Abstract: The efficiency of a spark-ignition internal-combustion engine having an adjustable fuel-to-air mixture ratio is improved significantly by reducing the fuel-to-air mixture ratio and increasing compression ratio. The increase in compression ratio and the reduction in fuel-to-air mixture ratio causes the engine to operate at higher efficiency and with lower air pollution levels, and without detrimental engine knock or misfire.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine has at least one pair of first and second cylinders (12, 14) with the first (12) cylinder having a larger swept volume than the second cylinder (14) and respective first and second pistons (16, 18) reciprocable in the cylinders. The second piston (18) has a drive stem (234) and divides the second cylinder into a first volume (15a) containing the drive stem of the second piston and a second volume (15b) between the two pistons. The first cylinder (12) has an air inlet (25) and an exhaust outlet (12). A common combustion space (20) is formed between the pistons when the pistons are substantially at their inner dead center positions, the combustion space comprising the second volume (15b). The engine also has transfer means (38) enabling gas flow between the first and second volumes (15a, 15b) towards the end of the compression stroke of the second piston (18).

Abstract: In a connecting rod of a piston machine which comprises two separate parts which are longitudinally movable relative to one another but operatively interconnected and of which one part is connected to the piston and the other is rotatably mounted on the crank of a crankshaft, the two connecting rod parts are interconnected by a fluid spring structure in which a fluid is utilized as a spring element for operatively interconnecting the connecting rod parts.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having variable intake valve timing to control the compression work performed by the piston, so as to avoid knocking operation while allowing maximum use of exhaust energy in the event that the engine is equipped with a turbocharger.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine in which the combustion chamber volume is reduced during the movement of the power piston in its compression and power stroke. This permits delaying the time or maximum combustion pressure, due to the ignition and expansion of the compressed fuel/air charge, until the power piston is well past top dead center (TDC), 35 degrees after TDC for example. One advantage to this mode of operation is that the engine crankshaft journal has moved to a position where the axis of the journal is more offset, compared to at or near TDC, from the axis of rotation of the crankshaft so engine torque is increased. This is accomplished by a pair of half round valving pistons mounted in a bore in the cylinder head. The axis of the cylinder head bore coincides with the axis of the engine block bore in which the power piston moves. A camshaft assembly mounted in the cylinder head includes cam discs that are connected to the valving pistons.

Abstract: A two-cycle diesel engine and means for operating it to improve the performance by increasing the compression ratio by the closing of a supplemental exhaust port under light loads and low speeds. In order to reduce combustion chamber temperature and reduce nitrous oxide emissions, the injection timing is advanced an additional increment during the closing of the supplemental exhaust port. Various control strategies are described which involve either quickly raising the compression ratio and retarding the injection timing.

Abstract: An axial cylinder variable displacement internal combustion engine. In a first embodiment, variable displacement is provided by a cylindrical sleeve that axially receives the hollow drive shaft of the engine. Plural helical slots are formed in the sleeve. Two of the helical slots slidingly receive opposite ends of a pin that carries a wobble plate and a third slot slidably receives a control pin secured to a control piston that reciprocates in response to changes in inlet manifold pressure. Displacement of the control piston thus effects rotation of the sleeve and a change in the angular and axial orientation of the wobble plate. In a second embodiment, a pair of hydraulically operated cylinders, also responsive to inlet manifold pressure, replace the slotted sleeve but perform the same function.

Abstract: This invention relates to internal combustion engines in which the cylinders are arranged parallel to the main shaft and the reciprocating movements of the pistons are converted to rotation by means of a swashplate, and more particularly to means for automatically varying the combustion chamber volume to get at all times the maximum combustion chamber pressure permissible. Various embodiments of the invention are shown and involve changing the compression ratio by the controlled movements of a fluid under the action of the gas pressure in the combustion chambers. The movement of the fluid being controlled variously and in combination by check valves, spring loaded discharge valves and discharge orifices arranged and adjusted to give the required changes in position in accordance with the engine load with the use of spring pressure to maintain a balanced condition in the various arrangements.

