Abstract: A method for dewatering slurry product streams of a corn wet milling process is disclosed. The dewatering process uses an automatic pressure filter to perform the dewatering. The filter is operated at 4 to 20 bars pressure for about 5 to 25 minutes. Such filter is shown to have an improved efficiency over conventional mechanical filtering devices.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for producing highly pure rhamnose from gum arabic, which the process comprises after partially hydrolyzing gum arabic in an aqueous solution of a mineral acid, neutralyzing and condensing the liquid hydrolyzate, thereby obtaining an aqueous solution containing from 40 to 70% by weight of organic substances, adding a polar organic solvent in an amount of from 5 to 20 times by volume of the amount of the aqueous solution, thereby precipitating an insolubilized substance, removing the insolubilized substance from a mixture of the aqueous solution and the polar organic solvent, removing the polar organic solvent from the mixture, thereby obtaining an aqueous solution containing monosaccharides formed by the hydrolysis of gum arabic, and subjecting the thus obtained aqueous solution to strongly cationic ion-exchanging resin-chromatography and then to a method of adsorption and separation by using activated carbon, thereby obtaining the highly pure rhamnose from the aqueous solution.

Abstract: A scrubbing process for high feed concentrations of different materials in liquid streams.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for readily and efficiently preparing L-rhamnose with the use of a marine alga belonging to the family Monostromaceae, Ulvales.According to the process of the present invention, rhamnan sulfate is extracted from a marine alga belonging to the family Monostromaceae such as Monostroma nitidium Wittrock and the obtained extract is hydrolyzed by adding acid(s) thereto followed by heating or treating thereof with a cation exchange resin followed by heating to thereby give a solution containing free L-rhamnose.Since the solution thus obtained contains a large amount of salts, the removal of these salts is significantly important in the preparation of L-rhamnose. In the present invention, an effective process therefor is combined with a conventional method by using an ion exchange resin to thereby establish an efficient desalting process.

Abstract: The invention is a process for the removal of impurities comprising phenolics, dextrans or amino nitrogen from an aqueous saccharide solution. The solution is contacted with a sorbent, which itself is also an embodiment of the invention, comprising a cationic nitrogenous surfactant, the molecules of which contain at least one alkyl group of at least 8 carbon atoms, deposited on the surface of a microporous hydrophobic polymeric support. The deposition is accomplished by contacting a solution of the surfactant in an appropriate solvent with the support. The impurities are adsorbed onto the sorbent and the aqueous saccharide solution is removed from contact with the sorbent. The solvent must be completely miscible with the saccharide solution and the solution of the surfactant in the solvent must have a maximum sorbent wetting rate of at least 100 g/m.sup.2.min., and a sorbent bed retention of at least 140%, based on the bed interstitial volume.

Abstract: This invention relates to products obtained from sugar mill boiler ash, methods of using such products as a filtration material, and/or adsorbent material and methods of manufacturing such products. More specifically, this invention relates to filtration materials, with either a low or relatively high activated carbon content derived from the combustion of sugar cane residues whose characteristics and properties can be preselected and controlled to provide predetermined performance characteristics, and methods of obtaining such products through processing techniques which control the properties of such products. The invention also provides adsorbent materials of very high carbon content useful for applications other than a filter medium.

Abstract: A process for separating a monosaccharide from an aqueous solution comprising monosaccharides and a second component comprising a polysaccharide. The mixture is contacted with a mixed matrix membrane comprising a adsorbent or molecular sieve material dispersed in an organic polymer in which the monosaccharide has a greater steady state permeability than the polysaccharide. The monosaccharide passes through the membrane, and is recovered. Particular mixed matrix membranes found to be useful in separating mono from polysaccharides are silicalite, gamma-alumina, activated carbon or a calcium exchanged Y-zeolite dispersed in cellulose acetate or polyelectrolyte complex polymers.

