Abstract: The present application discloses an engine, a fuel system for an engine, and a method of installing the fuel system and converting an engine to operate using a second fuel. In one exemplary embodiment, the fuel system comprises at least one fuel rail for the second fuel, at least one connector attached to the fuel rail and configured to fluidly connect the fuel rail to a second fuel injector, and at least one fuel injector adapter configured to receive a discharge end of the second fuel injector and position the discharge end in fluid communication with at least one of an intake port and a combustion chamber of the engine. The fuel system is configured such that the engine operates using the second fuel without removal or use of the original fuel rails and original fuel injectors.

Abstract: A fuel distributor system for a motor vehicle includes a fuel pipe having an interior space, and at least one receiving tube for receiving an injector. The receiving tube is arranged on the fuel pipe and configured to project into the interior space of the fuel pipe. The receiving tube has an end face formed with an opening for introduction of fuel, and includes a first portion which is arranged in the interior space of the fuel pipe, and a second portion which is arranged outside the fuel pipe. The first portion has an axial dimension which is greater than an axial dimension of the second portion of the receiving tube.

Abstract: A fuel supply system includes a low pressure fuel pump, which suctions and discharges fuel accumulated in a fuel tank, and a high pressure fuel pump, which suctions and discharges the fuel discharged from the low pressure fuel pump and supplies the fuel to a fuel injection valve installed in an internal combustion engine, the low pressure fuel pump, high pressure fuel pump, and fuel injection valve being connected in series, wherein the low pressure fuel pump and high pressure fuel pump are configured in such a way as to be driven or stopped independently of each other, one by each motor, and the pressure of the fuel discharged from the high pressure fuel pump is made variable by a combination of the drive or stop of the low pressure fuel pump and the drive or stop of the high pressure fuel pump.

Abstract: A dual fuel system for an engine includes a plurality of fuel injectors that each include an injector body with a tip component defining a plurality of gas nozzle outlets and a plurality of liquid nozzle outlets positioned for direct injection into one of the engine cylinders. Each of the fuel injectors is fluidly connected to a gaseous fuel common rail through a quill and an outer passage defined between an inner tube and an outer tube. Each of the fuel injectors is fluidly connected to a liquid fuel common rail through the quill and an inner passage defined by the inner tube. Each combination of an inner tube and outer tube extend into the engine housing between the quill and one of the fuel injectors. Each of the inner tubes extends through one of the outer tubes and is compressed between a conical seat on the quill and a conical seat on one of the fuel injectors.

Abstract: A fuel injection system is described, and which has an upstream portion and a downstream portion. The upstream portion includes a source of fuel, the fuel inlet of a fuel injection servo or flow regulator, and a first fuel flow line connected in fuel flowing relation relative to the source of fuel and to the fuel inlet of the fuel injection servo. The downstream portion includes a flow divider, at least one fuel outlet of the fuel injection servo, and a second fuel flow line connected in fuel flowing relation relative to the flow divider and the fuel outlet of the fuel injection servo. A fuel accumulator pressure damper is mounted in fuel flowing relation relative to the downstream portion of the fuel injection system so as to substantially reduce standing waves in the fuel injection system.

Abstract: A low-pressure circuit for a fuel injection system, such as a common-rail injection system, includes a predelivery pump by means of which fuel can be drawn out of the fuel tank and supplied via a fuel line to a low-pressure region of a high-pressure pump. A metering unit for flow rate regulation is located in the low-pressure region, a zero-delivery line with a zero-delivery throttle branches off downstream of the metering unit, and an overflow line with an overflow valve branches off upstream of the metering unit. There is located in the zero-delivery line a shut-off element, which can be switched between an open position and a closed position, for the selective opening or blocking of the zero-delivery line.

Abstract: An injection rail for automotive systems with engine fuelled by a gas engine, especially dual-fuelled diesel-natural gas systems, comprising a main body including a gas inlet duct, a mixing chamber and a plurality of gas outlet nozzles communicating with the mixing chamber and suitable for being connected to the engine. A plurality of gas interception injectors is associated with the inlet duct. Each injector has an inlet passage communicating with the gas inlet duct and an outlet passage leading into the mixing chamber.