Abstract: The invention is directed towards adjusting the combustion ratio of an internal combustion engine. The apparatus has a compensator piston which is selectively hydraulically positioned. The piston is linked to a shock adsorber so as to keep the combustion chamber charge from reaching the pressure detonation limit.

Abstract: A reciprocating piston internal combustion engine with a varying compression ratio comprises a block having at least one piston bore, a piston received in each bore, a head attached to the block and having a dome portion closing the top of each bore and defining with the piston a compression volume when the piston is at top dead center in the bore, a crankcase, a crank rotatably mounted in the crankcase, and a connecting rod coupling each piston to the crank. The block is mounted on the crankcase for pivotal movement about a pivot axis parallel to and spaced apart from the axis of the crank such that the size of the compression volume varies in accordance with the extent of the pivotal movement of the block about the pivot axis. An actuator connected between the block and the crankcase pivots the block about the pivot axis relative to the crankcase in response to at least one signal indicative of at least one operating parameter of the engine.

Abstract: A direct fuel injection internal combustion engine comprises an auxiliary piston in an auxiliary cylinder for modulating sharp pressure rises in the combustion chamber. The main piston has a cavity into which injected fuel is directed. The fuel injection stream and the output from the auxiliary cylinder intersect.

Abstract: The present inventio relates to a valve gear for an internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine has one or more cylinders and a piston reciprocating therein as well as a cylinder head mounted on an upper end of the cylinder. At least one exhaust valve opening into an exhaust channel and at least one suction valve opening into a suction channel are arranged in each cylinder. The valves are operated by transmission of a cam shaft or the like. In accordance with the present invention, the size of a combustion space of the cylinders is adapted to be changed in a force-controlled manner periodically during one crankshaft revolution by way of a movable sleeve fitted around at least one valve. This sleeve is arranged, together with the valve, to penetrate into the combustion space for reducing the combustion space. The sleeve or sleeves can be arranged around the suction valve or valves and/or around the exhaust valve or valves.

Abstract: A variable compression ratio engine has a pair of crankshafts connected by a phase adjuster mechanism operative to change the phase angle between the crankshafts so as to vary the compression ratio of the engine. The phase adjuster mechanism includes two pairs of helical phasing gears. Each of those pairs consists of a gear fixedly mounted on a crankshaft and, operatively engaged therewith, a wider gear fixedly mounted on an axially movable adjuster member. The crankshafts can be arranged in-line or side-by-side in parallel.

Abstract: A variable compression ratio control device includes a mechanism for varying a compression ratio of an engine in response to engine driving conditions, at least between a higher stage and a lower stage, a compression ratio detecting sensor for detecting a current compression ratio, a sensor fault detecting unit for detecting a malfunction of the compression ratio detecting sensor, and a fail-safe unit for lowering and fixing the compression ratio when the sensor fault detecting unit detects a malfunction of the compression ratio detecting sensor.

Abstract: A device for locking rotation of an eccentric bearing used in a compression ratio changing device for an internal combustion engine where rotation of the eccentric bearing interposed between a connecting rod and a piston-pin changes the compression ratio. The device includes at least two groups of lock-pins, lock-pin holes formed in the connecting rod and lock holes formed in the eccentric bearing. The eccentric bearing is always locked in rotation relative to the connecting rod except when the compression ratio is exchanged. The locking of the rotation of the eccentric bearing suppresses slap noises of the piston and abrasion of the sliding surfaces of the device and improves durability of the compression ratio changing device.

Abstract: The invention disclosed herein is a cyclic power mechanism including means providing for a variable dwell between cycles of the mechanism. The mechanism produces energy during each cycle and stores the energy of each cycle for consumption. The variable dwell between cycles is terminated and a new cycle is initiated upon the consumption of a preestablished portion of the stored energy. A preferred embodiment of the mechanism is a free piston engine operation on an Otto cycle. The piston of the engine is restrained after each combustion cycle as the energy of that combustion is stored for use. When a preestablished portion of the stored energy has been consumed, the piston is released and forced into another compression and combustion cycle for further storage of the combustion energy.

