Abstract: A combustor for a gas turbine includes a dome, and a deflector connected to the dome to define a baffle cavity therebetween, the deflector having a deflector cold side adjacent to the baffle cavity and a deflector hot side adjacent to a combustion chamber. At least one dome-deflector connecting member connects the dome and the deflector to each other. The dome-deflector connecting member forms a flexible joint between the dome and the deflector.

Abstract: An outboard marine propulsion device comprises an internal combustion engine. At least one engine cooling passage conveys cooling water through the internal combustion engine. An exhaust manifold comprises a plurality of exhaust runners and an exhaust log. The plurality of exhaust runners axially conveys exhaust gases from the internal combustion engine to the exhaust log. A cooling jacket on the exhaust manifold comprises an exhaust log cooling jacket that conveys the cooling water along an outer surface of the exhaust log and a plurality of exhaust runner cooling passages that each axially convey the cooling water along an outer surface of a respective one of the plurality of exhaust runners from the exhaust log cooling jacket to the engine cooling passage.

Abstract: A spark-ignition engine capable of reducing the content of hydrocarbon in exhaust gas is provided. When viewed from a direction parallel to a cylinder center axis, given a central virtual line passing a squish area maximum-width section and the center of a combustion chamber recessed section, and one area a and the other area b divided by the central virtual line, an intake valve port or an exhaust valve port is opened in one area of any opposed section of opposed sections of the combustion chamber recessed section. A spark-plug attachment hole is formed in the other area of the opposed section, such that, when viewed from the direction parallel to the cylinder center axis, a spark discharge section at a tip of a spark plug does not overlap the central virtual line.

Abstract: A piston structure for a four-stroke internal combustion engine is provided, enabling an increase in the intake efficiency and a favorable ignitability to improve the performance of the internal combustion engine. In a piston structure for a four-valve four-stroke internal combustion engine, a piston crown includes: an intake-side inclined flat surface formed in a single plane by bottom surfaces of a pair of intake valve recesses and an intake-side common flat surface; and an exhaust-side inclined flat surface formed in a single plane by bottom surfaces of a pair of exhaust valve recesses and an exhaust-side common flat surface. The intake-side inclined flat surface and the exhaust-side inclined flat surface are formed into a pent-roof shape with a ridge line at an intersection therebetween. The exhaust-side inclined flat surface extends into the intake valve recesses, and the ridge line is located on a side of the intake valve recesses.

Abstract: Some embodiments relate to an internal combustion engine that includes a combustion chamber and a rotating component. The internal combustion engine further includes a sensing system that detects an angular position of the rotating component. A controller calculates a ratio between air and fuel in the combustion chamber based on the detected position of the rotating component. As an example, the rotating component may be a crankshaft where the controller calculates a speed of the crankshaft and an acceleration of the crankshaft based on the detected position of the crankshaft.

Abstract: Means and method of substantially increasing the efficiency of a spark ignition Otto cycle engine. This is done by increasing the stroke length of the pistons and reducing the amount of air (or fuel/air mixture) by means other than the throttle plate taken in on the intake stroke. The amount of air or fuel/air mixture taken in is that which creates the same conditions in the combustion chamber at the conclusion of the compression stroke as exist in prior art engines used for the same application. The advantage arises from the increase in the length of the power stroke; this extracts more energy from the combustion gases before they are removed on the exhaust stroke and it also increases the torque of the engine as it is well known that torque is a function of stroke length. Extracting more energy from the combustion gases also reduces the amount of heat transferred to the engine block, thereby reducing the load on the cooling system.

Abstract: There is provided a structure of a combustion chamber for an engine which enhances a thermal efficiency of the engine to enhance a fuel efficiency, and an inner wall structure of a flow path through which an intake gas or an exhaust gas of the engine flows. The structure of the combustion chamber for the engine includes a heat-insulating member 1 including a heat-insulating layer 3 formed on the surface of an engine constituting member 21 constituting the combustion chamber for the engine and a dense surface layer 2 formed on the surface of the heat-insulating layer 3. Furthermore, the heat-insulating layer 3 includes ceramic and/or glass, and has pores of pore diameters of 10 to 500 nm and a porosity of 10 to 99%, and the dense surface layer 2 includes ceramic and/or glass and has a porosity of 5% or less.

