Abstract: A to-be-cleaned substrate is cleaned by use of an acid liquid agent in a cleaning cup, the remaining acid liquid agent is washed out by use of pure water, then an alkaline liquid agent is emitted to the surface of the to-be-cleaned substrate in the same cleaning cup to remove the acid liquid agent remaining on the to-be-cleaned substrate. A neutralization reaction between the acid and alkali is caused by emitting the alkaline liquid agent to the surface of the to-be-cleaned substrate so as to efficiently remove the acid liquid agent remaining on the surface of the to-be-cleaned substrate.

Abstract: Apparatus for dislodging an accretion of a substance from the vicinity of a vessel, includes apparatus for generating gas-borne shock waves in the vicinity of a vessel, thereby to expose a substance accrued on a surface thereof to separation forces causing at least partial separation of the substance from the surface, so as to facilitate removal of the at least partially separated substance therefrom; and support apparatus for supporting the apparatus for generating shock waves in a selected association relative to the vessel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of removing a layer of material from a synthetic resin or an organic acid ester of cellulose comprising: washing the layer from the substrate with an aqueous alkali solution with a temperature of at least 105° C., and then washing the alkali solution from the substrate. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a pressure vessel used for the above method, comprising a longitudinal cylindrical body having a circular cross-section, an end plate connected to the top of the cylindrical body and an inverted end plate connected to the lower part of the cylindrical body in a manner such that its convex part faces upwards wherein the pressure vessel has a strainer plate and a stirring blade inside the cylindrical body.

Abstract: Plant parts which are used for the production or processing of (meth)acrylic esters are cleaned by (a) emptying the plant parts, (b) flushing the plant parts with aqueous 5 to 50% strength by weight alkali metal hydroxide solution, (c) removing the alkali metal hydroxide solution from the plant parts, (d) if required, washing the plant parts with water and (e) if required, drying the plant parts.

Abstract: Toner xerographically adhered to a material, such as a sheet of paper, may be removed using a solvent-based or solventless approach. The application of ultrasonic tamping, scraping and brushing may aid in removing toner particles. In a solvent-based approach, a solvent may be applied generally or the solvent may be targeted specifically to the toner covered portions of the material to loosen the adhesive securement of the toner to the material. Thereafter, the toner is subjected to a mechanical abrasion using ultrasonic and physical agitation to cause flaking of the toner.

Abstract: Basic cleaning compositions using toxicologically-acceptable ingredients for cleaning fruits and vegetables are provided. Liquid formulations comprising detergent surfactant, such as oleate, alcohol ethoxylates, etc., and neutralized phosphoric acid are sprayed onto apples, lettuce and the like to remove soil and unwanted deposits, especially wax. Articles for applying the compositions to produce by spraying are disclosed. Use of the compositions for disinfectancy/sanitization of produce and cleaning/disinfectancy/sanitization of non-food inantimate surfaces are disclosed.

Abstract: Multilayer PSA label constructions that achieve a good balance of properties, namely, adhesive performance, convertibility, and laser printer performance, and, optionally, good wet-out on plastic substrates and low haze. The multilayer PSA construction comprising a facestock, a multilayer adhesive coating, and a release liner. The adhesive coating is made of a face side adhesive (FSA) layer comprising a first emulsion acrylic PSA, which is in contact with the inner surface of the facestock, and a liner side adhesive (LSA) layer, comprising a second emulsion acrylic PSA different from the first acrylic PSA, which is in contact with the FSA. The adhesive coating has a coat weight of less than about 26 g/m2 and a flow of less than about 50 &mgr;m at room temperature. The construction exhibits a loop tack value of at least about 3.5 N/25 mm at 5° C. on a polyethylene substrate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a road surface marking tape intended for temporary use and being of the kind that includes a base layer of non-cured or non-vulcanized soft elastomeric material, and reinforcing material embedded in the base layer. The reinforcing material is comprised of short fibers of non-metallic material distributed generally uniformly in the base layer in an amount corresponding to 5-50%, preferably 10-20% of the weight of the base layer. The reinforcing material is preferably comprised of fibers of fabric, plastic or carbon with lengths generally between 0.5 and 5 mm, preferably between 1 and 3 mm. The elastomeric material is usually a rubber of the acrylnitrile-butadiene type.