Abstract: A cam operated internal combustion engine of piston type positive displacement variety, having novel piston-to-cam connecting means. The pistons are cam operated to optimize the aspiration, combustion and expansion process. Executed in axial and radial cam versions, with alternatively a two cycle, four cycle or novel three cycle mode of operation. The arrangements provide advantages in manufacturing and construction, as well as improved thermal efficiencies.

Abstract: A piston for attentuation of detonation in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine has a top wall accommodating a cap. The cap has a flush extension of the cylindrical portion of the side wall of the piston and a transverse wall projected generally upward from the top wall of the piston. The transverse wall has a convex curve with a radius center located along the outer edge of the top wall of the piston in contiguous relationship to the ignition point of the air/fuel mixture in the combustion chamber. The transverse wall of the cap is located generally normal to the direction and movement of the flame front commencing from the ignition point and provides an abrupt increase in the cross sectional area of the combustion chamber in the direction of travel of the flame front to attenuate detonation in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A yoke type engine wherein the orbital path of the slider is alterable to effect piston stroke and compression ratio changes. A crank component has a crankpin which carries and positions the slider. A boss of the crank component is carried by a control shaft in an offset manner. Timing gears normally drive the control shaft in synchronization with the crankshaft to maintain a constant stroke and compression ratio. Relocation of certain timing gears by an actuator causes the control shaft to rotationally advance or retard to reposition the crank component carried thereby to in turn alter the orbital path of the coaxial crankpin and slider relative to a crankshaft axis. Accordingly, high and low compression orbits for the slider may be effected to best suit engine loads. A variable length throw couples the slider to the crankshaft. The orbital path of the slider provides increased crankshaft leverage over conventional engine arrangements.

Abstract: An automotive engine having an automatically adjusted geometric compression ratio, wherein the charge is compressed to maximum permissible values under all throttle settings. This is achieved by a cylindrical valve carrier, raised or lowered by a screw jack, while valve stem contact is maintained by a fast acting hydraulic valve actuator. The compact arrangement provides an engine profile which is not significantly taller than a standard overhead cam engine.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine, two opposed pistons of equal radius are slidably mounted in a cylinder and respectively connected to cranks of unequal throws mounted for rotation at oppositely disposed cylinder ends in a common crankcase. The pistons are adjustable in opposing linear travel to define a flexible cylinder-head, the relative piston positions of piston proximity establishing a range of compressions therebetween correspondable to the respective compression-ignitions of a plurality of available fluid fuels. The cranks are gear connected and similarly offset from the cylinder's longitudinal centerline to eliminate dead centers, produce higher combustion pressures at more effective crank angles, and coordinate the pistons' relative linear speeds in exhaust, air intake, fuel injection, compression and power production in two cycle operation of the engine.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes a power cylinder, a power piston reciprocating therein and an auxiliary piston reciprocating within an auxiliary cylinder. Passages connect the upper end of the auxiliary cylinder to a combustion chamber and a source of air. Rotating valves or conventional reciprocating valves control the intake of an air/fuel mixture into the supercharging cylinder, transfer the mixture to the main or power cylinder and exhaust combusted gases from the main cylinder. An expansion chamber is placed in communication with the power cylinder at the beginning of the power stroke to permit an overcharge of air/fuel mixture to be transferred to the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A rotary valve for an internal combustion engine is provided in the upper end of a cylinder to control intake and exhaust. A combustion chamber is formed in the valve and the valve is movable co-linearly with respect to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder under the control of a hydraulic fluid whereby the combustion forces on the valve are absorbed by the fluid and the valve can move in response to the pressures and vacuums in the cylinder. A special valve is provided for controlling the flow of the hydraulic fluid, and ducts are provided in the inlet and outlet ports with special seals engaging the rotary valve member.