Abstract: A combustion chamber construction includes inlet and exhaust side sloping surfaces. The inlet side sloping surface is formed on one side of a pentroof apex portion as a boundary and which has an inlet port. The exhaust side sloping surface is formed on the other side of the pentroof apex portion as the boundary and which has an exhaust port. A flow improving portion is formed between the inlet port and exhaust port. The flow improving portion includes an inlet flow surface which is formed by recessing part of the inlet side sloping surface and an exhaust side guide surface. One end of the exhaust side guide surface is connected to an exhaust surface of the exhaust side sloping surface and the other end is connected to the inlet flow surface. An angle formed by the inlet flow surface and the exhaust side guide surface is smaller than or equal to an angle formed by the exhaust surface and the exhaust side guide surface.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having two combustion chambers separated by separate valves from each piston cylinder and wherein each cylinder has a suction valve and an exhaust valve and each combustion chamber has at least one fuel nozzle for injecting fuel into the respective chambers by several discrete injections with short dwell times therebetween. During a combustion cycle air is introduced into the chambers from opening to closing of the valves during a 720° rotation of a crankshaft and then combusting air-fuel mixtures during a subsequent period between the closing to opening of the valves during at least a further 720° rotation of the crankshaft and while making partial and spaced injections of fuel into the chambers at predetermined angular displacements of the crankshaft.

Abstract: The instant invention is to a new fuel system, which will allow operation of large scale electrical power generating facilities at a fraction of the cost of coal or natural gas fueled facilities and will not produce significant heat, exhaust emission gases, or particulate pollution. Because of the nature of the chemical reaction exploited in the system, it is denominated an instant entropy system (“IES”). The fuel used by the inventive IES produces gas expansion, but not from an oxidation/combustion reaction, and it does not produce oxidative exothermic heat. The IES utilizes a material first developed in the early part of the twentieth century—triacetone triperoxide (TAP).

Abstract: A spark-ignition engine capable of reducing the content of hydrocarbon in exhaust gas is provided. When viewed from a direction parallel to a cylinder center axis, given a central virtual line passing a squish area maximum-width section and the center of a combustion chamber recessed section, and one area a and the other area b divided by the central virtual line, an intake valve port or an exhaust valve port is opened in one area of any opposed section of opposed sections of the combustion chamber recessed section. A spark-plug attachment hole is formed in the other area of the opposed section, such that, when viewed from the direction parallel to the cylinder center axis, a spark discharge section at a tip of a spark plug does not overlap the central virtual line.

Abstract: An engine has a stationary first body portion with one or more surfaces that define a portion of a fluid flow path through the engine. The stationary first body portion has a substantially cylindrical outer surface. A first piston assembly is configured to reciprocate relative to the stationary first body portion and to accommodate one or more second piston assemblies reciprocating inside and relative to the first piston assembly. The first piston assembly has an extension portion. The extension portion has a substantially cylindrical inner surface that defines a space to receive the stationary first body portion. One or more sealing elements are between the substantially cylindrical outer surface of the stationary first body portion and the extension portion of the first piston assembly.

Abstract: The invention discloses a general-purpose gasoline engine, comprising a cylinder block, a cylinder head main body (1), and an intake passage (12) and an exhaust passage (11) arranged on the cylinder head main body (1); an intake valve (5) is arranged on the cylinder head main body (1) correspondingly to the intake passage (12), an exhaust valve (9) is arranged correspondingly to the exhaust passage (11), the intake valve (5) is correspondingly provided with an intake rocker arm (8) and an intake push rod, the exhaust valve (9) is correspondingly provided with an exhaust rocker arm (2) and an exhaust push rod, a combustion chamber surface (13) is formed on the inner side of the cylinder head main body (1), and the combustion chamber surface (13) is of a spherical structure or an arch structure formed of smooth curves; the part of the combustion chamber surface (13) between the intake valve (5) and the exhaust valve (9) forms a nose bridge region (14), and a through air-cooling passage (10) is arranged on the c

Abstract: An internal combustion engine, which includes a cylinder block, a cylinder head fastened to the cylinder block, an aperture formed in a side of the cylinder head, and a conduit assembly, such as an intake runner assembly or an exhaust conduit assembly. A combustion chamber is formed by the cylinder block and the cylinder head. The intake runner assembly is received within the aperture and configured to communicate air to the combustion chamber. The intake runner assembly includes a first piece and a second piece. The first piece has a first channel that includes a bend. The second piece has a second channel that includes another bend mirroring the bend of the first channel. The first piece is coupled to the second piece such that the first and second channels together form a flow path through the intake runner assembly, and the bends of the first and second channels together form a smooth turn in the flow path.