Abstract: The invention relates to an injector, in particular, a common-rail injector for injection of fuel into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. An injection valve element, adjustable between a closed position and an open position, is controllable by means of a control valve. The control valve has a control valve element, adjustable between a closed position and an open position by means of an actuator, which in the closed position is an at least almost pressure-equalized and has a sealing line which cooperates in a sealing manner with a control valve seat. The sealing line of the control valve element is lifted off the control valve seat in the open position and hence opens fuel flow from a high pressure region to a low pressure region of the injector. According to the invention, the control valve element has a support region extending over the sealing line in a radial direction to the high pressure region.

Abstract: A dual fuel engine powers a machine by burning natural gas and liquid diesel fuel. When operating in a low load mode, some of the engine cylinders are fueled with a high ratio of diesel/gas, and the remaining cylinders are unfueled. When operating in a high load mode, all of the engine cylinders are fueled with a low ratio of diesel/gas. When operating in a limp home mode, the fuel injectors are configured to inject only diesel fuel into all of the plurality of engine cylinders.

Abstract: In one aspect, a common rail fuel system includes a plurality of fuel injectors that each include an injector body defining a first fuel inlet fluidly connected to a first common rail and a second fuel inlet fluidly connected to a second common rail. Liquid fuel injection from a first nozzle outlet set is facilitated by energizing a first electrical actuator to open a direct operated check. Injection of gaseous fuel from a second nozzle outlet set is facilitated by energizing a second electrical actuator to open an admission valve to flood a gaseous nozzle chamber with high pressure gaseous fuel above a valve opening pressure that opens a conventional spring biased check to facilitate gaseous fuel injection out of second nozzle outlet set.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for determining the idle travel of a piezo-injector which has a piezo-actuator and a nozzle needle which is activated directly by the piezo-actuator. A test pulse is applied to the piezo-actuator, which pulse brings about a continuous increase in the piezo-travel. The time period is measured which passes between the starting of the test pulse and the time when the idle travel is overcome. The idle travel of the piezo-injector is then determined from the measured time period.

Abstract: A method for activating fuel by saturating the fuel with a gas and delivering the saturated fuel to an internal combustion engine for combustion is provided. Fuel from a fuel tank is delivered to an absorber and gas is directed into the absorber, mixing with the dispersed fuel to form an activated fuel. Activated fuel is directed to a fuel rail by a low pressure pump through a pressure regulating valve and Y-connector. Excess fuel from the engine is directed to a separator through a heat exchanger and then through a pressure regulator and is mixed with fresh activated fuel from the absorber. Released gas is separated in a gas separator. The system runs independently and can be easily turned off and switched to the base fuel supply. If the system loses power, it automatically switches to the base fuel supply system without any interruption of engine operation.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a control device of a spark-ignition gasoline engine. When an operating state of an engine body is within a low engine speed range, a controller operates a fuel pressure variable mechanism so that a fuel pressure is higher within a high engine load range compared to a low engine load range, the controller operates, within the high engine load range, a fuel injection mechanism to perform at least a fuel injection into the cylinder by a cylinder internal injection valve at a timing during a retard period from a late stage of a compression stroke to an early stage of an expansion stroke, and the controller operates, within the high engine load range, an ignition plug to ignite at a timing during the retard period and after the fuel injection.

Abstract: An injection system for an internal combustion engine has a prefeed pump for delivering fuel from a fuel tank, a high pressure pump for delivering the fuel to a fuel accumulator arranged downstream of the prefeed pump, an accumulator return line arranged downstream of the fuel accumulator and used to return the fuel from the fuel accumulator to the fuel tank, and a valve arranged in the accumulator return line and by which the fuel can be optionally supplied to the fuel tank or to a tank bypass line which hydraulically leads to a point between the prefeed pump and the high pressure pump. A pressure relief valve is arranged in the accumulator return line downstream of the valve and upstream of the fuel tank. The pressure relief valve is suitably designed to allow adjustment of a fuel pressure in the accumulator return line upstream of the pressure relief valve.

