Abstract: A sealed package is disclosed for a self-heating assembly that produces heat by virtue of a liquid reactant reacting exothermically with a solid reactant to heat a product. The sealed package includes an outer container, a lower support structure (e.g., of open cell foam) within the outer container, a layer of the solid reactant above the lower support structure and within the outer container, an upper structure (e.g., of open cell foam, as well) above the solid reactant and within the outer container, and an upper layer that is permeable to liquid and that extends across an otherwise open top of the outer container above the upper structure.

Abstract: A transportable device for heating food is provided. The device includes a container for receiving the food, a heating compartment, which is thermally coupled to the container by way of a heat-conducting wall, calcium oxide being present in the heating compartment, and a liquid supply unit including a liquid reservoir chamber, in which a water-containing liquid is present, wherein the liquid supply unit is designed so that, based on actuation on the part of a user, the water-containing liquid is brought into contact with the calcium oxide, or the substance mixture including calcium oxide. The water-containing liquid has an elevated dynamic viscosity, in comparison with water, of between 2 and 30000 mPas, and preferably between 50 and 1000 mPas or, alternatively, the liquid supply unit comprises a water retention agent. In both alternatives, the reaction between calcium oxide and water is damped and delayed.

Abstract: This container comprises: an outer receptacle containing a lower vessel carrying calcium oxide, a water bag and a striker to break the bag and mix the water with the calcium oxide causing an exothermic reaction; and an upper vessel carrying the pre-cooked food and fixed on the lower vessel. The outer receptacle has on its side surface: recessed sectors and projecting sectors forming hollow side chambers between the lower container and the side surface of the outer receptacle and, in correspondence with the upper end of the mentioned vertical sectors, a perimetral step for the linear support of a projecting rim defined in the upper opening of the lower vessel. The upper vessel comprises a perimetral step in an area close to its upper end for its support and fixing by means of an adhesive on the projecting upper rim of the lower vessel.

Abstract: An intraocular lens supply system is provided. The intraocular lens supply system includes a housing and a cartridge. The cartridge is configured to receive an intraocular lens and can be inserted into the housing. The intraocular lens supply system further includes a heating element including a latent heat accumulator and a nucleating agent, and a pressure element which is coupled to the cartridge or the housing and which can be displaced such that the pressure element exerts a pressing force onto the nucleating agent when the cartridge is inserted into the housing in such a manner that thermal energy can be supplied to the cartridge from the heating element.

Abstract: An eye mask-type hydrogen supply device that is freely portable when carried by a user and with which it is possible to supply hydrogen to the areas around both eyes and the eyeballs while warming the eyelids, wherein the eye mask-type hydrogen supply device can be used continuously by replacing a hydrogen gas supply pack.

Abstract: According to the invention, this device includes a rigid capsule (2) forming a chamber (6) whereof one longitudinal end (6a) is open, and forming a longitudinal duct (7) for the flow of a liquid or semi-liquid food product (300); an active product (3) contained in the chamber (6), capable of absorbing a gas and/or volatile gaseous molecules present in the food product (300), or of diffusing a volatile gas and/or gaseous molecules into the food product (300); a cap (4) for closing the open longitudinal end (6a) of the chamber (6, having a penetrable septum (4c), the cap (4) being able, when it is placed on the capsule (2) and its septum (4c) is not perforated, to close the chamber (6) so that it is sealed against gases and water, and allowing, when it is perforated, a transfer of volatile gases and/or gaseous molecules between the outside and the inside of the chamber (6), and a membrane (5) permeable to the volatile gases and/or gaseous molecules to be absorbed or diffused, placed in the chamber (6) so as to

Abstract: The chemical reactions modulation of temperature and dissipate heat through using phase change materials (PCM). Hydration of a mixture composed of encapsulated and/or non-encapsulated oxides such as calcium oxide and/or magnesium oxide and dehydrated and/or hydrated zeolite coupled with control of pH of mixture through compounds such as Citric acid, or combination exothermic mixes, such as Cao and Mg—Fe, provide sustained heat release and heat retention tailored by addition of PCMs. The modulation may include timed/controlled release from encapsulated reactants and may include particles with tailored size distribution and different burn characteristics. The phase change materials used include organics (paraffins, non paraffins and fatty acids) and inorganics (salt hydrates). The selection of PCM is based on compatibility with the reacting mix, added reacting aqueous medium, and the desired temperature the system is to be held constant or temperature range it is desired to be modulated.