Abstract: A pressure driven apparatus comprising a housing, at least one flexible membrane located within the housing dividing the interior of the housing into at least two chambers. At least one input or exhaust cam assembly operates in conjunction with the at least one flexible membrane to provide an expansion zone within the housing. Fluid enters the housing producing movement of the flexible membrane. The flexible membrane is connected to a drive member such that the movement of the fluid within the expansion zone results in the membrane imparting a force to the drive member. The flexible membrane includes seals used to maintain a dynamic and movable seal with respect to the housing.

Abstract: An engine includes an engine casing and a first piston configured to reciprocate relative to the engine casing. The first piston has a wall that defines a substantially cylindrical chamber. One or more second pistons are configured to reciprocate inside the substantially cylindrical chamber. A combustion chamber intake port and a combustion chamber exhaust port extend through the wall. A shutter is outside the wall and is movable between a first position substantially blocking fluid flow through the combustion chamber exhaust port but not blocking fluid flow through the combustion chamber intake port and a second position substantially blocking fluid flow through the combustion chamber intake port but not blocking flow through the combustion chamber exhaust port. An actuator causes the shutter to move between the first position and the second position in response to the first piston reciprocating relative to the engine casing.

Abstract: An engine has a stationary first body portion with one or more surfaces that define a portion of a fluid flow path through the engine. The stationary first body portion has a substantially cylindrical outer surface. A first piston assembly is configured to reciprocate relative to the stationary first body portion and to accommodate one or more second piston assemblies reciprocating inside and relative to the first piston assembly. The first piston assembly has an extension portion. The extension portion has a substantially cylindrical inner surface that defines a space to receive the stationary first body portion. One or more sealing elements are between the substantially cylindrical outer surface of the stationary first body portion and the extension portion of the first piston assembly.

Abstract: The compression ratio of an internal combustion engine is adjustable in a stepwise fashion, such as by pivoting an extension of an eccentric connecting rod bearing. The projection extends into a chamber defined by a portion of a connecting rod coupling portion of a connecting rod assembly. Liquid is delivered to one side of the projection and removed from the opposite side of the projection to move the projection and thereby the eccentric connecting rod bearing from one position corresponding to one compression ratio to another position corresponding to another compression ratio.

Abstract: A reciprocating engine 1 is so arranged that, in an initial period of an expansion stroke, a high-pressure combustion gas 12 above a piston 2 is introduced via gas passage holes 23 provided in an upper portion 22 of a cylinder inner surface 8 on a thrust side 10 into a gas chamber 4 formed by being encompassed by the cylinder inner surface 8 and a top ring 5, a second ring 6, and a second land 7 of the piston 2, so as to support the piston 2 from the thrust side 10 by the introduced high-pressure combustion gas 12. A half ring 13 is inserted in the gas chamber 4 in a state of being placed on the second land 7 from the thrust side 10 and so as to be movable up and down with clearances 20 above and below, whereby as the piston 2 reciprocates, the half ring 13 moves up and down an amount corresponding to the size of the clearances 20, thereby continually cleaning the inside of the gas chamber 4.

