Abstract: A reciprocating combustion engine includes at least one cylinder, in which a reciprocating piston is arranged back and forth movable. The reciprocating combustion engine includes a pin structure arranged on the combustion chamber side in the area of the cylinder head or the piston bottom. Due to the pin structure, local peak temperatures can be avoided during the combustion process, so that NOx emissions can be avoided or at least greatly reduced. A motor vehicle, for example a commercial vehicle, includes a reciprocating combustion engine.

Abstract: A line of small internal combustion engines, including twin cylinder engines and single cylinder engines. The engines each include a crankcase, and one or more cylinder members attached to the crankcase, the cylinder members being separate components from the crankcase. A number of different crankcases are provided for various types of single and two cylinder engines, the crankcases having common mounting structure to which the cylinder members may be attached. Thus, the manner in which the cylinder members are attached to the crankcases is the same for each of the different types of crankcases. Two different types of cylinder members are provided, one having a side valve or “L-head” valve train, and the other having an overhead cam (“OHV”) valve train. The cylinder members are therefore modular components which may be selectively used in a variety of different types of engines.

Abstract: A side valve internal combustion engine provided with at least one combustion cylinder having a piston. At least two intake valves and at least one exhaust valve are provided for each of the combustion cylinders. In order to maintain a compact engine and provide a nozzle-type combustion chamber, the intake valves and exhaust valve are locate to one side of the combustion chamber in the engine block. The exhaust valve is further located at a greater distance from the combustion cylinder than the intake valves in order to decrease heat distribution on the cylinder walls. The nozzle-type chamber provides for efficient flow of gases within the engine.

Abstract: In a side-valve internal combustion engine, a combustion chamber in a cylinder head is defined into a substantially triangular pyramid shape having a triangular opened edge. A third angle portion of the opened edge formed by a first slant having a relatively small angle and a second slant having a relatively large angle is offset from an axis of a cylinder bore toward the first slant. Thus, it is possible to a swirl of an air-fuel mixture during an intake stroke to uniformize the air-fuel ratio, thereby providing a reduction in fuel consumption, and producing a swirl of combustion gas during an expansion stroke to eliminate the non-uniformity of combustion, thereby providing an increase in power output and a reduction in amount of unburned components in the exhaust gas.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine has at least one set of first and second cylinders (12,14), the first cylinder (12) having a larger swept volume than the second cylinder (14), and respective first and second pistons (16,18) movable in the cylinders. The pistons are coupled together such that they are movable in the cylinders in a cyclic manner at the same frequency. An air inlet (24) and an exhaust outlet open into the first cylinder and a fuel injector (34) provides fuel to the second cylinder. A combustion space (20) is also provided which communicates with both cylinders during at least a portion of the expansion stroke. The second piston has a crown (35) and a body portion (19), with the crown being spaced from and connected to the body portion and having an edge (37) which is relatively small in the axial direction compared to the distance between the crown and the body portion in the axial direction.

Abstract: The invention presents new and useful improvements in the mechanical design of control elements used in the sequencing of the exhaust and intake process cycles of the 4-stroke reciprocating piston engine. The exhaust and induction circuits pass through the same valve port and their flows are alternately controlled by the same poppet valve. The camshaft exhaust and intake lobes are combined into a single broad double-cycle lobe such that the poppet valve remains fully open at the end of the exhaust stroke permitting the intake stroke to begin with the poppet valve in the same fully open position without the attendant problem of exhaust gas dilution of the air charge entering the engine, as most generally associated with valve overlap in the conventional sequencing method using two poppet valves.The simplification of having only one poppet valve, one valve port, and one cam lobe per each engine cylinder reduces the engine manufacturing cost.

Abstract: An internal-combustion engine includes two combustion spaces for each cylinder. Each combustion space is separated from the cylinder space and has a valve to open and close a passage through which communication is established between the combustion space and the cylinder space. A complete cycle consist of eight strokes of a four-stroke type engine or four strokes of a two-stroke type engine. At the start of the first expansion stroke of the cycle, the valve of the first combustion space opens to release burnt fuel into the cylinder space to power the piston. The burnt fuel from the first combustion space is expelled and fresh air is admitted into the cylinder space as in conventional four-stroke and two-stroke engines. The fresh air is compressed into the first combustion space on the first compression stroke of the cycle, and the corresponding valve closes at the end of the compression stroke.

Abstract: An L-head two stroke engine comprises two pistons mounted for reciprocable movement in first and second cylinders respectively. The cranks of the two pistons are drivably connected such that the pistons are in phase. A fuel/air supply is provided for one cylinder where it is compressed and ignited causing both pistons to return to their respective bottom dead center position. The compression ratio in the one cylinder is less than in the other cylinder so as to aid retention of the air fuel mixture in the one cylinder prior to ignition.

Abstract: An air-cooled internal combustion engine, a crankshaft and a camshaft rotatably journalled in the crankcase parallel to one another, and a cast intake valve chamber and cast exhaust valve chamber each cast integrally with the cylinder and communicating with the combustion chamber via a respective intake valve port and exhaust valve port. Intake and exhaust valves are disposed for reciprocation in a direction lying perpendicular to the camshaft and simultaneously in a direction lying at an acute angle to a plane passing through the longitudinal axis of the cylinder and parallel to the axis of the camshaft. An intake cross-over manifold is cast integrally with the cylinder and is delimited by interior walls which are substantially straight in longitudinal direction from a fuel/air intake port to a point of intersection with the intake valve chamber.

Abstract: A side-valve type internal-combustion engine has a cylinder head formed with a recess or recesses each of which forms a combustion chamber with the associated cylinder and which is large enough to permit the alternate flow of suction or exhaust gas between the suction (inlet) or exhaust valve and the cylinder. In plan, the configuration of the recess is generally L-shaped and covers the both valves and part of the cylinder. One leg of the L-shaped recess provides a straight line passage between the suction or inlet valve and the cylinder, while the exhaust valve and the cylinder are connected in series by the one leg of the recess from the cylinder to the suction valve and then by the other leg from the suction valve to the exhaust valve. The height of the recess is reduced in the region directly above the exhaust valve to a level considerably lower than the rest of the recess so that the upper wall surface of the recess is very close to the exhaust valve when it is in its uppermost position.