Abstract: An apparatus (200) for controlling a high pressure common rail system of a diesel engine comprises an operation condition parameter acquiring module (201) configured to acquire operation condition parameters associated with the high pressure common rail system; a control quantity determining module (202) coupled with the operation condition parameter acquiring (201) module and configured to determine a control quantity for controlling the high-pressure common rail system based on the operation condition parameters, a target value of the fuel pressure within a high pressure common rail tube cavity and a control model designed based on a system physical model, wherein the control quantity is an equivalent cross-section area of the electromagnetic valve of a flow metering unit; and a drive signal determining module (203) coupled to the control quantity determining module (202) and configured to determine a drive signal for driving the flow metering unit based on the determined control quantity.

Abstract: A dual fuel compression ignition engine operates by injecting gaseous fuel and liquid diesel fuel from a common fuel injector directly into each engine cylinder. The gaseous fuel is ignited by compression igniting a small pilot injection quantity of the liquid diesel fuel. Evaporated natural gas from a cryogenic tank and/or a fuel conditioning module is dosed into an intake manifold of the engine with an electronically controlled supply valve. The electronically controlled supply valve may open to supply evaporated gas to the intake manifold contingent upon combustion conditions in the engine cylinder demonstrating a low risk of methane slip, and the dosing quantities are limited to reduce risk of ignition of an air/gas mixture in the intake manifold.

Abstract: A fuel injector with an anti-rotation clip for use in conjunction with a twist lock fuel injector inserted into a receiving fuel cup. The clip includes at least one connector leg which extends at least partially over the electrical connector for the fuel injector and locks the clip against rotation relative to the fuel injector electrical connector. A protrusion on a fuel cup arm engages a notch formed in the fuel cup to lock the arm against rotation relative to the fuel cup.

Abstract: A dual fuel injector utilizes first and second control valves to open and close first and second nozzle outlet sets to inject a first fuel and a second fuel, respectively. The first and second control valves have concentric lines of action. The two fuels may differ in at least one of chemical identity, matter phase and pressure.

Abstract: A dual fuel common rail engine supplies pressurized natural gas and liquid diesel fuel at different pressures through a co-axial quill assembly for direct injection from a single fuel injector into an engine cylinder. Each coaxial quill assembly includes a matched pair of inner and outer quills that are chosen to have dimensions that allow both quills to sealingly engage each fuel injector at a common conical seat responsive to a clamping force applied along an axis. Matched pairs of inner and outer quills are retained together during pre-installation handling with a retainer that is left between the inner and outer quills after installation in an engine.

Abstract: In an adjustment device of a high-pressure pump for increasing a pressure of a fuel supplied from a feed pump and pressure-feeding the fuel, the adjustment device includes: an inlet valve changing a communication state between a cylinder provided in the high-pressure pump and a feed pump communication path through which the fuel supplied by the feed pump flows, and adjusting an injection amount of the high-pressure pump; a spring member biasing the inlet valve to a closing side; a closing portion, operated by energization, for allowing the inlet valve to move in a closing direction; and a compression amount adjustment member changing a compression amount of the spring member depending on a feed pressure of the feed pump.

Abstract: As one example, a fuel rail assembly for supplying pressurized fuel to a plurality of cylinders of an engine is provided. The fuel rail assembly includes a fuel rail housing defining an internal fuel rail volume having at least a first region and a second region; a fuel separation membrane element disposed within the fuel rail housing that segregates the first region from the second region. The membrane element can be configured to pass a first component of a fuel mixture such as an alcohol through the membrane element from the first region to the second region at a higher rate than a second component of the fuel mixture such as a hydrocarbon. The separated alcohol and hydrocarbon components can be provided to the engine in varying relative amounts based on operating conditions.