Abstract: The present invention is a system to utilize slow burning fuels that contain ash with a piston that is utilized as a compressor and an expander, a pair of combustion chambers, an ash bin with a pathway on each side of the ash bin and a cylinder that houses the piston that is integral to the y-shaped pathway and produces gases that are produced by the piston emitted from the cylinder as well as a connecting rod and a crank shaft. The combustion chambers can be cone-shaped and have one or more fan blades that are made of a nonconductive material and have a positive charge. The present invention also creates a rotating body in a single combustion chamber that provides heat energy for evaporation of water and initiation of ignition of fuels that contain more than 5% water that can be connected to an ash bin to expel ash.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having two combustion chambers separated by separate valves from each piston cylinder and wherein each cylinder has a suction valve and an exhaust valve and each combustion chamber has at least one fuel nozzle for injecting fuel into the respective chambers by several discrete injections with short dwell times therebetween. During a combustion cycle air is introduced into the chambers from opening to closing of the valves during a 720° rotation of a crankshaft and then combusting air-fuel mixtures during a subsequent period between the closing to opening of the valves during at least a further 720° rotation of the crankshaft and while making partial and spaced injections of fuel into the chambers at predetermined angular displacements of the crankshaft.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine of the two- or four-stroke petrol, diesel or gas-fueled type, comprising: an engine block which forms internally at least one cylinder; a head which contains a cylindrical rotary distributor which is adapted to connect, by means of two internal ports, a combustion chamber of the at least one cylinder alternately to the air intake and to the gas exhaust; a plate for closing the head in an upper region, in which intake and exhaust conveyance channels of the engine are provided; for each at least one cylinder being provided a single sealing element which is arranged between the at least one cylinder and the rotary distributor. The sealing element has a cradle which is shaped complementarily with respect to the rotary distributor and a cylindrical protrusion that has an open cavity which forms the combustion chamber of the cylinder.

Abstract: A combustion chamber construction includes inlet and exhaust side sloping surfaces. The inlet side sloping surface is formed on one side of a pentroof apex portion as a boundary and which has an inlet port. The exhaust side sloping surface is formed on the other side of the pentroof apex portion as the boundary and which has an exhaust port. A flow improving portion is formed between the inlet port and exhaust port. The flow improving portion includes an inlet flow surface which is formed by recessing part of the inlet side sloping surface and an exhaust side guide surface. One end of the exhaust side guide surface is connected to an exhaust surface of the exhaust side sloping surface and the other end is connected to the inlet flow surface. An angle formed by the inlet flow surface and the exhaust side guide surface is smaller than or equal to an angle formed by the exhaust surface and the exhaust side guide surface.

Abstract: A new architecture of a combustion chamber for a diesel engine allows arranging the engine valves according to an axis inclined with respect to the cylinder axis by an angle greater than 8°, without reducing the swirl ratio obtained at the end of the compression stage.

Abstract: This invention relates to an internal combustion engine combusting hydrocarbon fuel having a lithium conditioned combustion chamber for reduced carbon oxide engine emissions. The condition chamber is formed by combusting therein a hydrocarbon fuel containing a lithium salt.

Abstract: The invention concerns a Diesel engine, in particular a two stroke crosshead large Diesel engine comprising at least one combustion chamber, which is enclosed on multiple sides by a cylinder, and by at least one upper side of at least one piston moving up and down in the cylinder, which form an outer wall for the combustion chamber, wherein the combustion chamber on its outer wall presents a predetermined breaking point. The predetermined breaking point is suited to protect the Diesel engine against possible damages which might be caused by an undesirably high overpressure (py) of gases in the combustion chamber during a malfunction of the Diesel engine, wherein the predetermined breaking point comprises a predetermined breaking pressure (ps) below the overpressure (py) above which damages are expected, and above a combustion chamber normal pressure (pn) provided at a maximum during normal engine operation conditions.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is provided including an engine block, a cylinder head mounted on the engine block including a combustion face forming a portion of a combustion chamber, wherein the combustion face includes a pent-roof portion and a hemispherical shaped portion. A first intake valve port formed in the cylinder head includes a first intake valve port opening formed in the pent-roof portion while a second intake valve port formed in the cylinder head includes a second intake valve port opening formed in the pent-roof portion. An exhaust valve port formed in the cylinder head includes an exhaust valve port opening formed in the hemispherical shaped portion. A transition portion may also be included to blend the combustion face connecting the pent-roof and the hemispherical portions. One or more spark plug bore openings are formed and optimally positioned in the combustion face.

