodes are disposed within the electrolytic solution in the container, wherein the set of positive and negative electrodes are electrically connected to a first power output end and a second power output end of the electric power generating device, respectively. The internal combustion engine is connected to the gas outlet, wherein a gas product directed from the gas outlet is used as a fuel of the internal combustion engine. Further, the electric power generating device can be applied on a hydrogen/oxygen gas generating apparatus and integrated into the internal combustion engine system of a motor vehicle.

Abstract: A process for the utilization of the methane produced by enteric fermentation, specifically to a process that utilizes methane produced by ruminant animals through enteric fermentation as a source of carbon and/or energy for the directed production of methane-based goods or processes is provided.

Abstract: An electrolysis system is provided for supplementing the petroleum fuel supply of an internal combustion engine. The electrolysis system may include a reservoir tank including a solution of water and electrolyte and at least two plates disposed therein. The plates are in electrical communication with a source of electrical power such that the plates create an electrical current in the solution to produce a gas including oxygen and hydrogen. A filter system is in fluid communication with the reservoir tank and includes a filter that has interconnected particles configured to capture electrolyte particles in the gas. A conduit is also provided as part of the electrolysis system to deliver the gas from the filter system to the internal combustion engine. A filter system and a method of supplying a gas that includes oxygen and hydrogen to supplement the petroleum fuel supply for an internal combustion engine are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present description relates to operation and control of a fuel reformer. In one embodiment, an engine constituent is adjusted in response to limiting an amount of reformate supplied to the engine during a condition of reformer degradation. The approach can improve engine operation. In this way, consequences of reformate system degradation may be reduced by limiting use of the reformate system after degradation is detected.

Abstract: A waste gas combustion method that includes providing a combustible fuel source, in which the combustible fuel source is composed of at least methane and siloxane gas. A sodium source or magnesium source is mixed with the combustible fuel source. Combustion of the siloxane gas of the combustible fuel source produces a silicon containing product. The sodium source or magnesium source reacts with the silicon containing product to provide a sodium containing glass or sodium containing silicate, or a magnesium containing silicate. By producing the sodium containing glass or sodium containing silicate, or the magnesium containing silicate, or magnesium source for precipitating particulate silica instead of hard coating, the method may reduce or eliminate the formation of silica deposits within the combustion chamber and the exhaust components of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: An energy generating module comprises an enclosure, an energy generating device, a fuel chamber, and one or more fuel conveying devices. The enclosure comprises a plurality of walls that enclose the energy generating device. The fuel chamber is applied to an exterior surface of at least one wall of the enclosure such that at least a portion of the exterior surface of at least one enclosure wall is covered by the fuel chamber. The fuel conveying devices convey fuel from the fuel chamber to the energy generating device enclosed by the enclosure walls. The energy generating device generates an energy output using fuel received from the fuel chamber.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for selectively storing gaseous reformate output by a fuel reformer for fueling an engine. Carbon monoxide produced by a fuel reformer may be continuously combusted in the engine and/or engine exhaust rather than being stored. In one example, reformate components produced by a fuel reformer, e.g., H2 and CH4, may be stored and buffered for use by an engine.

Abstract: The present invention provides an auxiliary power system to provide supplemental power by compressed hydrogen. The system includes a motor configured to be driven by the compressed hydrogen. The motor includes a cartridge for the generation of hydrogen. The cartridge is configured to generate high pressure and high temperature hydrogen. The motor is configured such that hydrogen generated by the cartridge is directed through a manifold and moves pistons in a cylinder block such that the cylinder block rotates. A clutch assembly is provided to transmit power from the motor.

Abstract: An improved method of powering an engine using water as a fuel by separating the hydrogen and oxygen atoms and igniting the hydrogen with high voltage high amperage dc electricity in the compression/combustion chamber of the engine and recycling the exhaust water for reuse.

Abstract: A hydrogen generating element which can supply hydrogen efficiently and stably, is safe, and has low environmental load is provided. Further, a hydrogen generation device to which the hydrogen generating element is applied is provided. Furthermore, a power generation device and a driving device to each of which the hydrogen generation device is applied are provided. A hydrogen generating element in which a needle-like or dome-like silicon microstructure is formed over a base may be used and reacted with water, whereby hydrogen is efficiently generated. The hydrogen generating element may be applied to a hydrogen generation device. The hydrogen generation device may be applied to a power generation device and a driving device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved rotary engine having one positive motion stroke, the rotary engine comprising at least one of a piston having at least one piston vane. At least one of a unidirectional bearing is operationally coupled to the piston, wherein the piston is configured to allow the piston vane to rotate and the unidirectional bearing prevents the piston vane from rotating during a combustive force or a thrust force injection. A peddle block is positioned in the pathway of the piston vane, wherein as the piston vane approaches the peddle block a secondary exhaust pressure increases against the piston vane surface, the secondary exhaust pressure, in part, causes the piston vane to rotate and self-align for a subsequent cycle. Other exemplary embodiments allow for a secondary exhaust pressure to rotate a piston vane causing the piston vane to self-aligning for the next cycle.