Abstract: The chemical reactions modulation of temperature and dissipate heat through using phase change materials (PCM). Hydration of a mixture composed of encapsulated and/or non-encapsulated oxides such as calcium oxide and/or magnesium oxide and dehydrated and/or hydrated zeolite coupled with control of pH of mixture through compounds such as Citric acid, or combination exothermic mixes, such as Cao and Mg—Fe, provide sustained heat release and heat retention tailored by addition of PCMs. The modulation may include timed/controlled release from encapsulated reactants and may include particles with tailored size distribution and different burn characteristics. The phase change materials used include organics (paraffins, non paraffins and fatty acids) and inorganics (salt hydrates). The selection of PCM is based on compatibility with the reacting mix, added reacting aqueous medium, and the desired temperature the system is to be held constant or temperature range it is desired to be modulated.

Abstract: An apparatus for warming substances comprising a container, said container including a first compartment containing a substance that reacts exothermically with water, a second compartment containing water, wherein said second compartment is attached to said first compartment by a valve, and a third compartment, wherein at least 50% of the third compartment's volume is surrounded by said first compartment, and wherein said first and third compartments are separated by a thermally conductive wall. In a preferred embodiment, the substance that reacts exothermically with water is an anhydrous zeolite.

Abstract: Self-heating containers comprise a reaction chamber and a heating chamber. The heating chamber is sized to contain a substance to be heated. The reaction chamber contains reactants which, when contacted, exothermically react. The reaction chamber is divided into a first compartment and a second compartment with a barrier therebetween. The barrier comprises a first barrier portion and a second barrier portion. A centering element can be used to facilitate alignment of the barrier portions.

Abstract: Self-heating containers comprise a reaction chamber and a heating chamber. The heating chamber is sized to contain a substance to be heated. The reaction chamber contains reactants which, when contacted, exothermically react. The reaction chamber is divided into a first compartment and a second compartment with a barrier therebetween. The barrier comprises a first barrier portion and a second barrier portion. The first barrier portion is attached to a reaction chamber wall and has an opening sized to allow reactants to flow through from one compartment to the other. The second barrier portion is attached to the first barrier portion to close the opening. The barrier can be opened by moving an actuator into engagement with the second barrier portion to dislodge the second barrier portion from the first barrier portion and thereby open the barrier.

Abstract: Instant self-heating containers include a combinable reactant and activator used to generate an exothermic reaction for heating contents of the container. One instant self-heating container includes a target container, a pierceable activator container and a reaction chamber. Piercing the activator container causes activator to combine with the reactant and cause an exothermic reaction that heats the target container. The container may be used as depilatory wax dispenser. Another instant self-heating container includes an outer housing containing a contents pouch and a reactant, and capped by a lid having an activator chamber. Rupturing the activator chamber allows activator to combine with the reactant in an exothermic reaction to heat the contents pouch. Another instant self-heating container includes a flexible outer tube containing contents to be heated, a flexible reaction vessel, and a frangible activator vessel.

Abstract: A heating apparatus includes an elongated flexible envelope (4) comprising two sheets (6), (8) that are attached to each other along permanent side seams (10), (12) and along a permanent bottom seam (14) and a moisture-activated chemical heater (16) disposed inside envelope (4), wherein envelope (4) is folded over on itself and secured by temporary side seams (18), (20) and a permanent top seam (22) to form a continuous moisture barrier surrounding the moisture activated chemical heater (16) and wherein heater (2) may be opened for use by removing top seam (22) and unfolding envelope (4) by unpeeling temporary seals (18), (20) to provide unfolded envelope (4), wherein sheets (6) and (8) remain sealed along permanent seams (10), (12) and (14), but wherein envelope (4) now has an open top end (30).