Abstract: It is provided an improved internal combustion engine unit. The engine unit has a piston moving in a cylinder enclosing cylinder volume, an intake valve controlling closing and opening of an intake aperture connecting the cylinder volume to an intake manifold, and an exhaust valve controlling closing and opening of an exhaust aperture connecting the cylinder volume to an exhaust manifold. The improved engine unit includes a separating aperture between the cylinder and a separation chamber, and a separating valve adapted for controlling closing and opening the separating aperture. The separation chamber is connectable to the intake manifold and to the exhaust manifold, respectively, by the intake and exhaust apertures. Opening both the separating valve and the exhaust valve enables gas flow from the cylinder volume to the exhaust manifold through the open separating aperture, the separation chamber and the open exhaust aperture.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having an engine block with a chamber disposed therein containing a reciprocating piston. A head is mounted on the head of the engine block for providing fuel to the chamber. The chamber is designed to have a first end with a first diameter that tapers inward to a second end that has a second diameter that is less than the first diameter and extends into a cylindrical portion such that the reciprocating piston reciprocates within the cylindrical portion.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a high inertance liquid piston engine-compressor and method of use thereof. The high inertance engine-compressor is light weight, portable and for use with pneumatically actuated devices that may have periods of inactivity between periods of pneumatic use. The present invention provides a power generation system that is for use with mobile or portable devices which need a portable long lasting energy source.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having at least one piston cylinder comprising a housing enclosing twin gas injectors and having two inlet openings for separate supply of hydrogen gas and oxygen gas to a combustion chamber of the piston cylinder, two pressure-controlled and time-controlled, electrical inlet valves and associated nozzle needles coupled to the housing, wherein the combustion chamber has an outlet opening for ejection of a combustion product, and a thermolysis catalyst covering the combustion chamber. The thermolysis catalyst includes two hollow cylinders arranged at a distance from one another and concentrically and surrounding an intermediate space. The walls of the hollow cylinders defining the intermediate space have a metal coating for release of the heat of combustion acting on the inner hollow cylinder. The outer hollow cylinder includes an inlet opening for the supply of water, an outlet opening for the release of oxyhydrogen gas and a temperature sensor for control of water supply.

Abstract: A method of rotating a crank shaft and in internal detonation engine are provided. The internal detonation engine comprises a deflagration to detonation transition section. The deflagration to detonation transition section is connected to a main cylinder, which houses a piston. Inducing a detonation wave from the deflagration wave and passing the detonation wave through a fluid, gives rise to high pressure and temperature in a cylinder and pushes a piston towards bottom dead center. An internal detonation reciprocating engine may be a single cylinder and may be either a two or four stroke engine. A two-stroke internal detonation reciprocating engine is similar to a four-stroke internal detonation reciprocating engine but has different valve placements. Detonations produce a more thorough combustion of the fuel and may, thereby, yield reduced emissions of carbon monoxide as compared to internal combustion engines.

Abstract: A member for an internal combustion engine, such as a piston, a valve and a fuel injection valve. The member includes a substrate. A carbon-based coating film is formed on the substrate to cover at least a part of a region of the substrate to which region fuel for the internal combustion engine is contactable. The carbon-based coating film contains fluorine and has a thickness of 10 ?m or less.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a housing wheel engine that has one wheel shaped combustion housing, the housing wheel engine can hold several pistons which's both sides working inside the combustion housing. The housing wheel engine transmits its rotating movement directly to the driveshaft by planetary gearsets. A four strokes time mechanism provided by planetary gearsets.

Abstract: This invention relates to a combustion chamber structure for a spark-ignition engine, which comprises a combustion chamber defined between a bottom surface of a cylinder head and a top surface of a piston in such a manner that the bottom surface of the cylinder head serves as a ceiling wall thereof, and a spark plug having a sparking end protruding from the ceiling wall into the combustion chamber. In this combustion chamber structure, when the piston is at a top dead center, a principal space of the combustion chamber is comprised of a first combustion space around the sparking end of the spark plug and a second combustion space around a circumference of a cylinder bore. Further, the first combustion space and the second combustion space are communicated with each other through a small interspace zone where an interspace between the ceiling wall and the top surface of the piston is narrowed. The combustion chamber structure makes it possible to increase compression ratio in a practically effective manner.

