Abstract: An internal combustion engine (1) comprising at least two cylinders (4,8) meeting to form a combustion space (12) therebetween, a first piston (3) adapted to reciprocate within the first cylinder (4) and a second piston (7) adapted to reciprocate within the second cylinder (8). The two pistons are drivably coupled via a chain drive connecting their respective crankshafts and synchronously move one with respect to the other such that the second piston moves at a frequency haft of that of the first piston. An air/fuel mixture inlet aperture (14) as well as an exhaust aperture (15) are located in the wall of the second cylinder (8) and are opened or closed by the movement of the second piston (7).

Abstract: A flexible line trimmer is powered by a two-stroke internal combustion engine. The engine is scavenged in a uniflow fashion and has a scavenging cylinder and an exhaust cylinder connected by a common combustion chamber. Each cylinder has a piston turning one of two cantilevered crankshafts that are geared through adjacent counterweights having integrally formed teeth. The crankshafts extend in opposite directions for self-balancing. One crankshaft is coupled to a flywheel fan and other coupled to a starter. A fuel and air mixture is transferred to a common crankcase for the crankshafts through an intake port located on the exhaust cylinder. The piston of the scavenge cylinder is retarded with respect to the exhaust cylinder. An exhaust window opens prior to a scavenge window. The scavenge window closes after the exhaust window. The exhaust window is shortened to improve crankcase compression. The cylinders are joined in a siamese fashion, fabricated from a single piece, and skewed toward each other.

Abstract: An opposed piston internal combustion engine comprises an output shaft, at least one cylinder, at least one pair of first and second opposed pistons slidable in said cylinder, a first cam connected to the output shaft and a first cam follower assembly connecting the first piston to the first can, a second cam connected to the output shaft and a second cam follower assembly connecting the second piston to the second cam, an intake valve comprising a slide valve obtained by first piston covering and uncovering an intake port provided in a sidewall of the cylinder at a first end of the cylinder, and an exhaust valve comprising a slide valve obtained by the second piston covering and uncovering an exhaust port provided in the sidewall of the cylinder at a second opposite end of the cylinder, the first and second cams cooperating to provide a cycle of relative movements between the pistons and of valve actions giving rise to five cycles of (i) intake, (ii) compression, (iii) expansion, (iv) exhaust, and (v) return

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is provided having opposed pistons operating in axially spaced relation within common power cylinders. Opposed heads of the pistons define a space within which occurs a cycle of compression, ignition, combustion, and expansion. One piston controls exhaust ports, and the other piston controls air injection and fuel-air charge injection ports. Additional air injection ports, and associated supply passages or tubes, are provided to admit compressed air over the head of the exhaust piston to cool the exhaust piston head and also form a gas flow inhibiting region below the exhaust port, near the end of the power/exhaust stroke. Rotary valves control the in-flow of air and air-fuel charge to charging cylinders. Air injection ports have an optional improved construction to enhance air injection into the power cylinders. Throttle valves controlling flow of air into purge air charging cylinders are provided as an option.

Abstract: Presented is an internal combustion engine that utilizes horizontally opposed pistons operating in direct opposition to one another in axially aligned open ended cylinders suspended below a base plate and arranged generally symmetrically on opposite sides of a vertical plane coincident with the rotational axis of a longitudinally extending main power crankshaft also suspended for rotation below the base plate. A pair of auxiliary crankshafts are provided spaced on opposite sides of the vertical plane and having rotational axes that lie in a common plane below and parallel with the plane of the base plate and coincident with the longitudinal axis of the cylinders. A cam shaft is provided to be driven by at least one of the auxiliary crankshafts in timed sequence with linear displacement of the pistons and operation of poppet-type intake and exhaust valves actuated by the cam shaft to admit a fuel mixture into the combustion chamber defined by the juxtaposed heads of the pistons.

Abstract: An improved high pressure, high r.p.m.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having a pair of opposed pistons in a block has a piston connected to a respective crankshaft. A gear train synchronizes the speed and relative angular relationship between the crankshafts. A timing actuator, connected to and engaged with either of the crankshafts, permits continuous selective adjustment of the headspace between the pistons by varying parameters such as intake and exhaust port timing and air flow through the cylinder.