Abstract: A hydrogen generator provided with a cracker which cracks a compound containing hydrogen atoms and nitrogen atoms to generate hydrogen, a compound feeder which feeds the compound to the cracker, and an oxygen feeder which feeds oxygen to the cracker. The cracker includes catalyst particles which promote the cracking of the compound and catalyst particles which promote the oxidation of the compound. The cracker is fed with the compound and oxygen, causes the compound to oxidize to generate heat of oxidation, and uses the generated heat of oxidation to crack the compound.

Abstract: An integrated control system for use with an engine connected to a generator providing electrical power to a switchgear is disclosed. The engine receives gas produced by a gasifier. The control system includes an electronic controller associated with the gasifier, engine, generator, and switchgear. A gas flow sensor monitors a gas flow from the gasifier to the engine through an engine gas control valve and provides a gas flow signal to the electronic controller. A gas oversupply sensor monitors a gas oversupply from the gasifier and provides an oversupply signal indicative of gas not provided to the engine. A power output sensor monitors a power output of the switchgear and provide a power output signal. The electronic controller changes gas production of the gasifier and the power output rating of the switchgear based on the gas flow signal, the oversupply signal, and the power output signal.

Abstract: The inventive subject matter relates to an engine with combined combustion and steam operation, the engine comprising more than one cylinder in which in each case a piston is mounted, the pistons being coupled to a common crankshaft in the engine, at least one of the pistons being drivable by the combustion of a fuel mixture in the cylinder space, and at least one further piston being drivable by the introduction and expansion of steam in the cylinder space, the steam being generated in a steam generation device outside the cylinder space, and the steam generation device being operable at least partially by waste heat from the engine.

Abstract: An engine system with a reformer, wherein an unreformed fuel is reformed by the reformer mounted in an exhaust pipe, and wherein a reformed fuel containing hydrogen is supplied to an engine. The engine system with a reformer includes a controller which, when the hydrogen generated by the reformer is supplied to the engine, determines a target heat generation beginning timing in accordance with a load applied to an engine, an engine speed, and an air excess ratio of an air-fuel mixture, and which controls an ignition timing of the engine so that a difference between a current heat generation beginning timing and the target heat generation beginning timing of the engine is within a predetermined range.

Abstract: A hydrogen fueled powerplant including an internal combustion engine that drives a motor-generator, and has a two-stage turbocharger, for an aircraft. A control system controls the operation of the motor-generator to maintain the engine at a speed selected based on controlling the engine equivalence ratio. The control system controls an afterburner, an intercooler and an aftercooler to maximize powerplant efficiency. The afterburner also adds power to the turbochargers during high-altitude restarts. The turbochargers also include motor-generators that extract excess power from the exhaust.

Abstract: During operation of a spark ignition engine, an ignition system produces an output (e.g., breakdown voltage, peak secondary coil current, and spark duration) used to combust a charge (e.g., mixture of air and fuel) in an engine cylinder. Ignition output is important to consider in engines including a second fuel with high ignitability, for example in engines with a fuel reformer system. Example methods, devices and systems are included for adjusting ignition output.

Abstract: The invention provides a hydrogen storage material consisting essentially of a hydride of lithium and magnesium, the material having the general formula: LixMgyHn wherein: (i) x is in the range of from 0.17 to 0.93; (ii) y is in the range of from 0.07 to 0.83; and (iii) n is not greater than (x+2y); with the proviso that n is not (x+2y) when (a) x=y; (b) x=2y or (c) 2x=y. Methods of producing the hydrogen storage material and its use to store hydrogen reversibly or irreversibly are also provided.