Abstract: Wafer cleaning systems (10, 25) utilizing both chemical and physical action to clean integrated circuit wafers (14, 24) is disclosed. Chemical cleaning action is provided by liquid retained within a tank (2, 22), sized either to hold a single wafer (24) or a batch of wafers (14) held within a carrier (12). Physical action is provided in the wafer cleaning system either by way of inert gas bubbling through a baffle (5) or by way of ultrasonic energy applied by transducers (28) located in the tank (2, 22). The systems (10, 25) have a programmable controller (20, 30) for initiating the physical cleaning action after insertion of the wafers (14, 24) into the chemical bath, and for ceasing the physical action prior to removal of the wafers (14, 24). After a waiting time after the ceasing of the physical action, to calm the chemical bath and to permit any retained bubbles to escape to the atmosphere, the wafers (14, 24) may then be removed from the chemical bath, with reduced risk of staining and particle release.

Abstract: A process for removing the coating and any metals from polymeric substrates such as compact discs (CDs) and digital video discs (DVDs) by applying high shear conditions to fluidized particulates of the polymeric substrate optionally in the presence of an accelerant.

Abstract: Equipment used in the processing of plastic, such as molds and extrusion screws, is cleaned of plastic residue by a combination of thermal cycling and agitation without impact cleaning. A chamber can be heated by an electric radiant heater and cooled by the introduction of liquid nitrogen. A fixture in the chamber receives the equipment to be cleaned and is agitated by a drive motor. The chamber is heated and cooled in the following cycle in which the drive motor agitates the fixture: first to 250-300° F., then to −315° F., then cycled between −50° F. and −10° F., then to 150° F., then to −200° F., to 100° F., then to ambient temperature. The chamber is controlled by a computer that prompts the operator for the kind of plastic to be cleaned off of the equipment and then controls the heating and cooling automatically.

Abstract: A process for cleaning plastic materials is disclosed, in which foreign materials adhered on and internally intruded into the plastic materials are cleaned to recycle the plastic materials. The process for cleaning plastics to recycle them according to the present invention includes the following steps. (1) A first cleaning is carried out on roughly crushed plastics of a size of 2-3 cm by using a solvent within a dumbler. (2) The solvent is discharged out of the dumbler after the first cleaning. (3) A second cleaning is carried out on the plastics by using a solvent within the dumbler after the first cleaning. (4) The solvent is discharged out of the dumbler after the second cleaning. (5) The plastics are dried after the second cleaning by injecting a heated nitrogen gas into the dumbler. (6) The nitrogen gas is discharged out of the dumbler under a reduced pressure, whereby contamination materials adhered on surfaces and internally intruded are cleaned.

Abstract: According to a first aspect of this invention, it is assumed that the recording is carried out on the recording medium by a non-catalyst-containing recording agent and a liquid-state catalyst is coated on the recording medium at the time of erasing processing and subsequently the heating and irradiation of near infrared rays are carried out as the erasing processing. Also, according to a second aspect of this invention, it is assumed that the recording is carried out on the recording medium by a catalyst-containing recording agent and, at the erasing processing time, the heating and irradiation of the recording agent are simultaneously carried out using a thermal emission and near IR irradiation source such as a halogen lamp.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing the risk of environmental contamination from mercury spillage during carry over between processing tanks during the gold ball bond removal process by providing a self-contained, compact, environmentally safe system for use with toxic chemicals and liquids. The present invention provides a self-contained, integrally molded enclosure upper and lower chambers separated by a partition. The partition has a plurality of stations integrally formed therein, each of which is capable of containing a chemical liquid. The method comprises dipping a slide containing the semiconductor chip first into a toxic liquid, then into a first decontamination station and finally into a second decontamination station.

Abstract: Compounds containing two cyclic hydrocarbon moieties which are substituted to provide crosslinking functionality and which are linked to each other by secondary or tertiary oxycarbonyl containing moiety are basis for compositions which are cured to provide cured thermosets for encapsulation and underfill for electronic components that are thermally decomposable to allow repair, replacement, recovery or recycling of operative electronic components from assemblies that are inoperative.

Abstract: A method of washing pre-expanded particles having a substantially water insoluble inorganic compound attached thereto by contacting the pre-expanded particles with an aqueous washing solution of a water soluble compound. The water soluble compound has a solubility with water of at least 1 g/100 g of water and has 1-500 surface bonding functional groups and 1-500 hydrophilic functional groups. At least one of the surface bonding functional groups of the water soluble compound attaches to the water insoluble inorganic compound.