Abstract: An apparatus (200) for controlling the rail pressure of the high-pressure common-rail tube cavity of the high-pressure common-rail fuel system of an engine, comprising an operation condition acquiring device (202), which is used for acquiring operation conditions associated with the high-pressure common-rail fuel system of the engine; a fuel quantity metering valve equivalent cross-sectional area determining device (204) coupled with the operation condition acquiring device (202), which is used for determining an equivalent cross-sectional area of the fuel quantity metering valve (210) by a linear physical model (212) of fuel quantity metering valve equivalent cross-sectional area based on an acquired operation condition and a target value of the rail pressure of the high-pressure common-rail tube cavity; a signal generating device (206) coupled with the fuel quantity metering valve equivalent cross-sectional area determining device (204), which used for generating a driving signal (208) for controlling the e

Abstract: A fuel pump and method for draining such and for providing a lubrication fluid sump level for startup of the fuel pump are disclosed. The fuel pump may comprise a housing, a first plunger apparatus, and a camshaft rotatably mounted in the housing. The camshaft has a first end and a second end and may define a bore extending from the first end to the second end. The camshaft may include a first interface operatively connected to the first plunger apparatus.

Abstract: There are provided a multi-layer piezoelectric element which is capable of suppression of occurrence of an imperfect area, suffers from no development of leakage current even with moisture intrusion, has long-term freedom from variations in displacement and can achieve stable driving, as well as to provide a piezoelectric actuator, an injection device, and a fuel injection system provided with the multi-layer piezoelectric element. A multi-layer piezoelectric element includes a stacked body in which piezoelectric layers and internal electrodes acting as positive and negative internal electrodes are laminated; an inorganic coating attached to a side surface of the stacked body where ends of both the positive internal electrodes and the negative internal electrodes are exposed; and metal particles composed predominantly of a metal element contained in the internal electrodes, the metal particles dispersed in the inorganic coating.

Abstract: There are provided a multi-layer piezoelectric element that is driven stably for a long period of time without developing cracks in a junction between a metallized layer and a lead member or a stacked body, and an injection device and a fuel injection system provided with the same. A multi-layer piezoelectric element includes a stacked body in which piezoelectric layers and internal electrodes are laminated; a metallized layer disposed on a side surface of the stacked body, the metalized layer being electrically connected to the internal electrodes; and an external electrode member disposed on the metallized layer, with an electrically-conductive adhesive layer interposed therebetween, wherein the electrically-conductive adhesive layer has a plurality of voids configured not to open on a surface thereof which surface is in contact with the metallized layer.

Abstract: A flange device for an air induction device of an internal combustion engine may include a housing of plastic having at least one inlet channel for each cylinder of the internal combustion engine. A fuel distribution rail of metal may have a connection for each cylinder for connecting a fuel injector, wherein the housing may have a flange that surrounds the outlet openings of the inlet channels and be configured to fasten the housing on the internal combustion engine. The housing may have a plurality of bridge sections that overlap the fuel distribution rail on a side facing away from the flange. Each bridge section may have a support sleeve arranged distally to the inlet channels and be configured to fasten the respective bridge section on the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A fuel delivery system including a fuel line and a damper. The fuel line extends to a fuel injector and defines a fuel path. The damper is along the fuel path and includes a flexible member and a stop. A first side of the flexible member faces the fuel path and a second side of the flexible member faces the stop.

Abstract: A coaxial quill assembly is used for supplying gaseous and liquid fuels from separate common rails to individual fuel injectors of a compression ignition engine. Each coaxial quill assembly includes a matched pair of an outer quill and an inner quill that are matched based upon a fuel system dimensional specification that causes both the inner and outer quills to sealingly engage a common conical seat of a fuel injector. During pre-installation handling, the matched pair of inner and outer quills are retained together with a retainer.

Abstract: A fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine has a fuel distributor (2), in the interior space (4) of which is formed a high-pressure accumulator, wherein transverse bores (6) open into the interior space (4). The transverse bores (6) are connected by connecting pipes (8a, 8b) to pressure lines (10) for the supply and discharge of fuel. A high-pressure sensor (30) is arranged at the face-side end of the fuel distributor (2), which high-pressure sensor (30) is connected by a measurement bore (30c) to the interior space (4), and a permanent magnet ring is arranged at that face-side end of the interior space (4) which is assigned to the high-pressure sensor (3).