Abstract: The modification of a diffusion barrier by the deposition of one or more inorganic species within the pores and on to the surfaces of said diffusion barrier to form an immobilized crystalline lattice barrier or molecular grid having substantially uniform permeability and to select and separate different ionic species, giving a high efficiency of separation with a low energy input. The diffusion barrier is characterized by one or more units, each incorporating a tubular housing with a bundle of porous hollow fibres therein, arranged in the axial direction of the housing. The inorganic crystalline lattice is exemplified by barium sulphate (BaSO.sub.4) formed by the interdiffusion of barium hydroxide (Ba(OH).sub.2) and sulphuric acid (H.sub.2 SO.sub.4) solutions, or, alternatively, co-precipitated aluminium hydroxide (Al(OH).sub.2) and barium sulphate (BaSO.sub.4) formed by the interdiffusion of barium hydroxide (Ba(OH).sub.2) and aluminum sulphate (Al.sub.2 (SO.sub.4).sub.3) solutions.

Abstract: A process for the liquid phase adsorptive separation of arabinose from an aqueous feed mixture of monosaccharides containing arabinose along with other aldopentoses and aldohexoses. The feed is contacted with a calcium-Y or clacium-X type zeolite. Arabinose is selectively adsorbed to the substantial exclusion of other aldoses and thereafter is recovered in high purity by desorption with water or ethanol. The process can be carried out on a commercial scale by means of a simulated moving bed flow scheme.

Abstract: Sulfite spent liquor is subjected to a two-step chromatographic separation to form substantially purified fractions of sugars and lignosulfonates. The process for the separation of sugars and lignosulfonates comprises the steps of(a) introducing sulfite spent liquor with a pH of 2.5 to 3.5 onto a chromatographic column containing a resin in metal salt form;(b) eluting the sulfite spent liquor from the column with water to recover a substantially sugar-free lignosulfonate-rich fraction and a sugar-rich fraction;(c) collecting the sugar-rich fraction for further purification;(d) adjusting the pH of the collected sugar-rich material to between 5.5 and 6.5 and introducing the material onto a second chromatographic column containing a resin in monovalent salt form; and(e) eluting the sugar-rich material from the second column with water, whereby a second sugar-rich fraction and a second lignosulfonate-rich fraction are formed.

Abstract: To produce an unprocessed complete cane sugar with approximately the color and flavor of fresh sugarcane juice and still containing valuable amino acids and vitamins, only up to 50% of the sugarcane juice in terms of the weight of the cane is pressed from ripe, de-leaved, and clean sugarcane with a high sucrose content, the juice is pasteurized at a temperature above the second flocculation point of the waxes, fats, proteins, and pentosans, the flocculate is gently separated out, the purified juice gently thickened below the pasteurization temperature, and the resulting syrup converted into a dry and pourable product by suddenly extracting the residual water.

Abstract: A process for chromatographic separation of dextrose from starch hydrolysate wherein the aqueous raffinate produced by contacting the starch hydrolysate with a chromatographic column or bed is treated with glucoamylase and recycled, at least in part, for use as an eluant for dextrose. An immobilized glucoamylase is used in the treatment to produce an aqueous dextrose-containing solution. It is this solution that is recycled and used, at least in part, as the eluant in the chromatographic column or bed used in the process.

Abstract: Novel, highly useful, sweet fructose-containing syrups also containing fructooligosaccharides are provided herein by the partial or substantially complete hydrolysis of inulin. The process includes first providing an aqueous solution containing inulin from Jerusalem artichoke tubers or chicory roots. Then the warm aqueous solution of inulin is passed through a column containing a strong acid cation-exchange resin, thereby providing an effluent having a pH of about 2.0-about 3.0. The effluent is then hydrolyzed by heating at a temperature of about 70.degree.-about 100.degree. C., and the hydrolyzate is passed through a column containing of about 6.5-about 7.0. resin, thereby providing an effluent having a pH about 6.5-about 7.0. Optionally, after the hydrolysis step, the hydrolyzate is decolorized by contact with activated or granular charcoal. The effluent is then concentrated to a syrup containing less water than the effluent, e.g. one containing about 40-about 70% solids.

Abstract: An improved process for purifying sweetener solutions is described. This process features passing crude sweetener solution through a series of adsorption materials, preferably arranged in the following order; cation exchange resin, microporous adsorbent, anion exchange resin.

Abstract: A method for treating a sugar syrup to neutralize, decolorize and decalcify the sugar syrup during the clarification and decolorization process of sugar refining comprises contacting a sugar syrup with a neutralizing precoat filter layer disposed on a porous support means. The precoat filter layer comprises a liquid slurry constituted by an aqueous suspension of fibrous filter aid material and a neutralizing amount of particulate, crystalline alumino-siliate molecular sieve having an average particle size of less than 10 microns.