Abstract: An exhaust-valve-side portion of a bottom surface of a bowl is connected to an upper surface of a piston by a smoothly curved surface. Therefore, a separation of a tumble flow can be minimized and air flow introduced into the bowl is more strongly tumbled. Fuel mixed with the air flow is also introduced into the bowl, so a generation of a carbon layer that is caused by contact of fuel and oil with the wall can be prevented. A width of the exhaust-valve-side portion of the bowl is greater than a width of the intake-valve-side portion of the bowl and the side walls of the bowl are formed as curved surfaces. The intake valve pocket is formed as a single groove, accumulation of carbon can be minimized, and propagation of a flame during the combustion occurs easily.

Abstract: There are provided on an upper surface of a piston 13 which confronts to a combustion chamber two first squish areas A1 each containing a flat surface 13a extending along an outer circumferential portion the piston 13 in an arc-like fashion and two second squish areas A2 formed between valve recesses 13d, 13e of respective pairs of inlet and exhaust valves 19, 21 and each containing a protruding portion which protrudes upwardly.

Abstract: This invention relates to making the combustion chambers of internal combustion engines in such a way that during the period of compression, and due to it, and during the combustion period, and due to it, a storm effect will be created in the air and gasses, by which a predictable control over the combustion will result in the fuel burning as completely as possible, making the efficiency of the engine as high as possible; and so that the perpendicular pressures and forces due to the tangential forces of compression and combustion will balance, so that no undue wear and tear of the pistons and cylinders will result from the forces of compression and combustion storm and combustion process.

Abstract: A piston for an internal combustion engine of the spark ignition type has cavities formed in the crown in a pattern to cover approximately 16 to 18 percent of the piston head surface area. The cavities are formed in a pattern wherein no cavity edge is closer than approximately ¼ inch to ½ inch of any adjacent cavity edge or to the perimeter of the piston head. The cavities are generally cylindrical wall structures having a bottom in the form of a cone tapered to a central point. The depth of the cavity is approximately 55 percent of the cavity diameter.

Abstract: A spark-ignition internal combustion engine with direct injection into the combustion chamber which operates according to the jet-guided combustion method, and includes at least one injection device and one ignition device per cylinder. In order to increase the stratification capabilities and the service life of the injection device, the ignition device is disposed centrally, preferably in the zone of the of the cylinder axis, and the injection device is disposed laterally offset in the direct vicinity of the ignition location, with the distance between the orifice of the injection device and the ignition location being 0.1 to 0.24 times the piston diameter.

Abstract: A combustion chamber for reciprocating internal combustion engines greatly reduces large quench areas in the combustion chamber, and substantially matches the combustion chamber periphery with the upper edge circumference of the mating cylinder wall, to reduce greatly or substantially eliminate narrow quench areas of relatively high surface area to volume ratios. This increases the average combustion temperature due to the reduction of surface area relative to the volume of the combustion chamber, thereby producing more efficient combustion resulting in a reduction in unburned hydrocarbons during the combustion portion of the cycle. The removal of material to eliminate such large quench areas also slightly enlarges the combustion chamber to reduce the compression ratio, thus reducing the production of oxides of nitrogen during combustion. The combustion chamber is also radiused and smoothed internally, to eliminate rough and sharp edges which may lead to preignition and detonation.

Abstract: A combustion chamber assembly for a two-stroke internal combustion engine has, in the upper dead point position of the piston, a space defined between the piston bottom and the cylinder head which is of the shape of a frustum of a right-circular cone or the shape of a right-circular cylinder. Surfaces of the piston bottom and the cylinder head extend tangentially to the wall of the space at 180.degree. offset from one another and are juxtaposed with surfaces of the cylinder head and piston bottom, respectively, defining narrow gaps squeezing fluid flow into this space tangentially form opposite directions to induce a vortex in the space in a single sense. The fuel injector opens axially into this space for autogenous ignition or self-firing or a spark plug extends axially into this space for external ignition.