Abstract: The coupling device (40) comprises a holding fixture (30) being designed to be mechanically coupled to the fuel rail and comprising a through hole (42) extending between a first surface (44) and a second surface (46), the second surface (46) opposing the first surface (44) and being arranged and designed to face the cylinder head. Furthermore the coupling device (40) comprises a fastening element (48) being designed to be fixedly coupled to the cylinder head. The fastening element (48) comprises a head portion (50) and a shank portion (52). The head portion (50) faces the first surface (44) of the holding fixture (30) and the shank portion (52) is being partially arranged in the through hole (42) and is designed to be in engagement with the cylinder head.

Abstract: An injector system which is in particular used as an injector block for fuel injection systems of mixture-compressing, spark-ignited internal combustion engines includes a fuel distribution rail, a counter bracket, a first injector, and at least one second injector. Here, the counter bracket has a first connecting piece and a second connecting piece. The first injector is joined to the counter bracket on an input side of the first connecting piece with the aid of an elastic sealing ring. The second injector is joined to the counter bracket on an input side of the second connecting piece with the aid of an elastic sealing ring. In this case, the counter bracket is connected to the fuel distribution rail. The fuel distribution rail is used for distributing compressed natural gas to the injectors. The injector system has a compact design.

Abstract: A fuel injection device includes a rail having at least one outflow opening, at least one injector situated on the rail, a connecting piece situated on the injector, and a flange element for fastening the injector on the rail. The flange element includes a central opening through which the connecting piece is guided. A metal-metal sealing is provided between the connecting piece and the rail. The connecting piece is designed in one piece with an undercut, and the flange element engages with the undercut of the connecting piece. The connecting piece presses against the rail in a sealing manner .

Abstract: An engine system is disclosed that combusts both gaseous and diesel fuels. The system includes a diesel reservoir in communication with an internal combustion engine via a diesel rail. The system also includes a liquefied gaseous fuel reservoir in communication with the internal combustion engine via a gaseous fuel rail. The gaseous fuel and diesel rails both are in communication with a pressure control device. The pressure control device measures the pressure differential between the gaseous fuel and diesel rails. If the pressure differential exceeds a desired range, the pressure control device vents gaseous fuel from the gaseous fuel rail to a spark ignited engine, where the vent gas is used as fuel. The spark ignited engine then converts the vented gaseous fuel to useful work.

Abstract: A fluid accumulator arrangement suitable for use with a compression ignition internal-combustion engine comprising a first storage volume, a second storage volume, and valve means fluidly connected between the first storage volume and the second storage volume. In one embodiment, the valve means is a three-way control valve wherein, in a first position, the first storage volume communicates with the second storage volume, in a second position the first storage volume is isolated from the second storage volume and, in a third position, one of the first or second storage volumes communicates with a low pressure drain. The arrangement may also include control means to operate the valve means in accordance with predetermined control strategies.

Abstract: A dual fuel common rail engine supplies pressurized natural gas and liquid diesel fuel at different pressures through a co-axial quill assembly for direct injection from a single fuel injector into an engine cylinder. Pressure waves in the gaseous fuel common rail are damped in a pressure damping chamber of the co-axial quill assembly before the pressure wave can undermine consistent gaseous fuel injection rates and quantities from the fuel injector.

Abstract: A fuel-pumping system for a fuel includes at least one reservoir providing a first volume for the fuel and a second volume fur a compression fluid, a separator membrane between the first volume and the second volume, an inlet port of the at least one reservoir for feeding the fuel to the first volume, an outlet port of the at least one reservoir for discharging the fuel at a high pressure from the first volume, a fluid port of the at least one reservoir for supplying or removing the compression fluid to or from the second volume. An operating method and a fuel-injection system are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method refreshes an injection law of a fuel injector to be tested in an injection system. The method comprises steps of establishing a desired fuel quantity for the fuel injector to be tested, performing at least one first measurement opening of the fuel injector to be tested in a test actuation time, determining a pressure drop in a common rail during the first measurement opening of the fuel injector to be tested, determining a first fuel quantity that is fed during the first measurement opening, calculating a second fuel quantity as a difference between the desired fuel quantity and the first fuel quantity, and performing a second completion opening of the fuel injector to be tested for feeding the second fuel quantity needed to reach the desired fuel quantity.