Abstract: The sugar content of citrus press liquor is enhanced by separating citrus solids, extracting fructose, glucose, and sucrose from the solids, and recombining the aqueous extract to increase the sugar content thereof. By inversion of the sucrose present in the sugar-enhanced press liquor, a high fructose syrup can be readily obtained which is indistinguishable from high fructose corn syrup. When separation is effected by centrifugation, a biocidally active colloidal phase is formed from which citrus terpenes and limonene can be extracted, resulting in a press liquor suitable for fermentation. The solid residue remaining after extraction can also be recycled with the remaining press cake.

Abstract: A process for the bulk separation of sorbitol from a solution of a carbohydrate mixture by selective adsorption on a zeolite molecular sieve having a faujasite type structure and having predominantly Ca.sup.++ cations in association with the AlO.sub.2.sup.- tetrahedra thereof.

Abstract: Sucrose which is found in molasses such as beet molasses or cane molasses may be selectively extracted therefrom by passing an aqueous solution of the molasses over a solid adsorbent such as activated carbon. The sucrose will be selectively adsorbed thereon and separated from the betaine and mineral salts, specifically potassium chloride, in the molasses. The sucrose is then removed from the adsorbent by treatment with a desorbent material comprising an alcohol. An essential step in the process is the flushing of the desorbent from the adsorbent with water prior to the subsequent contact of the adsorbent with the feed stream.

Abstract: A process for purifying sugarcane juices by contacting the juices to be purified in succession with a hydrophobic adsorbent, a supported strong anion exchange material or a hydrophobic adsorbent having anion exchanger groups, an anion exchange resin, and a cation exchange resin. The process may be used to purify low-grade sugar solutions. The process may be used in the sugar industries to obtain sugar syrups, sucrose, aconitic acid, and amino acids.

Abstract: A method for removing impurities including humic substances, gums, polysaccharides, proteins or a mixture thereof from an amino acid fermented liquor obtained from cane, beet molasses, or a mixture thereof, said amino acid being selected from the group consisting of glutamic acid, lysine, and a mixture thereof; said method comprising:(a) adjusting the pH of the fermented liquor to a value of from 2-5 to precipitate said impurities, said impurities having an isoelectric point falling within a pH range of 2-5;(b) ultrafiltering said impurities from said fermented liquor using a semipermeable ultrafiltration membrane.

Abstract: A process for the separation of sucrose from molasses and the unique adsorbent used to accomplish the separation. The adsorbent comprises a mixture of an ion retardation resin and a calcium and potassium cation exchanged nuclearly sulfonated styrene cation exchange resin having about 8% crosslinkage. In the process, the molasses feedstock is passed through a bed of the adsorbent and the sugar components, including sucrose, are eluted first and the mineral salts and betaine selectively retained. The retained components may be desorbed with water.

Abstract: The preparation of syrups which contain a high glucose or maltose content may be effected in a two-step process. In the first step, a feedstock such as starch which has been pretreated with alpha-amylase to adjust the dextrose equivalent is contacted with an enzyme such as amyloglucosidase or beta-amylase immobilized on a solid support. The contact time is adjusted by correlating the residence time and the liquid hourly space velocity so as to provide a conversion percentage of starch in the range of from about 50% to 85%, thus avoiding the formation of undesired conversion products. The partially hydrolyzed reaction mixture from the enzyme treatment is then passed through an ultrafiltration membrane whereby the permeate comprising the high glucose or maltose content is recovered, while the retentate is recycled for admixture with the partially hydrolyzed reaction mixture or for further treatment with the immobilized enzyme.

Abstract: A process for the purification of sugar liquors with activated carbon is described. The use of activated carbon with an iodine number at least 1200 and an average particle size in the range of 0.4 mm to 4.0 mm allows for increased flow rates resulting in high yield of purified sugar liquors.

Abstract: A process for the bulk separation of inositol and/or sorbitol is disclosed which comprises the selective adsorption of same on certain types of zeolitic molecular sieves. The process is especially useful for separating inositol from aqueous solutions containing same, using type X and type Y zeolite adsorbents whose cations are Na, Ca or Ba.