Abstract: A container for housing and producing a liquid comestible product and in situ heating or cooling thereof is constructed for rotation of the lid to release a comestible powder into water. Rotation of the base causes a chemical reaction to be initiated for heating or cooling the comestible powder/water blend.

Abstract: A self-heating container (1, 2) to prepare a fresh hot beverage containing a compartment containing a heat-delivering substance (8) to heat the liquid in the device, an airtight compartment (11) containing a measured amount of liquid to be heated, an airtight compartment containing a measured amount of dry matter for preparing a hot beverage, a filter (11) for separating the dry matter from the liquid (optional) and a compartment containing a measured amount of liquid to actuate the heat-delivering substance (8) with the attribute that the heat-delivering substance is actuated (13) simultaneously with the release of the dry matter to the compartment containing the measured amount of liquid to be heated during actuation.

Abstract: Self-heating containers comprise a reaction chamber and a heating chamber. The heating chamber is sized to contain a substance to be heated. The reaction chamber contains reactants which, when contacted, exothermically react. The reaction chamber is divided into a first compartment and a second compartment with a barrier therebetween. The barrier comprises a first barrier portion and a second barrier portion. The first barrier portion is attached to a reaction chamber wall and has an opening sized to allow reactants to flow through from one compartment to the other. The second barrier portion is attached to the first barrier portion to close the opening. The barrier can be opened by moving an actuator into engagement with the second barrier portion to dislodge the second barrier portion from the first barrier portion and thereby open the barrier.

Abstract: Less hazardous methods for generating thermal energy for heating water, medical supplies or comestible products using improved flameless chemical heaters/flameless ration heaters by novel chemical or electrochemical means, each capable of suppressing the generation of hydrogen gas. Remote unit self-heating meals may be more rapidly heated by forming a reaction mixture comprising magnesium or a magnesium-containing alloy, and a hydrogen eliminator or suppressor, and introducing water to react the reaction mixture and generate a more rapid release of thermal energy sufficient to effectuate a more accelerated temperature rise and more rapid heating of medical supplies, water, rations or other comestible substances while simultaneously suppressing or eliminating the generation of potentially hazardous hydrogen.

Abstract: Exothermic reactions are used in self heating products, such as food, beverages, and clothing. Temperature peaks are important as heat can cause user injuries or increase pressures within the heating container to unsafe levels. Disclosed is a composition that modulates chemical reactions by control of the reaction initiation. Solid exothermic reactants, like calcium oxide and zeolite, are wetted with a combination of water and at least one surfactant, such as polyethylene glycol. The use of surfactants limits the initial rate of wetting, and also provides modulation of the reaction by changing phase. Optional addition of weak acids or acid salts modulated temperature and pH.

Abstract: Disclosed is various embodiments of a self-heating or self-cooling container with a number of improved features in overcoming the problems associated with existing containers, including, but not limited to, an improved breaking device designed to maximize the mixture and reaction between different reactants, an insulating lip to prevent heat loss in the heating process, a simple and efficient design of the container, and enhancements in manufacturing and assembling a self-heating or self-cooling container.

Abstract: A self-heating beverage container includes a housing defining an open interior area for holding a liquid and defining a cavity separated from the open interior area. The container includes a heater portion removably coupled to the housing within the cavity. First and second reactants may be positioned in the cartridge area where they may be selectively combined to produce heat when a seal between them is punctured, causing the liquid to be heated. The container includes a selection portion that is selectively separable from the housing. A plurality of flavoring agents is positioned in the selection portion, each flavoring agent being separated from each other flavoring agent. Each flavoring agent is selectively separated from said open interior area by at least one breakable barrier. Each breakable barrier may be selectively pierced so as to dispense an ingredient into the liquid where it may be selectively mixed and heated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus, in some embodiments a hand-held apparatus, and a method for the production of steam through contacting reactants and a catalyst.