Abstract: A tubular pressure accumulator which is used, in particular, as a fuel distribution rail for a mixture-compressing, spark-ignited internal combustion engine includes a tubularly bent metal wall. In this way, longitudinal sides, which are assigned to one another, of tubularly bent metal wall are connected to one another through a weld. Furthermore, the tubularly bent metal wall has at least one design feature implemented by the machining of the flat metal wall and the bending of metal wall, which take place prior to the welding.

Abstract: An injection device for a fluid, in particular for fuel, with has at least one electric and/or electronic control element, at least one valve, at least one first throttle, and a second throttle. The valve can be switched into at least one first throttle position by activating the first throttle and into at least one second throttle position by activating the second throttle. The valve is directly and/or indirectly coupled with the control element such that, by way of an actuating operation of the control element directly and/or indirectly, the valve can be switched from the first into the second throttle position and/or vice versa. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a common-rail injection system, an internal combustion engine, a motor vehicle, a ship, and a method for injecting a fluid.

Abstract: A dual fuel injector in a dual common rail fuel system includes an injector body defining a liquid fuel supply passage to a liquid fuel nozzle outlet, and a gaseous fuel supply passage to a gaseous fuel nozzle outlet. A liquid fuel needle check is movable within the injector body and has an opening hydraulic surface exposed to a fuel pressure of a liquid fuel common rail. A gaseous fuel needle check is positioned side by side with the liquid fuel needle check and has an opening hydraulic surface exposed to the fuel pressure of the liquid fuel common rail. Sensitivity to differences in gaseous fuel rail pressure and liquid fuel rail pressure is reduced by the design.

Abstract: A functional module includes: a mounting plate (2) for fluid tight attachment to the cylinder head of an internal combustion engine, incorporating portions (3) of air tract, and an injection set provided with support and attachment legs (6?) intended to rest directly on the cylinder head (7) notably at a first group of points of attachment (8) thereof. The mounting plate (2) is provided with primary attachment sites (9) intended to collaborate with a second group of points of attachment (8?) of the cylinder head (7), and with secondary attachment sites (9?) corresponding to at least some of the points of attachment (8) of the first group belonging to the cylinder head (7), the secondary attachment sites (9?) of the mounting plate (2) being intended to be positioned over the top of at least some of the legs (6?).

Abstract: A closure bolt for an injector of a modular common-rail fuel injection system includes at least one high-pressure port for high-pressure fuel and a bolt-like portion which is configured to be inserted into an opening of the injector and which has a first, preferably conical, sealing surface for closing the opening in a high-pressure-tight manner. The bolt-like portion has a high-pressure bore which is hydraulically connected to the high-pressure port and which issues into the injector. The closure bolt further includes a throughflow limiter configured to limit the flow rate of fuel delivered into the injector. The bolt-like portion has an insert in which the throughflow limiter is formed and which bears the first sealing surface.

Abstract: A fuel injection apparatus for a piston engine includes a fuel injector body in which an injector needle is provided, which injector needle is arranged to prevent or allow fuel injection flow from the injection apparatus based on the position of the injector needle. The position is effected by a pressurized control fluid so that by applying the pressurized control fluid the needle may be urged towards its closed position and by reducing the pressurized control fluid the needle may be allowed to move away from its closed position. The injection apparatus includes a flow path for the control fluid, wherein the flow path for the control fluid comprises a restriction section providing a restriction effect to the control fluid flow. The restriction section includes at least one temperature-effected member providing a temperature-dependent restriction effect.