Abstract: Sucrose which is found in thick juice such as obtained from sugar beet or sugar cane may be selectively extracted therefrom by passing an aqueous solution of the thick juice over a solid adsorbent comprising a stabilized type Y zeolite such as Union Carbide Corporation LZ-Y20 adsorbent, preferably bound with a water permeable organic polymer. The sucrose will be selectively adsorbed thereon and separated from other thick juice ingredients such as raffinose, KCl and betaine. The sucrose is then removed from the adsorbent by treatment with a desorbent material comprising an alcohol. The desorbent is flushed from the adsorbent with water prior to the subsequent contact of the adsorbent with the feed stream.

Abstract: Method of purifying sugar juice which has been prepared by extraction of a sugar beet material comprising mechanically separating undissolved components, chemically treating the juice to convert low molecular non-sugars into higher molecular compounds and to convert non-soluble compounds into soluble compounds and ultrafiltering the sugar juice thus obtained to separate high molecular components therefrom, thus obtaining a purified sugar juice which is suitable for the manufacture of crystalline sugar of a higher quality than conventionally purified sugar juice.

Abstract: An improved process for separating a component from a feed mixture comprising an aqueous solution of a mixture of different components, such as a mixture of saccharides. In the process the mixture is contacted with a zeolite which selectively adsorbs a component from the feed mixture. The adsorbed component is then recovered by contacting the adsorbent with a desorbent material such as water to effect the desorption of the adsorbed component from the adsorbent. There is an undesirable tendency for the silicon constituent of the zeolite to dissolve in the aqueous system. The improvement to the process comprises the impregnation of the zeolite with a binder material comprising a water permeable organic polymer which substantially reduces the undesirable dissolution. The adsorbent is manufactured by mixing together powder of the zeolite, powders of the organic polymer binder, and a liquid organic solvent, extruding the mixture into an extrudate and drying the extrudate.

Abstract: Date fruits are extracted by a wet grinding operation after addition of water and subsequent filtration of the homogenized product with the aid of a cellulosic filter aid. The date pits may be used as the filter aid. A fermentation may be carried out before the filtration. A high concentrate feed material is thus obtained.

Abstract: Caramel color concentrates are prepared by subjecting a mixture of caramel color and water to ultrafiltration through a semi-permeable membrane, wherein the pH and/or ionic strength of the caramel color/water mixture, at all or particular stages of the ultrafiltration process, is regulated so as to obtain desirable processing and product attributes, such as increased retention of desired properties of the starting caramel color, increased removal of low molecular weight materials during ultrafiltration and increased rates of ultrafiltration.

Abstract: Sucrose which is found in molasses such as beet molasses or cane molasses may be selectively extracted therefrom by passing an aqueous solution of the molasses over an adsorbent comprising activated carbon powder bound with a binder material comprising a water permeable organic polymer. The sucrose will be selectively adsorbed thereon and separated from the mineral salts and betaine in the molasses. The sucrose is then removed from the adsorbent by treatment with a desorbent material comprising a water and methanol mixture.

Abstract: Sucrose which is found in molasses such as beet molasses or cane molasses may be selectively extracted therefrom by passing an aqueous solution of the molasses over a solid adsorbent such as activated carbon. The sucrose will be selectively adsorbed thereon and separated from the betaine and mineral salts, specifically potassium chloride, in the molasses. The sucrose is then removed from the adsorbent by treatment with a desorbent material comprising an alcohol. In applying the simulated moving bed countercurrent flow system to this separation, the presence of the alcohol in the adsorbent will seriously impede the adsorption of the sucrose. The present invention incorporates a water flush stream into such a system in a unique manner which, among other things, precludes the presence of alcohol in the adsorption zone.

Abstract: Lactulose is selectively adsorbed from admixture with lactose using specific cationic forms (particularly barium or potassium) of modified zeolite Y.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for refining sugar solutions with magnesia wherein magnesia used for refining of a sugar solution is calcined together with pearlite and/or diatomaceous earth at least in an amount of the same weight as that of the magnesia and the resulting calcined mixture is used for refining of the sugar solution again.