Abstract: A hydrogen fuel system for an internal combustion engine includes a water reservoir and a fuel cell in fluid communication with the water reservoir. An oxygen line is fluidly coupled to the hydrogen fuel cell and receives and transports oxygen away from the fuel cell. A hydrogen line is fluidly coupled to the fuel cell and receives and transports hydrogen away from the fuel cell. An engine gas interface is fluidly coupled to the oxygen line and the hydrogen line, and operatively coupled to an engine intake. The engine gas interface receives oxygen and hydrogen from the oxygen and hydrogen lines, and introduces the hydrogen and oxygen into the engine intake. A vibration sensor is operatively coupled to the engine gas interface to detect engine vibration of the internal combustion engine, and deactivates the fuel when the sensor does not detect vibration from the engine.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for controlling an electric motor employing an electrolysis subassembly connected in an electrical circuit which includes the electric motor. While controlling the throughput of electrical current through the electrolysis subassembly, a fuel gas useful for fueling an internal combustion engine is simultaneously generated. The invention includes a novel electrolyte utilizing novel electrode structure and mode of operation.

Abstract: A modular gasification reactor for a plasma assisted gasification reaction system is disclosed for converting fuel, such as, but not limited to, biomass, to syngas to replace petroleum based fuels used in power generation. The system may be a modular system housed within a frame facilitating relatively easy transportation. The system may include a reactor vessel with distinct reaction zones that facilitate greater control and a more efficient system. The system may include a syngas heater channeling syngas collected downstream of the carbon layer support and to the pyrolysis reaction zone. The system may also include a syngas separation chamber configured to produce clean syngas, thereby requiring less filtering. The system may further include an agitator drive assembly that prevents formation of burn channels within the fuel.

Abstract: Systems and methods of operation for internal combustion engines which employ molecular sieve technology to provide enhanced oxygen content in the air-fuel mixture during operation.

Abstract: A system for an engine includes an engine block having a cylinder, an oil delivery system including an oil reservoir at least partially enclosing an oil emulsion and providing lubricating oil to at least one cylinder, and a controller configured to adjust the heat delivered to the engine via a heat adjustment mechanism in response to a concentration of water in the oil emulsion.

Abstract: A hydrogen supplementation fuel apparatus and method having a power source, a hydrogen generator and an accumulator for supplementing hydrogen gas to improve the fuel efficiency of internal combustion engines. The hydrogen generator uses electrodes that are helically wound about a separator to increase the hydrogen generation output.

Abstract: An engine system in which hydrogen is employed as a fuel, including a reactor configured to cause a reaction using a catalyst, in which the reactor is constituted by alternately disposing plural exhaust passages and plural fuel passageways of the engine system with a wall interposed therebetween; at least one carrier configured to carry the catalyst and to be formed in a substantially rectangular plate shape is fitted in at least one of fuel passageways; and the carrier is provided with a plate portion which has a surface disposed in a fuel flowing direction and is formed in a substantially rectangular plate shape and at least one slit portion which divides the surface of the plate portion in the fuel flowing direction.

Abstract: A HHO electrolysis cell mounted in a vehicle for creating hydrogen The hydrogen is mixed with a vehicle's fuel supply for increased fuel mileage. The electrolysis cell includes a cell housing for holding water. A plurality of positive electrode plates are mounted inside the cell housing and attached to a positive pole mounted on top of the cell housing. The positive pole is adapted for connection to a vehicle's electrical source. A plurality of negative electrode plates are mounted inside the housing and indexed in a spaced relationship between each of the positive electrode plates. The negative electrode plates are attached to a negative pole mounted on top of the cell housing. The negative pole is also adapted for connection to a vehicle's electrical source. The negative electrode plates are attached to a moveable plate rod mounted inside the cell housing. One end of the moveable rod is adapted for attachment to a linkage assembly connected to a vehicle's fuel system.

Abstract: The invention provides methods of providing fuel to an internal combustion engine, fuel systems for an internal combustion engine and a fuel injector for an internal combustion engine. Ammonia may be heated and pressurized to a selected condition and may used as fuel which is supplemented with hydrogen to assist with ignition, flame propagation, and/or combustion speed.

Abstract: Improved internal combustion engine power systems (e.g., those used to generate mechanical or electrical power in vehicular applications) that utilize a reformed alcohol fuel comprising a hydrogen-containing gas mixture, and more particularly, the efficient operation of such engines and power systems are disclosed. Modes of operating the engine power systems that provide faster startup and lower cost and emissions are provided. In various preferred embodiments, the internal combustion engine power systems include dilution of the intake fluid mixture introduced into the combustion chamber or cylinder of the engine using recirculated exhaust gas and/or excess combustion air as the diluent, use of blends of ethanol reformate and unreformed ethanol as fuel and aftertreatment of the exhaust gas discharged from the cylinder using a lean NOx trap.

