Abstract: Cellulosic carbon that has been activated by a phosphoric acid process, is acid neutralized by contacting the carbon with an aqueous suspension of an additive material comprising a metal oxide or hydroxide of aluminum, zinc, or one of the alkaline earth elements to bind residual acid on the carbon in the form of a substantially insoluble phosphate salt.

Abstract: Raw sugar beet diffusion juice or raw cane press or diffusion juice is de-ashed by ion exchange using calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate mangesium hydroxide or calcium sulfite for regenerant. Means are provided whereby slurries can be passed through an ion exchange resin bed without causing said bed to accumulate solids and to clog.

Abstract: Method of treating fresh sugar juice at about room temperature which includes removing non-sugar impurities, concentrating the resulting cold, water white juice by reverse osmosis to form a syrup which is evaporated to form direct white sugar and edible molasses. Also a method of treating sugar cane juice with oxalic acid.

Abstract: Method of treating cut sugar cane, which comprises depositing the cane on a conveyor, spraying steam on the cane to melt and remove wax and field dirt on the surface of the cane, and removing the melted wax and condensed steam below said conveyor. Sugar cane juice, produced by subjecting the steamed cane to roller action, is treated with active carbon to yield a clarified juice. The clarified juice is evaporated to form direct white sugar and edible molasses. The wax is collected, purified and molded into cakes. Adding an alkaline material to the expressed juice precipitates out soaps.

Abstract: Partially pyrolyzed particles of macroporous resinous polymer have improved structural stability and utility. Pyrolyzed preformed beads are useful as adsorbents in both gaseous and liquid media to remove impurities such as vinylchloride monomer from gases, aromatic compounds such as barbituates from blood, and phenolics from industrial waste streams. Pyrolyzed materials are also useful as catalysts in industrial and laboratory applications due to the controllable surface area and due to a variety of metals, among other things, that may be incorporated into the particles prior to pyrolysis. Preferred adsorbents are prepared from pyrolyzed beads of macroreticular ion exchange resins.

Abstract: An endless belt gravity filtration apparatus which includes a vacuum system for removing filter cake and for cleaning and keeping filter belt porous through reverse air flow on the endless belt filter. The belt filter has extensions along each of its continuous edges, these extensions having chains which mate with sprockets on the filter chamber to assist in driving the filter belt and to keep it aligned and from being stretched or wrinkled during the filtration process. The apparatus may be used for filtering fluids such as sugar cane juice.

Abstract: A process for producing a colorless low-ash, high-purity sugar syrup from cane molasses wherein centrifuged molasses is acidified and treated with an ion exclusion resin. The resin is then eluted with water, and fractions of similar compositions are combined for recycling. The process yields a product similar to refiner's syrup, which is readily further purified by carbon and ion exchange resins to provide a high-quality syrup.

Abstract: A method for decalcifying raw sugar juice by the addition of active MgO to the final carbonation gassing vessel, carbonating to an alkalinity of about 0.01% CaO equivalent, and then re-alkalizing in a secondary reaction vessel with additional active MgO to an alkalinity of about 0.025% CaO equivalent.

Abstract: Refining process for removing impurities from enzymatically produced levulose syrups comprises treating the syrups with a strong acid cation exchange resin, a weak base anion exchange resin, and sulfonated coal which has decolorizing ability. The process yields syrups of exceptional purity and stability.

Abstract: Mother liquors obtained from a dextrose crystallization process may be upgraded for re-cycling to dextrose crystallizers by transferring the mother liquor through a bed of an adsorption agent which preferentially adsorbs either dextrose or oligosaccharides. A dextrose-rich portion of the mother liquor is then recovered from either the dextrose-rich fraction which passes through the bed or has been preferentially adsorbed and eluted from the bed with a solvent.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for treating fresh, unheated sugar cane juice which involves adding a sufficient amount of an aqueous alkaline slurry containing powdered active carbon to the juice to raise the pH of the juice to 6.8-8.5. The resulting mud is separated and a water white juice is obtained. The water white juice is concentrated to form a direct white sugar and an edible molasses having a natural maple flavor and odor. The juice may be subjected to a preliminary cyclone separation and the sugar cane from which the juice is obtained may be subjected to a steam-cleaning operation to remove cane wax and dirt.