Abstract: An apparatus which is self-contained, disposable, utilized for protecting the distal lens of endoscopes. The apparatus is sterile and is used as a holder or as an anti-fog solution applicator for the scope while protecting it from impact with a shock absorbent outer housing. A new method for protecting endoscopes by placing an inexpensive sterile protective cover over the distal lens of the endoscope which entails, placing the protector over the distal lens prior to medical procedure, protective cover is used intermittently and repeatedly during the medical procedure when the scope is not in use. Finally, at the end of the medical procedure the protective cover is placed over the distal lens and not removed until the scope reaches the area where it will be cleaned and sterilized. By protecting the scope prior to, during and after a medical procedure, endoscope repairs are reduced thereby saving hospitals money.

Abstract: The present invention is a package for selectively heating or cooling a food product of the package utilizing a temperature-changing pack disposed within an inner container. The temperature-changing pack is formed in a manner which prevents the inadvertent or premature mixing of the chemical reagents to initiate the heating or cooling reaction. Further, the temperature-changing pack is positioned within the inner container at a location where the food product comes into contact with the pack on multiple sides to maximize the heat transfer between pack and the food product. The inner container can be positioned within a reusable outer sleeve that insulates the inner container to further maximize the heat transfer between the pack and the food product.

Abstract: A hydrogen suppressing, flameless, heat generating chemical composition including magnesium or a magnesium-containing alloy, a hydrogen suppressor or eliminator, particulate carbon, a metallic salt including a cation and an anion and water. The anion is selected from the group consisting of silicate, carbonate, bicarbonate, phosphate, borate, perborate, percarbonate, perphosphate, persulfate, nitrate, nitrite, ferrate, permanganate, and stannate and combinations thereof. The magnesium or magnesium-containing alloy, hydrogen suppressor or eliminator, particulate carbon, metallic salt and water are each present in a proportional amount to generate sufficient heat to heat water, medical supplies and/or consumable rations.

Abstract: A steam-generating warming article 1 which has a steam generating element 2 making use of chemical energy and is adapted to supply steam while in contact with a human body. The article 1, while in contact with the body, maintains the skin surface temperature at 38° to 49° C. for 3 to 15 hours and cumulatively generates 0.5 to 12 mg/3 hr·cm2 of steam. The steam-generating warning article 1 is used to improve the human body's physiology. The steam generating element 2 is preferably a heat generating sheet prepared by incorporating an aqueous electrolyte solution into a molded sheet containing an oxidizable metal, a reaction accelerator, and a fibrous material.

Abstract: A cartridge comprising: a first reactant cavity for containing a first reactant; a second reactant cavity for containing a second reactant, which second reactant cavity is in an operative condition located below the first reactant cavity; a frangible barrier separating the first and second reactant cavities; a flexible member defined at an end of the first reactant cavity remote the barrier, the member having a receiving formation on an inner surface thereof for receiving an end of an elongate member therein, which elongate member extends towards the barrier; one or more openings located in an operatively upper region of the second reactant cavity; and where in use, the integrity of the barrier is disrupted by a force acting on an outer surface of the flexible member to displace it towards the barrier, thereby causing the elongate member to disrupt the integrity of the barrier and permitting the first and second reactants to react with each other. A kit comprising the cartridge disclosed above.

Abstract: A system and associated method is used for warming an endoscope, laparoscope, or other such instrument to minimize fogging. The preferred embodiment comprises a pad for wrapping around an instrument, including a one or more substances operative to generate heat through an exothermic reaction; and an activation disc located around the periphery of the pad to provide for convenient user access. In the preferred embodiment, the activator is a mixture of water and sodium acetate, and the disc is made of perforated stainless steel. A housing contains the pad in sleeve form and an optional heat-conductive tube to receive the instrument around which the pad is wrapped. The pad may be partitioned.