Abstract: A combustion system for internal combustion engines having a cylinder, at least one piston reciprocal in the cylinder and a combustion chamber with three regions for improving the combustion process, the piston having a piston head with an outer perimeter portion, a central recessed portion and a baffle with ports arranged over the recessed portion, the piston cooperating with a cylinder head or the head of an opposed piston to form an induction region that diminishes in volume as the piston approaches top dead center forcing gases in the combustion chamber through a central region defined primarily by the ports in the baffle to the dispersing region in the recessed portion of the piston, and a fuel injection system with an injector that delivers a staged series of fuel pulses in each cycle.

Abstract: Each main cylinder (10) of an internal combustion engine is provided with a smaller idle cylinder (12). Pistons (14, 20) in the cylinders (10, 12) are operated substantially in unison and are driven by crank shafts (18, 24) which are mechanically connected (26). A fuel air charge is compressed within the idle cylinder (12). Then, it is ignited within an ignition passageway (60). The ignited mixture is injected into a center region of the combustion chamber (58) of the main cylinder (10). A relatively lean fuel-air mixture is delivered by a duct (54) into the combustion chamber (58) as a swirling stream. Air alone is delivered by duct (56) into the combustion chamber around the swirling fuel-air stream from duct (54). The ignited gases from passageway (60) ignites the fuel air mixture in combustion chamber (58).

Abstract: A compound rotary-reciprocal engine with multiple cylinders of a reciprocator component coupled to a positive displacement, rotary compressor-expander, with systems for coordinating the cycle timing of each cylinder with the timing of the rotary compressor-expander and with systems enabling the efficient operation of the coupled components as a unitary engine in a wide range of operating conditions.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having a pair of opposed pistons in a block has a piston connected to a respective crankshaft. A gear train synchronizes the speed and relative angular relationship between the crankshafts. A timing actuator, connected to and engaged with either of the crankshafts, permits continuous selective adjustment of the headspace between the pistons by varying parameters such as intake and exhaust port timing and air flow through the cylinder.

Abstract: A compound rotary-reciprocal engine with multiple cylinders of a reciprocator component coupled to a positive displacement, rotary compressor-expander, with systems for coordinating the cycle timing of each cylinder with the timing of the rotary compressor-expander and with systems enabling the efficient operation of the coupled components as a unitary engine in a wide range of operating conditions.

Abstract: A multi-cylinder gas engine featuring a unique method of gas fuel intake and cylinder exhaust gas scavenging and recharging. It is a three cylinder opposed piston two-stroke cycle engine combined with a three cylinder opposed piston, sequentially ported, valveless pump to produce a three-stroke cycle engine effect. The engine has a positive compression, power, and recharge strokes, but no actual exhaust stroke. Exhaust is accomplished by pressure "blowdown" and by displacement scavenging of the cylinders during the recharge stroke. Operation may be based on the Otto cycle (gasoline or fuel, glow plug or spark ignition) or the diesel cycle and may utilize one or more carburetors or fuel injection. The firing order is sequential, in the same direction as crankshaft rotation, equally spaced (120 degrees), and results in three power strokes of approximately 120 degrees duration per revolution. A pump is also described.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having a cylinder, a piston reciprocally movable in the cylinder, the cylinder and piston defining in part a chamber for combustion, intake means for introducing air into the cylinder at predetermined intervals, exhaust means for removing combustion gases from the cylinder at predetermined intervals, and a regenerator liner in at least a part of the chamber, the liner having a structure with surfaces defining a plurality of regenerative cells constructed to cyclically admit, hold and discharge compressed air from the cylinder for thermally insulating the cylinder from the heat of combustion, the engine including a mechanism to maintain the piston displaced from the cylinder to avoid contact of the piston with the liner and including a positive displacement, rotary compressor-expander to precompress air delivered to the piston cylinder and receive combustion gases from the cylinder to drive the compressor-expander.