Abstract: Lactose having reproducible pH and a lowered ash level can be produced from lactose rich permeate resulting from the ultrafiltration of whey, by adding a small amount of a chelating agent such as a salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as, for instance, the disodium salt, the calcium disodium salt, or an alkali metal polyphosphate, as sodium hexametaphosphate to the lactose containing permeate prior to crystallization of the lactose.

Abstract: Various sugars and particularly sucrose may be separated from mixtures of sugars including glucose, fructose, raffinose, etc. by treating an aqueous solution of the sugar source containing these sugars with an adsorbent which will selectively adsorb sucrose thereon. Thereafter the sucrose may be desorbed from the adsorbent by treatment with a desorbent material. In the process of the present invention the adsorbent will comprise a shaped replicate of a particle aggregate comprising a carbonaceous pyropolymer containing recurring units of at least carbon and hydrogen atoms while the desorbent material will comprise an aqueous alcoholic solution. The preferred alcohols contain methanol and ethanol and will be present in the aqueous alcoholic solution in an amount in the range of from about 10% to about 50% by weight.

Abstract: Process for purifying beet juice by contacting the juice to be purified with at least two ion exchangers formed of a porous mineral support covered with a film of cross-linked polymer containing or bearing quaternary ammonium salt groups for at least one of the ion exchangers and sulfone groups for at least one of the other ion exchangers.

Abstract: This invention comprises a process for separating a carbohydrate from a feed stream comprising a mixture of carbohydrates. The separation is effected by contacting the feed stream with an adsorbent comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate or cation exchange resin, the exchangeable cationic sites of which are exchanged with cations of a rare earth metal. The adsorbed carbohydrate may subsequently be recovered by desorption with a desorbent material.

Abstract: A method of producing USP quality lactose which involves(a) adding to lactose rich permeate derived from passing whey through a semipermeable membrane an effective amount of a food grade chelating agent;(b) filtering the lactose rich permeate through a simple filtration system at from about 71.degree.-88.degree. C.;(c) crystallizing the lactose from the permeate at a temperature of from 10.degree.-24.degree. C.; and(d) heating the permeate and lactose crystals to from about 32.degree.-44.degree. C.; and(e) separating, washing and drying the USP quality lactose product.

Abstract: The present invention is a method of producing maltose of high purity from starch, in which starch is saccharified by .beta.-amylase and .alpha.-amylase and/or .alpha.-1, 6-glucosidase thereby making saccharified liquor containing less than 0.5% of glucose, 60.about.85% of maltose, less than 5% of maltotriose together with by-products such as oligo-saccharide and dextrin. And then this liquor is passed through the columns filled with granular active carbons, which have a peak of micropore diameter distribution of above and below 25 A respectively, under the condition of Special velocity (SV) below 2 thereby removing dextrin and oligosaccharide and thus producing maltose of high purity.

Abstract: A method of refining beet juice containing a colorant wherein the beet juice is contacted with an adsorbent composed of a dehydrated solid of a coprecipitated substance formed by insolubilizing metallic compounds in an aqueous solution. The adsorbent contains either a calcium or magnesium compound and also either an aluminum or iron compound. The process is conducted in a temperature range of 40.degree.-100.degree. C.

Abstract: An admixture of granular activated carbon (GAC) and bone char (BC) can be effectively employed to decolorize and to deash white cane sugar liquors. Use of this admixture in place of bone char exclusively results in significantly improved decolorization. The GAC/BC admixture can be effectively reactivated at a temperature within the limit of 900.degree. F. to 1200.degree. F.

Abstract: Impure sugar solutions containing charged particulate impurities are treated with strongly basic emulsion anion exchange resin particles to form flocs of the charged particulate impurities and the resin particles. These flocs remove dissolved ionic impurities because of their ion exchange functionality, and also remove color-imparting impurities.

Abstract: A massecuite processing system of the type generally used in the separation of sugar crystals from molasses in the so called "High Grade Massecuites" produced in the process of making sugar from sugar cane and sugar beet. The massecuite is evenly spread over the perforated belt of a belt conveyor while a vacuum is maintained under the belt to aspirate the molasses through the belt into vacuum chambers located under the belt. The perforations of the belt are sized to prevent the aspiration of the sugar crystals with the molasses and in this way the sugar crystals are effectively separated from the molasses. The separated molasses is collected in the vacuum chambers from which it is transferred to a separately mounted molasses separating tank which is also under vacuum and from which the molasses is pumped to the molasses storage tanks generally used in sugar factories.