Abstract: To provide a heat generating body in which a space can be surely secured in the surroundings of a heat generating composition and heat insulation of the heat generating composition, adjustment of the quantity of air to be taken in and prevention of dispersion of water can be achieved.

Abstract: There is provided an active iron powder which is suitable for a heat generating composition of a heat generating body, is excellent in rising properties and is excellent in economy by using an iron powder which is generally produced at present and modifying its function into an active iron powder suitable as a raw material of a heat generating body. The invention is concerned with an active iron powder to be contained in a heat generating composition capable of generating heat upon contact with air, characterized in that in the active iron powder, a part of the surface of the iron powder is covered by an iron oxide film; and that a thickness of the iron oxide film is from 3 nm to 100 ?m and is not more than 50% of the total thickness of the active iron powder.

Abstract: A self-heating or self-cooling container, which uses a chemical reaction to effect heating or cooling. The reagents for the chemical reaction are stored separately in two sealed compartments (5, 6) having a common dividing wall (7), which can move within the compartments to expand the volume of one compartment at the expense of the other compartment. This arrangement allows efficient use of space within the reaction module of the can, which is particularly important where large amounts of reagent are required to obtain the necessary heating or cooling effect and where the products of the chemical reaction occupy a significantly increased volume compared to the initial reagent in the compartment.

Abstract: This invention relates to a self-heating or self-cooling container (1), which uses an exothermic or endothermic re-action to provide or remove heat from the contents of the container. The chemical reaction includes a fluid consistuent (either as a reagent or solvent), held in a reservoir (6), which is added to another reagent in the reaction chamber (5) to initiate the reaction. The container (1) according to the invention proposes a means (8, 91) to control the volume of this fluid constituent added to the reaction chamber (5) depending on the ambient temperature of the container.

Abstract: A sterile, self-contained, disposable apparatus used for heating and applying solution to the distal end of endoscopes as well as an endoscopic lens protector. The heating mechanism is chemical, electrical or a combination of both. Further the apparatus serves as a self sealing container for the storage and application of anti-fog solution. By placing the apparatus over the distal scope prior to surgery, the scope is protected from damage from other instruments or trays. At the same time the distal lens is submerged in the warm anti-fog solution and it is uniformly and completely coated. Heat is transferred to the instrument from the solution in one example to act as an important and additional measure to prevent fogging of the lens. By heating the solution and the instrument, the drastic temperature difference between the interior of the body (98.6) and the instrument is eliminated. This inhibits the condensation of moisture, which always occurs upon inserting the cool scope inside the warm body.

Abstract: Reaction mixtures that include exothermic generating particles having a water soluble coating encasing a portion of the particles, a volatile component and, optionally an aqueous solution, and a buffer. The reaction mixtures are especially suited to generate heat in a controllable manner. In one such controlled reaction, the reaction components are mixed together and the mixture increases in temperature to a Set Temperature within a predetermined time, and the mixture remains at the Set Temperature for a longer period of time. In this manner, volatile components can be controllably released to the surrounding environment. The volatile components can be, for example, a perfume, a fragrance, an insect repellent, a fumigant, a disinfectant, a bactericide, an insecticide, a pesticide, a germicide, an acaricide, a sterilizer, a deodorizer, a fogging agent and mixtures of these. Apparatuses and methods that use these reaction mixtures are also disclosed.

Abstract: Multi-layer reaction mixtures that includes exothermic generating particles having a water soluble coating encasing a portion of the particles, a volatile component and, optionally, a buffer, an aqueous solution or both. At least two layers of the reaction mixture contain exothermic generating particles and at least one layer of the reaction mixture contains a portion of the exothermic generating particles suspended in a gel that includes the water soluble coating. These multi-layer reaction mixtures are especially suited to generate heat in a controllable manner. In one such controlled reaction, the reaction components are mixed together and the reaction mixture increases in temperature to a Set Temperature within a predetermined time, and the mixture remains at the Set Temperature for a longer period of time. In this manner, volatile components can be controllably released to the surrounding environment.