Abstract: Material retained on a trash rake is washed in a washing chamber by compacting the material before it enters the washing chamber with a screw conveyor passing horizontally through the washing chamber, injecting washing water into the washing chamber until the washing water has reached a level determined by the material in the washing chamber to loosen and wash the compacted material to wash out contaminations, draining the washing water and the contaminations through a screen from the washing chamber to dewater the material, and discharging the dewatered compacted material from the washing chamber. To assure advantageous washing conditions, the injection of washing water is periodically discontinued to lower the level of the washing water filling the washing chamber periodically from this level to a residual level sufficient to ensure discharge of the material from the washing chamber.

Abstract: Equipment used in the processing of plastic, such as molds and extrusion screws, is cleaned of plastic residue by a combination of thermal cycling and agitation without impact cleaning. A chamber can be heated by an electric radiant heater and cooled by the introduction of liquid nitrogen. A fixture in the chamber receives the equipment to be cleaned and is agitated by a drive motor. The chamber is heated and cooled in the following cycle in which the drive motor agitates the fixture: first to 250-300.degree. F., then to -315.degree. F., then cycled between -50.degree. F. and -10.degree. F., then to 150.degree. F., then to -200.degree. F., then to 100.degree. F., then to ambient temperature. The chamber is controlled by a computer that prompts the operator for the kind of plastic to be cleaned off of the equipment and then controls the heating and cooling automatically.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for removing skivings generated by slicing a moving web comprises a slitter knife for cutting the web and an edge vacuum machine comprising at least two vacuum heads which engulf but do not touch the moving web. Skivings from the edges of the web are vacuumed away so that they do not contaminate the web during later treatment.

Abstract: A pickling method which can effectively conduct pickling, and can shorten pickling time. The strip is plastic elongated by 0.1 to 10% before it is introduced into the pickling tank to form cracks. The strip is bent so that a surface strain of the strip is 0.2 to 1 times the plastic elongation during dipping the strip in the acid solution of the pickling tank, thereby making the cracks open and close, and supply of a fresh acid solution and expelling of an exhausted acid solution may be effectively conducted. Scale always contacts with a fresh acid solution by this bending operation, so that a scale dissolution reaction proceeds fast, thereby being capable of shortening the pickling time.

Abstract: A cleaning method for removing oils, grease, machining debris and like substances from machine parts and other objects includes a wash tank containing a wash solution, rinse tanks for rinsing the washed objects, and an oil separator containing a concentrated detergent solution for separating oil and detergent in the used wash solution from each other. The separated detergent is returned to the wash tank for further parts cleaning, and the separated oil may be reused for machining purposes. The apparatus automatically maintains the liquid in the wash tank and rinse tanks in an effective condition to satisfactorily clean oily objects.

Abstract: Basic cleaning compositions using toxicologically-acceptable ingredients for cleaning fruits and vegetables are provided. Liquid formulations comprising detergent surfactant, such as oleate, alcohol ethoxylates, etc., and neutralized phosphoric acid are sprayed onto apples, lettuce and the like to remove soil and unwanted deposits, especially wax. Articles for applying the compositions to produce by spraying are disclosed. Use of the compositions for disinfectancy/sanitization of produce and cleaning/disinfectancy/sanitization of non-food inantimate surfaces are disclosed.

Abstract: A method for the treatment of semiconductor material in a liquid bath has the treatment based upon the occurrence of cavitation being brought about in the liquid bath. The semiconductor material is contacted with a cavitating liquid in order to clean fragments of the semiconductor material and to round fracture edges of the fragments.

Abstract: A method and a device for cleaning and exposing portions of limited length of strands of steel wire which are surrounded by a corrosion protection substance, particularly grease, wherein the strands of steel wire and the corrosion protection substance are enclosed by a sheathing of synthetic material. Initially, the sheathing is severed at a distance from the end of the strand corresponding to the length of the portion to be cleaned and an opening is produced. Subsequently, a flushing pipe is connected to the sheathing at the end of the strand and the strand is cleaned by admitting a flushing liquid under high pressure into the space surrounded by the sheathing, so that the corrosion protection substance and the flushing liquid emerge at the opening. Finally, the sheathing is removed entirely from the strand by pulling off the sheathing.

