Abstract: A piston for a four valve direct injection diesel engine defines a combustion chamber comprising a recess (10) in the piston crown, which is rotationally symmetrical about the axis of the piston in axial cross-section and is defined by a base and a side wall. A generally conical projection (5) is upstanding from the base. The recess (10) includes a lower toroidal portion (8) and an upper portion (10), whose diameter progressively increases towards the piston crown. The upper and lower portions of the recess are separated by an annular, arcuate lip (12) extending into the recess.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for improving performance in an internal combustion engine includes texturing on an inner surface of at least a portion of an engine head. The texturing may include elongated raised portions extending in one or more directions that may aid in controlling and directing pre-combustion and/or combustion gases in a combustion chamber for a more unified combustion. The result is improved power and/or efficiency.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having an engine block with a chamber disposed therein containing a reciprocating piston. A head is mounted on the head of the engine block for providing fuel to the chamber. The chamber is designed to have a first end with a first diameter that tapers inward to a second end that has a second diameter that is less than the first diameter and extends into a cylindrical portion such that the reciprocating piston reciprocates within the cylindrical portion.

Abstract: An engine block is disclosed in one embodiment having a cylinder shape bore, which forms the outside wall surface of a cylindrical air chamber. Radially outwards from the cylindrical air chamber there is an annular shape combustion chamber, which has a circular inner wall surface, circular outer wall surface, closed annular shaped top surface, and an annular shaped open end opposite of the top surface. The bottom end of the circular inner wall surface of the annular shape combustion chamber and the bottom end of the outside wall surface of the cylindrical air chamber defines an annular shape surface. This surface fits inside the annular shape air chamber in the piston assembly. In one embodiment, in the lower part of the circular inner wall surface of the annular shape combustion chamber there is a circular groove for an oil scraper ring of conventional design.

Abstract: An engine block is disclosed in one embodiment having a cylinder shape bore, which forms the outside wall surface of a cylindrical air chamber. Radially outwards from the cylindrical air chamber there is an annular shape combustion chamber, which has a circular inner wall surface, circular outer wall surface, closed annular shaped top surface, and an annular shaped open end opposite of the top surface. The bottom end of the circular inner wall surface of the annular shape combustion chamber and the bottom end of the outside wall surface of the cylindrical air chamber defines an annular shape surface. This surface fits inside the annular shape air chamber in the piston assembly. In one embodiment, in the lower part of the circular inner wall surface of the annular shape combustion chamber there is a circular groove for an oil scraper ring of conventional design.

Abstract: A piston of an internal combustion engine includes a cavity for gases passing a piston ring and a first flow path leading from the cavity to a piston ring region and a second flow path extending from the cavity to an outlet opening for removing gases to an inlet opening in a cylinder wall in at least one piston position.

Abstract: A combustion chamber assembly for use in a piston of a diesel engine includes a combustion chamber being defined intersecting a crown of the piston, the combustion chamber being substantially defined by three surfaces, a post being in part a spherical surface, a bottom and first side portion being an annular surface, and a second side portion being a taper surface, the combustion chamber having at least three reentrancies. A piston incorporating the combustion chamber assembly and a method of forming the combustion chamber are further included.

Abstract: A combustion chamber assembly for use in a piston of a diesel engine includes a combustion chamber defined intersecting a crown of the piston, the combustion chamber being defined by a concave surface in cooperation with three convex surfaces, adjacent surfaces having direct smooth junctures. A piston and a method of forming a combustion chamber are further included.

Abstract: A combustion chamber of a positive-displacement spark-ignited internal combustion engine is divided into a main combustion chamber and a pre-combustion chamber having proximal and distal ends. The proximal end is connected to the main combustion chamber and a spark-ignition device is located at the distal end. Within the pre-combustion chamber, a plurality of passageways extend between its proximal and distal ends so that a flame front ignited by the ignition device at the distal end of the pre-combustion chamber propagates along the plurality of passageways as separate flame fronts toward the proximal end of the pre-combustion chamber. A displacer separates a premixing chamber from the pre-combustion and main combustion chambers. The displacer is relatively moveable for transferring the charge of fuel and air from the premixing chamber into the pre-combustion main combustion chambers.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for improving efficiency of combustion engines. At least two combustion chambers are provided by contouring the surface of a piston or a cylinder head or a combination thereof. Such a contoured piston or cylinder head controls the peak temperature and pressure in order to combust the mixture efficiently, to increase power generated, and to decrease the amount of unused mixture exhausted from the combustion chamber. With the ability to control the peak pressure, the ignition plug can be fired at advanced ignition timing, thereby extending its life. The chambers are also designed to control flame propagation speed to reduce knock. Additionally, the chambers can also decrease the amount of pollutants such as NOx produced during combustion.

Abstract: Two stroke cycle internal combustion engine comprising; a ported cylinder, a cylinder head with an opening, a piston with an opening, a ported sleeve which is axially displaced inside the cylinder, extending through the cylinder head opening and the piston opening to form an annular combustion chamber. The position of the port in the sleeve is adjustable, longitudinally and latitudinally to control port timing, duration and the direction of the gasses flow inside the combustion chamber.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes a pair of opposed piston assemblies that reciprocate within a single combustion chamber in an engine block. Each piston assembly includes an annular piston head that is received concentrically around a driveshaft which is rotatably driven by the piston assemblies. A supercharging chamber is concentrically disposed about each piston assembly. Pump rings connected to each piston assembly extend into the supercharging chambers and pump air through the chambers into an intake manifold as the piston assemblies reciprocate in each direction. Cooling lubricant is circulated through the engine block and piston assemblies as well as through and along the drive shaft so as to cool the combustion chamber on substantially all sides.

Abstract: Improved combustion chamber configurations for two-cycle engines with high pressure fuel injected systems having reciprocal pistons, cylinders with multiple injectors for each cylinder and a cylinder head liner with a chamber having a discoidal configuration that cooperates with a piston head structure to generate a toroidal, swirling, compressed air flow during compression strokes of the reciprocating piston.

Abstract: In a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine, an upwardly arcuately shaped combustion space is formed in the cylinder head, which contains suspended valves arranged V-shaped. The valves are moved as close as possible to the combustion space boundary and form narrow spaces with respect thereto. The radii of the transitional arcs from the valve-end faces to the combustion space boundary increase continuously from the narrow spaces in both circumferential directions of the combustion space boundary and reach their maximum values in the center plane between the valves. The combustion space curvature is matched to the predetermined angles of inclination of the valves.