Abstract: A steam generator device has a first and a second chamber, and walls mutually isolating the two chambers. Reagents which react together to generate steam when in mutual contact are mutually separated by a barrier, and disposed in the first chamber. An opening member forms a first opening between the chambers and a second opening through the barrier. Hence the reagents come into contact via said second opening, the reagents react thereby generating steam, and the steam flows through the first opening into the second chamber.

Abstract: A portable heating pack utilizing a supercorroding metallic alloy that produces heat and gaseous hydrogen upon contacting a corroding liquid. The portable heating pack provides for the consumption and/or storage of the gaseous hydrogen rather than venting the gaseous hydrogen from the portable heating pack.

Abstract: A disposable self-heating assembly for use for heating the contents of a container, including a container pre-filled with liquid, a heating unit support element, and a disposable heating unit. The disposable heating unit includes a first region containing a first combination of at least two solid substances which undergo an exothermic chemical reaction which is non-spontaneous at room temperature requiring relatively high activation energy. Adjacent to the first region is an ignition region containing a second combination of at least two solid substances which undergo an exothermic chemical reaction which is non-spontaneous at room temperature requiring relatively low activation energy. A primer is configured for ignition in close proximity to the second combination of solid substances in the ignition region.

Abstract: A self-heating container (10) has an internal cavity (22) for its contents and an external cavity (20) for a heating mechanism, for example, comprised of first and second chemically reactive materials which are arranged to be mixed when heating is required. A closure (30) closes the external cavity (20). When the heating mechanism is operated to mix the chemicals and cause an exothermic reaction, vapor, such as steam and hot air, is produced. The vapor is constrained to flow to the exterior of the closure (30) through grooves (62) therein. A sleeve (60) is arranged around the container (10) contiguous to the closure (30) such that the exiting vapor is constrained to flow between the sleeve (30) and the can (10). By this means, a user of the can is protected from coming into contact with the hot steam and air and the heat in the vapor generated can enhance the heating process.

Abstract: A thermic module for a self-heating container. The container includes a bottom end with a cavity having internal walls formed therein for receiving the thermic module. The thermic module will be comprised of a first cup having plastic walls and containing a first chemical reactant. The module will also include a second cup containing a second chemical reactant and a dividing wall positioned between the first and second cups such that the first and second chemical reactants cannot mix. An end cap will be positioned below the second cup and will retain the second chemical reactant within the second cup. An actuator for puncturing the dividing wall will be positioned between the end cap and the dividing wall. Finally, the walls of the first cup are formed of a plastic of sufficient thinness and having a sufficiently low Vicat Softening Point such that the plastic walls will expand into contact with the internal walls of the container cavity upon mixing of the first and second chemical reactants.

Abstract: A bottle warming apparatus for use while traveling or doing outdoor activities. The bottle warming apparatus includes a tubular main member having an open end, closed end and an interior perimeter wall positioned such that the interior perimeter wall and the closed end define a bottle holding space designed for snugly receiving a bottle, the main member also includes an outer perimeter wall positioned in spaced relationship with the interior perimeter wall; a fluid positioned in the interior space; a frangible bubble positioned in the interior space, a pellet positioned in the frangible bubble which causes an exothermic reaction when the pellet contacts the fluid when the frangible bubble is broken; the outer perimeter wall is flexible to permit squeezing of the interior space to break the frangible bubble causing the fluid contacts and the pellet to initiate the exothermic reaction heating the bottle positioned in the bottle holding space.

Abstract: A flexible temperature changing package for heating or cooling a contained item or product including a temperature changing element adjacent to the item and an offset activation point that prevents damage to item.