Abstract: A diesel engine 100 is provided with a common rail type fuel injection device. A controller 14 controls a common rail pressure and an engine control parameter other than the common rail pressure, respectively, to target values that are determined on the basis of the engine load. The controller 14 corrects the engine control parameter other than the common rail pressure when the common rail pressure does not coincide with the target common rail pressure in a transient state of the diesel engine, thereby preventing an air-fuel ratio in the combustion region from becoming lean.

Abstract: Embodiments for indicating fuel rail temperature sensor degradation are provided. In one embodiment, an engine method comprises delivering gaseous fuel to a cylinder based on feedback from a fuel rail temperature sensor, and during select conditions, indicating fuel rail temperature sensor degradation based on a difference between measured fuel rail temperature and an expected temperature. In this way, measured fuel rail temperature may be correlated with other engine temperatures to detect sensor degradation.

Abstract: A pump and rail assembly includes a plurality of quills that are compressed between quill seats on a pump and an output rail. A rail pressure control valve and a rail pressure sensor are attached to respective ends of the output rail. An inlet throttle valve is attached to a housing of the pump and rail assembly. Depending upon the application, the output rail may supply fuel to a first injection bank that includes a plurality of fuel injectors in a first common rail, and a second fuel injection bank that includes a second common rail and a plurality of fuel injectors. Different engines having different numbers of cylinders may use similar pump and rail assemblies that each include a plurality of quills, a plurality of pumping elements positioned in a pump housing and an output rail. The quills for each of the different engine applications are interchangeable but differ in number. In addition, the pumping elements of each of the different engine applications are also interchangeable but differ in number.

Abstract: A fuel injection system is described for injecting slurry fuels into the combustion chamber of a diesel engine, equipped with a fuel common rail, and fitted with a gas to fuel contactor chamber for dissolving supplementary atomizing gas into the continuous phase of the slurry fuel, at high pressure. Each fuel injector comprises a combined double valve for starting and stopping fuel injection, so that slurry fuel containing atomizing gas is only depressurized when injected into the engine combustion chamber, when such depressurization greatly improves fuel atomization and combustion efficiency. In this way small bore, high speed, diesel engines can be efficiently operated on high viscosity, low cost fuels such as tars from tar sands, tars from coal and biomass, and residual petroleum fuels.

Abstract: A fuel injection control device (ECU) for controlling injection supply of fuel to an engine is applied to an injector that has a valve body formed with a fuel injection hole, a needle accommodated in the valve body for opening and closing the injection hole, and a piezoelectric element for driving the needle such that the needle reciprocates and that can continuously adjust an injection rate in accordance with an injection command signal to the piezoelectric element. The fuel injection control device senses a fuel pressure waveform indicating a transition of fuel pressure fluctuation accompanying a predetermined injection of the injector based on an output of a fuel pressure sensor and calculates an injection command signal for approximating a predetermined injection parameter concerning the predetermined injection to a reference value of the parameter based on the sensed fuel pressure waveform.

Abstract: In a method for adapting the performance of a fuel prefeed pump of a motor vehicle which has a common rail injection system and an internal combustion engine, after the ignition is switched on and before the internal combustion engine is started, adaptation values are determined and stored which are assigned to the fuel prefeed pump and describe its individual performance. After the internal combustion engine is started, the stored adaptation values are taken into consideration during the determining of an actuating signal for the prefeed pump.

Abstract: There are provided a multi-layer piezoelectric element which suppresses damage or separation of an external electrode and improves durability, as well as an injection device and a fuel injection system using the multi-layer piezoelectric element. A multi-layer piezoelectric element includes a stacked body including stacked piezoelectric bodies and internal electrodes, a conductor layer disposed coveringly on a side surface of the stacked body so as to be elongated in a stacking direction of the stacked body to electrically connect with ends of the internal electrodes, which are extended to the side surface of the stacked body, and an external electrode disposed on the conductor layer, one end in the stacking direction of the external electrode being a feeding end, a bonded region of the external electrode which is bonded to the conductor layer in an area near the feeding end being covered with a resin.