Abstract: An anode rough cleaning system has three rough cleaning stations and an overhead conveyor to move spent anode assemblies sequentially through the three stations. The overhead conveyor supports each spent anode assembly in a hanging vertical position with the carbon butt suspended therebeneath. A first station is a vibrating station which vibrates the carbon butt to separate the bath material from the carbon butt. The vibrating station has an inclined surface and a vibrating surface. The overhead conveyor is arranged over the inclined and vibrating surfaces to drag the carbon butt up the inclined surface, causing the spent anode assembly to rotate from the vertical position to an angled position, and then across the vibrating surface with the spent anode assembly in the angled position. A second station is a scraping station positioned downstream of the vibrating station. The scraping station has at least one scraper to scrape the bath material from the carbon butt and stub.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for cleaning used bulk or cargo bags enables a worker to vacuum clean the entire outside of the bag without climbing up and down. An air supply/fill clamp assembly attaches to the fill opening. It inflates and supports the bag. An air exhaust discharge clamp attaches to the discharge opening to carry away interior residue. A power elevation mechanism raises and lowers the air supply/fill clamp assembly under operator control to thereby position the bag at whatever level is most useful to the operator as the outside is being vacuum cleaned with a vacuum cleaner.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for stabilizing a microporous marking structure is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of placing a microporous marking structure in conjunction with an absorbent material within a stabilizing device. A positive pressure is then applied to the microporous marking structure within the stabilizing device until a sufficient amount of ink originally retained within the microporous marking structure is forced to flow therefrom into the absorbent material so that the microporous marking structure obtains a substantially stabilized state. The apparatus may comprise a pair of substantially rigid plates arranged for relative movement with respect to each other wherein at least one of the substantially rigid plates is adapted to support a microporous marking structure thereon until the microporous marking structure is arranged between the plates.

Abstract: Soil including sand and clays contaminated with nuclear waste materials and/or ions of hazardous non-radioactive metals or metalloids are decontaminated by treating with anhydrous liquid ammonia alone or in combination with solvated electrons. Methods include removing ions of hazardous metals or metalloids by mixing with ammoniacal solutions to provide an ammoniacal liquid-containing product with coordination complexes. Methods also comprise concentrating contaminants, such as plutonium, uranium and thorium, for example, in the fines of soil and clay to yield residual soil products which are sufficiently free of contaminants to allow reclamation. Economics are improved over aqueous systems since ammonia can be recovered and recycled. By concentrating nuclear and nonnuclear wastes in soil fines space requirements ordinarily needed for storage of untreated soil and handling costs can be significantly reduced.

Abstract: A process for stripping of used parts or reject parts, in particular of polycarbonate (PC) or of a polycarbonate blend, preferably with polybutylene terephthalate (PBT/PC), for the purpose of recycling the plastic. In this process the plastics parts are first mechanically comminuted to a pourable size and then are circulated together with anhydrous alkalified diethylene glycol or propylene glycol in a mass with mutual abrasion of the plastics chips at elevated temperatures of at least 50.degree. C., preferably from 80.degree. to 100.degree. C., until complete removal of the paint. Thereafter the stripped plastics chips are separated from the stripping agent, flushed and then dried. The quantity of glycol added corresponds to from 1 to 10% of the volume of the mass to be treated, so that the circulated parts are only wetted by the glycol, but with stripping agent being circulated continuously through the treatment space of the mass from a relatively large reservoir.

Abstract: A reusable plastic container and a method of cleaning and sterilizing the same is described. The plastic container can be collapsed for transportation and sterilization when not in use. The container includes structural end frames which are made from the same material from which the remainder of the container is made. When collapsed, a container is flat and all parts of the same are exposed for easy washing and sterilization.

Abstract: High volume manufacturing process for flexographic printing plates comprises wash out, drying and post-exposure. During drying the printing plates are transported with a plurality of endless conveyors. The transport speed during drying/post-exposure is lower than the transport speed during wash out such that a storage of flexographic plates can be achieved in the drying and post exposure portion of the process.