Abstract: A hyper-expansion internal combustion engine operable using a cycle having expansion, exhaust, intake and compression phases comprising at least one pair of opposed pistons which reciprocate in cylinder portions which are in fluid communication with each other via a common combustion chamber, the pistons being coupled to respective cam elements engaged with a common output shaft for converting the reciprocating motion of the pistons into rotational motion, the cylinder portions having intake and exhaust ports in the cylinder walls arranged such that each intake port is engaged by one piston and each exhaust port is engaged by the respective opposed piston; and the cam elements are provided with different cam profiles which are arranged to cause the respective pistons to uncover the respective exhaust and inlet ports so as to produce a sufficient increase in the effective volume of the expansion phase with respect to the intake phase to give hyper-expansion.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine including: a cylinder, a combustion chamber in the cylinder, two opposed pistons within the cylinder and relatively movable towards and away from each other. The combustion chamber is defined between the two pistons. Each piston has an inner side defining a movable wall of the combustion chamber and also has an outer side. Two rotary output shafts extend generally transverse to the axial direction of movement of the pistons. The pistons are freely independently movable within the cylinder. An eccentric cam portion is provided on each output shaft so as to be rotatable therewith and each piston has a cam follower portion in the form of a rotary member on the outer side thereof. Each cam follower portion is arranged to bear against the associated eccentric cam portion of the respective output shaft so as to transmit outwardly directed gas forces arising within the combustion chamber and acting on the piston inner sides to the accentric cam portions so as to drive the output shafts.

Abstract: A two-stroke cycle gasoline engine, comprising a power cylinder-piston assembly having a scavenging port configuration including a first scavenging port configuration first uncovered by the power piston as it moves along the power cylinder from its top dead center to its bottom dead center and a second scavenging port configuration uncovered by the power piston as it moves from its top dead center to its bottom dead center immediately after said power piston has completed uncovering the first scavenging port configuration, wherein the general rate relative to piston position in the power cylinder of uncovering of the area of the first scavenging port configuration is substantially lower than that of the second scavenging port configuration, so that the idling and low-load performance of the engine is substantially improved by improving scavenging.

Abstract: Each cylinder is surrounded by four annular channels. The first three annular channels are in communication with the interior volume of the cylinder through a plurality of spaced apart openings and with a transfer channel connecting the opposite ends of the interior volume of the cylinder. The fourth annular channel is in communication with the interior volume of the cylinder through a plurality of spaced apart openings and with the exhaust pipe. The transfer channel has its wall formed with a plurality of spaced apart apertures therethrough, these apertures being distributed lengthwise of the transfer channel, such that they put the transfer channel in communication with the intake pipe, the apertures being provided each with a one-way low-inertial inlet device for allowing a high rate air flow to be aspirated into the cylinder with substantially no flow back towards the intake pipe.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine adapted to be powered by a burnable gaseous fuel includes one cylinder, first and second pistons reciprocally movable in the cylinder substantially in opposite directions, inlet and outlet valves for controlling the flow of the gaseous fuel into the cylinder, and the exhaust of the burnt fuel therefrom, respectively, and a linkage device connected to the pistons for converting the reciprocating movement thereof into a rotary movement.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine utilizing either an Otto or a Diesel cycle contains two opposed pistons in each cylinder. The first piston drives a crank arm which drives a crankshaft. The crankshaft, through a timing means, drives an eccentric positive-motion cam which drives a movable cylinder head piston. The positive-motion cam drives the movable cylinder head piston via two roller followers, placed on opposite sides of the axis of rotation of the cam. The first piston functions as a driving piston. The movable cylinder head piston changes the volume in the cylinder between the pistons as a function of the movement and position of the first piston.

Abstract: A two-stroke cycle gasoline engine including at least one two-stroke cycle power cylinder-piston assembly incorporating uniflow scavenging and two horizontally opposed pistons and two crankcases to perform crankcase compression, and at least one scavenging pump cylinder-piston assembly of the reciprocating type, wherein the power assembly has main and additional scavenging ports; the pump assembly has a first delivery port which supplies scavenging mixture to one of the crankcases of the power assembly and a second delivery port which supplies scavenging mixture directly to the additional scavenging port, the main scavenging port being supplied with scavenging mixture from the crankcases, wherein the top dead center of the pump assembly is, as viewed in the crank angle diagram, between the bottom dead center and the main scavenging port closing phase point of the power assembly, and wherein a means is provided so as to interrupt the supply of scavenging mixture from the first delivery port of the pump assembl

Abstract: The invention relates to an improvement in a two-stroke internal combustion engine with opposed cylinders of different diameters which communicate by way of a combustion chamber of bell configuration for radially stratifying the rich mixture charge fed tangentially into the minor cylinder and the air charge fed into the major cylinder.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine, two opposed pistons of equal radius are slidably mounted in a cylinder and respectively connected to cranks of unequal throws mounted for rotation at oppositely disposed cylinder ends in a common crankcase. The pistons are adjustable in opposing linear travel to define a flexible cylinder-head, the relative piston positions of piston proximity establishing a range of compressions therebetween correspondable to the respective compression-ignitions of a plurality of available fluid fuels. The cranks are gear connected and similarly offset from the cylinder's longitudinal centerline to eliminate dead centers, produce higher combustion pressures at more effective crank angles, and coordinate the pistons' relative linear speeds in exhaust, air intake, fuel injection, compression and power production in two cycle operation of the engine.