Abstract: A process for the purification of evaporated sugar solutions prior to cryllization, utilizing the discovery that most of the suspended non-sugar particles within the evaporated sugar solution are hydrophobic in nature and thus thrown out of solution during the loss of water during the evaporation process, by thoroughly mixing air in large quantities with the evaporated sugar solution containing such particles and repeatedly subjecting the mixture of air, sugar solution and non-sugar particles to high shear forces by a surging flow with flow reversals through an aerator so as to produce a uniform creamy mixture of micron size bubbles to which the non-sugar particles are intimately and mechanically attached, having moved out of the evaporated sugar solution because of the hydrophobic character of the particles. Optionally, this aggregation of the particles with the micron size bubbles may be further increased by a controlled addition of an anionic partially hydrolized polyacrylamide following aeration.

Abstract: A process for separating a component from a feed mixture comprising an aqueous solution of a mixture of different components, such as a mixture of saccharides, in which the mixture is contacted with an adsorbent comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate which selectively adsorbs a component from the feed mixture. The adsorbed component is then recovered by contacting the adsorbent with a desorbent material such as water to effect the desorption of the adsorbed component from the adsorbent. There is an undesirable tendency for the silicon constituent of the crystalline aluminosilicate to dissolve in the aqueous system. The improvement to the process comprises contacting the desorbent, and/or the feed mixture, with a bed of silica gel prior to contacting the feed mixture with the adsorbent. This effects a substantial reduction in the undesirable dissolution.

Abstract: A method for reducing color impurities in sugar-containing syrups. First, hydrogen peroxide is added to the syrup and mixed with it. Following that, a suitable cationic surfactant is added, ahd there is further mixing. After that, a suitable defecant is added, such as a mixture of calcium chloride and sodium carbonate, which react with each other to form calcium carbonate in the sugar solution. Activated vegetable carbon and diatomaceous earth are added and mixed. Then the solids are filtered out to obtain a purified sugar solution which may be used directly or may be inverted, as by conventional acid treatment, and then used.

Abstract: Bottler's liquid sugar is produced essentially from brown sugar, which is derived from cane sugar and crystallized in one or more intermediate strikes, by remelting the crystallized product of one or more intermediate strikes, filtering the remelted product, and passing the filtered product in contact with chloride form of Type-1 strong-base anion-exchange resin. An array of plural columns, which contain similar resin, is operated in a merry-go-round sequence allowing continuous operation. Countercurrent regeneration is preferred. Regeneration by an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid followed by an aqueous solution of sodium chloride and sodium hydroxide allows service at 30.degree. C.

Abstract: A method for purification of polyhydric alcohols such as sugar syrup by removing chromophoric components, trace metals, and other impurities comprising preparing a liquid slurry mixture of filter particles, including an anion exchange resin, a cation exchange resin, and a filter aid material, the anion and cation exchange resins being smaller than about 100 mesh (about 150 microns); precoating a porous support means with the slurry mixture; and passing the polyhydric alcohol through the precoat layer and the porous support means to purify the alcohol. A further embodiment includes the step of regenerating the precoat layer by delivering a brine solution having a pH between 7 and 10 through the precoat layer.

Abstract: From a maltose solution of a purity of 75 to 90%, a high-purity maltose solution having a maltose purity of more than 98.5% is obtained in a high yield by preparatorily treating activated carbon with the aqueous solution of an organic solvent, adding the same organic solvent to the maltose solution under treatment until the concentration of the organic solvent equals that in the aqueous solution used for the treatment of the activated carbon, and subsequently bringing the resultant solution into contact with the activated carbon for thereby allowing the activated carbon to adsorb selectively out of the solution only the saccharides such as maltotriose and maltotetraose which are composed of three or more glucoses.

Abstract: A process for removing an organic impurity from an aqueous solution is disclosed, said process comprising contacting the aqueous solution with an acid cation exchanger and subsequently with a polymer or polycondensate, which contains sulfur in the form of thiol groups bonded to carbon atoms.