Abstract: A combustion chamber structure including a cylinder head having a bottom surface for defining an upper portion of a combustion chamber, a piston having a top surface for defining a lower portion of the combustion chamber, an intake recess formed in the cylinder head for an intake port of the combustion chamber to define a part the chamber, an exhaust recess formed in the cylinder head for an exhaust port to define a part of the chamber. The intake recess is smaller than the exhaust recess in volume. An extended wall portion is formed at a boundary portion between the intake and exhaust recess in the cylinder head to extend along the intake port and project into the exhaust recess. An ignition plug is arranged in the vicinity of a tip end of the extended wall portion. A compact structure of the combustion chamber can be obtained with an improved combustion property.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine of the valve-in-head type having a low profile cylinder head which requires minimal headroom in the engine compartment of an automotive vehicle. The cylinder head has a rectilinear configuration with the valve trains disposed on horizontal axes extending transversely of the cylinder head. Each valve train in the cylinder head is provided with precise axial support at both ends of the train. The engine has a relatively thin upstanding combustion chamber over each cylinder and one or more pairs of poppet valves per cylinder each having a sealing surface adjacent its outer edge for engagement with respective seats defined by axially aligned header tubes. Each valve has a relatively short neck extending through the combustion chamber during the intake and compression strokes and when the fuel-air mixture is fired.

Abstract: A direct injected two stroke cycle internal combustion engine having a cylinder, a cylinder head at one end of the cylinder, a piston mounted for reciprocation in the cylinder, and an inlet port and an exhaust port in the wall of the cylinder at substantially diametrically opposite locations in the cylinder. A cavity in the cylinder head extending in a generally diametral direction from adjacent the cylinder wall at a location opposite the exhaust port. The cavity having substantially straight side edges in the direction of extension, and the longitudinal length of the cavity in said direction being about 0.55 to 0.77 of the diameter of the cylinder.

Abstract: A high-temperature and thermal-shock-resistant thermal insulating coating based upon flame- or plasma-sprayed ceramic materials. The coating consists of several layer sequences essentially of the same materials. Each layer sequence contains at least one ceramic and one cermet layer, and/or one ceramic and one metal layer, and/or one cermet and one metal layer.

Abstract: An energy conversion cycle for an internal combustion engine and an internal combustion engine capable of carrying out the process to produce work, the process characterized by the steps of forming fuel and air charges having fuel to air proportions varying from stoichiometric at full engine power to excess air at less than full engine power conditions; increasing by compression the density and activation of the molecules of the charges supplied to a variable volume working chamber in which fuel and oxygen in the air are reacted to produce thermal potential; controlling fuel and air distribution in the working chamber so that the excess air portion of each charge is located in an air reservoir chamber that is separated from the reaction area by an open partition area separating the working and air reservoir chambers; and through the partition area, controlling availability of oxygen in the working chamber during the reaction while permitting the oxygen to be activated in a specific manner by molecular interac

Abstract: A two-cycle, gas-powered engine which is capable of operating over a wide range of loads including those (e.g. idle speed) which have previously caused misfirings in known engines of this type. A specially constructed head and piston assembly and a governor-controlled fuel system are incorporated into an otherwise typical two-cycle engine to convert the engine into a stratified charge engine. The head and piston assembly is constructed to provide an ovate-domed, flat-bottomed combustion chamber therebetween when the piston is in a top dead center position in the cylinder. This combustion chamber allows fuel injected in the top of the combustion chamber to mix with air being compressed by the piston to provide a rich stratified charge around the ignition means (e.g. spark plugs) which are also positioned near the top of the chamber. This charge is always rich enough to support rapid ignition and to quickly spread burning to the weaker, exhaust-contaminated mixture present in the lower combustion chamber.

Abstract: A high strength, fracture tough, high temperature oxidatively stable, heat insulating internal combustion engine combustion chamber component is described made of a silicon carbide fiber reinforced ceramic matrix or a silicon carbide fiber reinforced glass matrix material. An internal combustion engine containing combustion chamber components as above described is also disclosed.

Abstract: Cylinder head construction defining a hemispheric combustion chamber which includes a guide wall provided to impart swirl to the incoming air-fuel mixture. The guide wall facing the intake port defined by the cylinder head construction and generally parallel to the line of action of an intake valve provided in the intake port has a height greater than the maximum lift of the intake valve, and decreases in width in the direction of opening of the intake valve. In addition, the size of the area and the position of the guide wall relative to the intake port and the intake valve are maintained in specific ranges, and thus the construction not only permits efficient ignition of a lean air-fuel mixture, but at the same time causes only a slight drop in engine performance.