Abstract: A thermic module for a self-heating container. The container includes a bottom end with a cavity having internal walls formed therein for receiving the thermic module. The thermic module will be comprised of a first cup having plastic walls and containing a first chemical reactant. The module will also include a second cup containing a second chemical reactant and a dividing wall positioned between the first and second cups such that the first and second chemical reactants cannot mix. An end cap will be positioned below the second cup and will retain the second chemical reactant within the second cup. An actuator for puncturing the dividing wall will be positioned between the end cap and the dividing wall. Finally, the walls of the first cup are formed of a plastic of sufficient thinness and having a sufficiently low Vicat Softening Point such that the plastic walls will expand into contact with the internal walls of the container cavity upon mixing of the first and second chemical reactants.

Abstract: A package enables even aged people and children to warm up foods packaged therein by simply inverting a tank and tearing a sealing member sealing the tank. The package (1) includes an outer vessel (2) having a bottom wall (6b) and projections (7) projecting upward from the bottom wall (6b), an inner vessel (3) placed in the outer vessel (2) so as to form a heat generating block containing space (11) and a tank containing space (12) together with the outer vessel (2), a heat generating block (14) contained in the heat generating block containing space (11), and a tank (4) sealed by a sealing member (18), containing a heat generation promoting agent, having recesses (16) in which the projections (7) engage and placed in the tank containing space (12).

Abstract: A meal trolley has an insulated casing and food dishes or plates supported therein for cooling and heating by thermochemical reactions. The reagents of the chemical reactions are stored in containers and reservoirs carried by the trolley and selectively connected to provide the self-contained cooling or heating.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a mujlti-compartment pack for colling or heating products. The pack includes a first compartment with a solid matter or a liquid and a second compartment with a liquid wherein the first and second compartment are separated by a removable wall.

Abstract: A self-heating container (10) has an internal cavity (22) for its contents and an external cavity (20) for a heating mechanism, for example, comprised of first and second chemically reactive materials which are arranged to be mixed when heating is required. A closure (30) closes the external cavity (20). When the heating mechanism is operated to mix the chemicals and cause an exothermic reaction, vapor, such as steam and hot air, is produced. The vapor is constrained to flow to the exterior of the closure (30) through grooves (62) therein. A sleeve (60) is arranged around the container (10) contiguous to the closure (30) such that the exiting vapor is constrained to flow between the sleeve (30) and the can (10). By this means, a user of the can is protected from coming into contact with the hot steam and air and the heat in the vapor generated can enhance the heating process.

Abstract: A closure (30) for a container is designed to facilitate the mixing of a first material within the container with a second material within the closure at the point of use. The first and second materials are generally chemically reactive. The plastics material closure (30) has a base (32) and a lid (34). The base (32), which is circular, has an annular peripheral rim (36) defining an annular recess (38) by which the closure (30) may be clipped onto a container (10). Radially inwardly of the rim (36) is an upstanding peripheral wall (40) defining a chamber (42) for containing the second material. A plunger (44) is affixed to the base (32) centrally of a convex button (50). When mixing of the first and second materials is required, the container (10) is positioned so that the base (32) of the closure is uppermost, and the button (50) is pressed to move the plunger (44) to push the lid (34) out of the opening of the chamber (42).

Abstract: A method and apparatus utilizing an exothermic reaction to generate a heated gas that warms a baby bottle, providing a baby bottle warmer that is portable, convenient to use, simple, and lightweight. In one embodiment, a heating vessel holds the baby bottle and a vessel top removably attaches to an upper section of the heating vessel. A solution release mechanism situated in a lower section of said heating vessel includes a solution container having an activating liquid disposed therein, and a device for puncturing the solution container responsive to pressure supplied by insertion of the baby bottle. A heating element situated below the solution release mechanism includes a material for exothermically reacting with the activating liquid to generate the heated gas. In one embodiment, when a baby bottle is inserted into the bottle warmer, an upper and lower unit are pressured together to release a saline solution onto a magnesium wafer.