Abstract: A device to fit existing engines for the purpose of increasing compressed fuel-mixture pressure and promoting a compression ratio of the fuel-mixture in an engine to enable the fuel-mixture to burn more perfectly and the engine to works more efficiently.In the prior application of the same petitioner, titled "Pressure Addible Engine" with the same purpose to the invention but built in an unit engine which shall request people to throw the used engine away. In incentive of that, present invention modifies the prior invention into independent device unit, suitably fit to existing gasoline engine or diesel engine and makes the invention to be acceptable popularly.

Abstract: A unique drive for an engine or compressor piston, including an angularly inclined piston wrist pin, an inclined throw along a crankshaft, a piston connecting rod therebetween being additionally slidable along the axes of the wrist pin and throw at each rotation of the crankshaft, and a guide and shift device for sliding the connecting rod for long or short strokes, the device being slideable transversely through an engine cylinder.

Abstract: A swashplate drive in which the plate is tiltable between a minimum angle .alpha. and a maximum angle .alpha. and one or more drive rods each have a drive rod head with two spherical surfaces which are contacted by two sliding bodies, the other, flat side of the bodies engaging two running surfaces on the plate. The running surfaces are spaced apart a selected distance which minimizes variation in play between the plate, sliding bodies and drive rod head.

Abstract: A piston cylinder assembly is disclosed which may be used in new internal combustion engines of various types and which may be used to retrofit existing types of internal combustion engines so as to provide a high thermodynamic cycle efficiency and to substantially reduce the volume of pollutant gases exhausted from the engine. The assembly includes a piston having a centrally positioned generally circular first piston surface which is surrounded by a generally concentric annular second piston surface. The first and second piston surfaces are separated by an annular groove which accommodates a cylindrical wall of a cylinder assembly. The piston reciprocates in the fixed cylinder assembly and cooperates with the cylinder assembly to define an annular expansion/exhaust chamber. Reciprocably mounted with respect to the cylinder assembly is a movable head assembly which cooperates with the cylinder assembly and the piston to define a centrally disposed intake/compression chamber.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a four-cycle, internal combustion engine se pistons have variable strokes, the adjustment of the piston displacement and of the fuel consumption being automatically and continuously realized as a function of the drive shaft load torque.The engine uses an axially annular equidistant location of the cylinders in a cylinder block, comprising an odd number of pistons whose connecting rods are connected, by means of ball joints, with a central oscillating ball, diametrically penetrated by a drive shaft, the ball being sustained by two journal bearings mounted in a gliding bracket. The drive shaft is provided at one of its ends with two oppositely mounted sides that can move along two grooves formed in the inner surfaces of a fork provided at the end of an output shaft, another drive shaft end being coupled directly to a planetary reduction gear box for the control of the intake and exhaust valves.

Abstract: My invention relates to means for and methods of increasing the compression ratio of the cylinders of an overhead valve engine. The means comprises a small plate of metal which is attached to the top face of the piston head. The plates are provided in various sizes so that one size may be selected to increase the compression ratio a predetermined amount.The method comprises removal of the engine head with the overhead valves carried thereby, and the rotation of the crankshaft to bring the pistons in any desired order to substantially top dead center, and to attach the compression-increasing plate to the top face of a piston while it is at top dead center.

Abstract: A two part variable compression ratio (VCR) piston assembly having an outer member movable relative to an inner member to vary the compression ratio of an internal combustion engine and a hydraulic system utilizing oil from the lubrication system of the engine for automatically controlling the relative movement of the members to maintain a predetermined maximum combustion chamber pressure. A hydraulic circuit includes an upper and a lower chamber which expands and contracts conversely upon relative movement of the piston members and a system for supplying oil to the upper chamber and to the lower chamber via the upper chamber and for discharging the oil from the upper chamber in a manner which gradually changes the compression ratio of the piston until a predetermined maximum combustion chamber pressure has been achieved and which tends to maintain the maximum combustion chamber pressure after it has been achieved.