Abstract: A two-stroke cycle gasoline engine including at least one two-stroke cycle uniflow scavenging power cylinder-piston assembly which has a scavenging port configuration which consists of first, second, and third scavenging port configurations which are successively uncovered by the power piston as it moves from its top dead center to its bottom dead center, wherein the first scavenging port configuration has a substantially smaller opening area than the second or the third scavenging port configuration, and the first and the second scavenging port configurations give substantially stronger swirl to fuel-air mixture discharged therefrom than the third scavenging port configuration, which gives substantially no swirl to fuel-air mixture discharged therefrom, and the first and second port configurations are closed when the engine is operating at relatively low load above idling and below a predetermined delivery ratio, such as 0.4.

Abstract: A two-stroke cycle gasoline engine including at least one two-stroke cycle power cylinder-piston assembly adopting uniflow scavenging and incorporating two horizontally opposed pistons, and at least one scavenging pump cylinder-piston assembly of the reciprocating type with or without having crankcase compression, wherein the total stroke volume of the scavenging pump means is 1.35 to 1.85 times as large as that of the power cylinder-piston assembly, and the operational phase of the pump cylinder-piston assembly is shifted from that of the power cylinder-piston assembly by an angle of 180.degree. or a little more.

Abstract: A two-cycle internal combustion engine has a plurality of parallel cylinders supporting a central drive shaft, a piston in each cylinder having an outer extension connected to a swash plate rotatably mounted on an inclined portion of the drive shaft. The swash plate adjacent portions of the drive shaft and the connection of the piston rods to the swash plate are in sealed oil-filled chambers at opposite ends of the cylinders. Ball and socket joints by which the pistons are connected to the swash plates are slidable radially of the swash plate to function as pumps forcing oil from the swash plate chamber through central tubes in hollow extensions into the pistons for lubricating and cooling the pistons and cylinders, after which the oil returns through the hollow piston rods to the oil chamber. Preferably the invention is embodied in an opposed piston engine having swash plates adjacent both ends of the cylinder.

Abstract: A two-stroke cycle gasoline engine including at least one two-stroke cycle power cylinder - piston assembly incorporating uniflow scavenging and two horizontally opposed pistons, and a scavenging structure which gives zero or a relatively weak swirl to the scavenging mixture ejected into the power cylinder so as to effect stratified scavenging of exhaust gases when the engine is operating at relatively low load and which gives a relatively strong swirl to the scavenging mixture ejected into the power cylinder so as to cause high turbulence in the mixture when the engine is operating at relatively high load.

Abstract: A two-stroke cycle gasoline engine including at least one two-stroke cycle power cylinder--piston assembly having two horizontally opposed pistons and incorporating uniflow scavenging, a reciprocating type scavenging pump means including at least one pump cylinder--piston assembly of the reciprocating type driven by the power cylinder--piston assembly in synchronization therewith, wherein the carburetor incorporates, in addition to a normal throttle valve, a control valve which automatically increases its opening as the rotational speed of the engine increases, so that, when it is set to provide its maximum opening at the maximum rotational speed of the engine, it provides gradually reduced opening as the rotational speed of the engine lowers.

Abstract: A two-stroke cycle diesel engine having: at least one two-stroke cycle power cylinder - piston assembly incorporating uniflow scavenging and having two horizontally opposed pistons, at least first and second scavenging ports and two crankcases which may perform crankcase compression; a pump assembly including at least one scavenging pump cylinder - piston assembly of the reciprocating type which is separate from and is driven by the power cylinder - piston assembly; and a scavenging air introducing device which introduces scavenging air compressed by the pump assembly to the first and the second scavenging ports through first and second passage systems, respectively; wherein the first passage system is interrupted before the pump assembly reaches its top dead center so that thereafter the scavenging air compressed by the pump assembly is all supplied to the second scavenging port which is adapted to generate strong swirl flows in the power cylinder when scavenging air at high pressure is supplied in a large a