Abstract: A hydrogen system for internal combustion engines, comprising a housing assembly having at least three internal chambers divided by at least two dividing plates. The two dividing plates include a lower dividing plate and an upper dividing plate. Each comprises a plurality of through holes to allow aqueous solution to flow and circulate through the three internal chambers. A hydrogen generator is mounted onto the housing assembly at a predetermined angle. The hydrogen generator comprises a first predetermined number of negative charged plates, a second predetermined number of neutral plates, and a third predetermined number of positive charged plates. The hydrogen generator generates oxygen and hydrogen gas for use in an internal combustion engine to improve combustion efficiency and to decrease emissions. The hydrogen generator serves as an electrolysis cell to generate the oxygen and hydrogen gas with electric current from a power source being passed through the aqueous solution.

Abstract: Compressor 107 which compresses the supplied air, burner 102 which mixes the compressed air compressed by compressor 107, and fuel gas, and burns the mixed gas, turbine 106 which generates driving force using the expansion force at the time of combustion of the fuel gas in burner 102, and compressed air, gas generation equipment 101 made to generate hydrogen gas and oxygen gas by electrolyzing water, gas generation equipment 101 is connected through the distribution unit 200 or directly to burner 102, and it has transfer pipe 113 supplied to a burner by making hydrogen gas and oxygen gas into fuel gas, compressor 107 compresses air with the power generated in turbine 106.

Abstract: Various systems and methods are described for controlling a dual-fuel engine that has an evaporated gas providing device for providing an evaporated gas into the engine and is operable with hydrocarbon fuel or non-hydrocarbon fuel, alternatively. One example method comprises operating the engine with one of the fuels on the basis of a driver's request, and in response to a determination of a cold engine operation, operating the engine with the non-hydrocarbon fuel for a specified period irrespective of the driver's request. If it is determined that an evaporated fuel is to be provided to the engine while the engine is operating with non-hydrocarbon fuel due the cold engine operation, then switching to operation with hydrocarbon fuel and thereafter providing evaporated fuel into the engine.

Abstract: Provided is an exhaust gas cleaner by which nitrogen oxides contained in an exhaust gas can be efficiently removed in a wide temperature range from a low temperature. The exhaust gas cleaner (10) is for use in purifying the exhaust gas discharged from an internal combustion engine (15) in which fuel is fed under periodical rich or lean conditions and burned. The cleaner (10) comprises: a reforming means (11) which generates a reforming gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide; a means of low-temperature oxidation (12) which contains palladium and which thereby can oxidize and adsorb nitrogen oxides at low temperatures and oxidize the hydrogen and carbon monoxide; and a purifying means (13) which under lean conditions adsorbs nitrogen oxides and which under rich conditions releases the adsorbed nitrogen oxides and removes the released nitrogen oxides with the hydrogen and carbon monoxide present in the channel.

Abstract: A control device for a premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) internal combustion engine is provided, capable of stable operation over a wide operating range. The control device of an engine 1 comprises: a fuel supply means 20 of supplying the main fuel to the engine 1; an hydrogen supply means 30 of supplying reformed gas containing hydrogen; a fuel supply control unit 41 of controlling an injection timing and an injection period of the main fuel supplied from the injector 22 of the fuel supply means 20 based on the PCCI combustion condition of the engine 1; and a hydrogen supply control unit 42 of controlling an injection timing and an injection period of reformed gas from the gas injector 32 of the hydrogen supply means 30 based on the PCCI combustion condition.

Abstract: A method for operating an engine with a fuel reformer is presented. In one embodiment a method for operating an engine by injecting a gaseous fuel and a liquid fuel to at least an engine cylinder is presented. The mixture of an engine cylinder may be diluted with EGR and a fraction of gaseous fuel may be increased relative to a fraction of liquid fuel injected to a cylinder in response to an operator tip-out.

Abstract: A hydrogen generation system for producing hydrogen and injecting the hydrogen as a fuel supplement into the air intake of internal combustion engines. Hydrogen and oxygen is produced with a fuel cell at low temperatures and pressure from water in a supply tank. The hydrogen is directed to the air intake of the engine while the oxygen is vented to the atmosphere. The device is powered by the vehicle battery. The system utilizes an engine sensor that permits power to the system only when the engine is in operation.

Abstract: A hydrogen generation system for producing hydrogen and injecting the hydrogen as a fuel supplement into the air intake of internal combustion engines. Hydrogen and oxygen is produced with a fuel cell at low temperatures and pressure from water in a supply tank. The hydrogen is directed to the air intake of the engine while the oxygen is vented to the atmosphere. The device is powered by the vehicle battery. The system utilizes an engine sensor that permits power to the system only when the engine is in operation.