Abstract: A two-cycle engine including first set of passages formed outside a cylinder connecting a first crank case with scavenging ports for feeding air-fuel mixtures from the first crank case to the cylinder, second set of passages formed outside the cylinder connecting a second crank case with the scavenging ports for feeding air-fuel mixtures from the second crank case to the cylinder, and scavenging gas merging chamber cooperative with the first and second sets of passages and located upstream of the scavenging ports for restricting flow of air-fuel mixtures in vicinity of the scavenging ports. First and second pistons are mounted in opposed relation to each other in the cylinder, the first piston opening and closing an exhaust port and the second piston opening and closing the scavenging ports.

Abstract: In a uniflow, double-opposed piston type two-cycle internal combustion engine of the type having first and second crank chambers attached to the ends of a cylinder, first and second pistons disposed in the first and second crank chambers, respectively, and slidably fitted into the cylinder so as to move toward and away from each other, an exhaust port formed through the cylinder wall and opened and closed by the first piston, and a plurality of scavenging ports formed through the cylinder wall and opened and closed by the second piston, an improvement comprising means for feeding the rich air-fuel mixture to some of the scavenging ports, means for feeding the lean air-fuel mixture or the air to the remaining scavenging ports, and the lean mixture or air scavenging ports being uncovered and opened earlier than the rich mixture scavenging ports, whereby the scavenging efficiency may be improved and the amount of air-fuel mixture escaping through the exhaust port together with the combustion products may be mini

Abstract: A split four-cycle engine in which the cylinders are arranged in pairs. The intake and compression strokes take place in one cylinder. The power and exhaust strokes take place in the other cylinder. The cylinders are connected by a passageway which is controlled by valves. The valves permit gases which are compressed in one cylinder to be transferred to the second cylinder where they can be burned to produce power. The pistons in the two cylinders are connected to separate cranks. These cranks are connected by a set of differential gears in a manner which will cause any change in the angular position of the rotor of the gears to change the phase relation between the cranks. This will be converted into a change in the compression ratio of the engine in a manner which will be described in detail later.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having at least one cylinder in which at least one piston is reciprocable; the air, or air and fuel, induction being by means of an inlet port giving rise to helical flow of air, or air and fuel within the cylinder. In one form, the inlet port is substantially tangential to the cylinder. The cylinder may have a pair of pistons therein movable in unison to adjacent top dead center positions wherein they define with the cylinder wall, an annular combustion chamber.

Abstract: A two cycle engine is disclosed wherein a pair of pistons reciprocate within a common cylinder to operate a pair of crankshafts mounted at opposite ends of said cylinder. Intake mixtures for the cylinder are crankcase-pumped, and both the intake and output ports of each crankcase are valved. This valving prevents combustion within the crankcase and limits the compression volume in order to assure the highest compression of intake gases possible. A piston ring is included at the lower end of the skirt of each piston in order to further reduce the compressed volume.

Abstract: A power device or mechanism embodying cyclic compression and expansion of compressible fluids, such as various gases, in a unique manner hereinafter referred to as the "Zachery" cycle. The power device, as disclosed, includes a chamber, such as a cylinder, and movable components, such as opposed pistons, associated with the chamber for varying the volume of the chamber and varying the pressure of gases therein with the movable components being mechanically connected to crankshafts or other mechanisms to enable the highest pressures obtained during the compression-expansion cycle to occur at or near the maximum lever arm of a crankshaft or other mechanism thereby generating the maximum torque possible from the gas pressure available. The power device also exerts its maximum force when the pressure within the chamber is at a maximum.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprises a housing having two cylinders formed therein, a combustion chamber between the two cylinders, and two crankcases. The cylinders are angularly disposed with respect to one another in a V shape with the combustion chamber being located at the apex of the V-shaped configuration. The crankcases are located at the opposite ends of the V-shaped configuration. Pistons are slidably mounted within each of the cylinders for reciprocating movement toward and away from the combustion chambers. The pistons are operatively connected to the crankshafts. One of the cylinders has inlet ports and the other cylinder has exhaust ports and inlet ports therein. During the scavenging portion of the cycle, the exhaust ports and the inlet ports are all opened. The two sets of inlet ports serve to scavenge the previously burned gases from the combustion chamber and also serve to charge the cylinder for the next cycle.