Abstract: In order to utilize separately steel pipe and coating resin as recycling resources, resin-coated steel pipe, which is produced by adhering a thermo-plastic coating resin on the surface of steel pipe with an adhesive, is heated by high-frequency induction heating to at least the melting temperature of the coating resin, and the coating resin is scraped off while the inner layer thereof is in a melted condition and the outer layer is in a softened condition. Coating resin and steel pipe can be recovered without the composition thereof being damaged. The scraping of coating resin is complete and efficient and requires only minimal energy since it occurs when the inner layer of the coating resin is in a melted condition and the outer layer is in a softened condition.

Abstract: Hardened concrete is removed from the drum of a concrete-transporting truck by applying strong vibrational force to the exterior of the drum. Apparatus for applying the vibration includes a vibration impact device suspended from the end of a laterally oriented holding arm. The opposite end of the holding arm is pivotably attached to a vertical post. A control arm, pivotably attached to the post has a hydraulic cylinder adapted to cause raising or lowering of the suspended impact device.

Abstract: Basic cleaning compositions using toxicologically-acceptable ingredients for cleaning fruits and vegetables are provided. Clear liquid formulations comprising oleate, alcohol ethoxylates and buffers are sprayed onto apples, lettuce and the like to remove soil and unwanted deposits.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for cleaning a flexible bulk container includes a dust collector having a negative pressure chamber connected through a vacuum hose to a fill spout support chamber to which a dirty container is connected in a substantially dust tight relationship. An exhaust blower of the dust collector is connected through a pressure hose to the fill spout support chamber. An alternating valve connected to the two hoses alternately disrupts fluid flow through one hose while allowing fluid flow through the remaining hose to alternately inflate and evacuate the dirty container connected to the fill spout support chamber. The alternate inflating and evacuation of the dirty container is repeated a predetermined number of times to remove the desired amount of particulate material from the dirty container. A third hose is connected to the dust collector for vacuuming the exterior of the dirty container.

Abstract: A rumble strip for removing snow and ice from a windshield wiper blade having an elongated body positioned at an edge of a windshield over which a windshield wiper blade will pass when activated, the elongated body having at least one surface sufficiently raised from the outer surface plane of the windshield as will cause the windshield wiper blade to be flexed and/or bumped as it passes thereover, whereby the flexing and/or bumping action will be sufficient to dislodge at least some of the snow and ice which has adhered to the windshield wiper blade.

Abstract: A process of detoxifying gas plant filters for environmentally acceptable disposal involves immersing the filters in aqueous cleansing fluid in a tank, containing a suitable cleaning agent. When saturated they are then agitated and passed through compressing rollers to extract as much cleansing fluid as possible. The extracted cleansing fluid returns to the tank it came from. The filters are then subject to similar repetitive steps of immersion, saturation, agitation, compression and fluid extraction in subsequent tanks. Five such stages are provided usually with diminishing proportion of cleaning agent in the aqueous cleansing fluid. The last two stages are often rinsing with water, although this is not always the case. The cleaned filters meet environmental standards for landfill disposal. The toxin accumulate as sludge in the tanks and are periodically removed for disposal in approved hazardous waste disposal sites.

Abstract: A fluidized bed gas cooler assembly includes a fluidized bed gas cooler with a metal inlet duct for directing hot process or flue gases into the cooler as fluidizing gas. In order to remove deposits which form on the duct inner surface a cooling fluid is passed into and then out of contact with the outer surface of the inlet duct so that the cooling fluid increases in temperature (but does not change phase) and so that deposits which form on the inlet duct interior surface become brittle and readily disengageable. The deposits are disengaged at different times by pulsation of the cooling fluid (especially where the inlet duct is a metal spiral tube), effecting pulsation of the temperature of the cooling fluid, or subjecting an enclosure surrounding the duct or the exterior surface of the duct itself to a sudden mechanical force.

Abstract: In-situ removal of material, such as solder paste (12), from openings (26--26) in a stencil (22) is accomplished by imparting a vibrational motion to the stencil. In practice, the stencil (22) may be vibrated by one or more DC solenoids (28--28), each having its plunger (28) in contact with the periphery of the stencil and each excited with AC so that the solenoid plunger undergoes a linear oscillation to vibrate the stencil.

Abstract: A process for removing residual oil from used oil filters. The process includes washing the oil filters with a wash water while simultaneously crushing the oil filters. The wash water has a carefully selected and limited surfactant to effectively remove the residual oil while reducing emulsification of the removed residual oil into the wash water. The oil is recovered and the wash water is recirculated after having been amended with surfactant and/or water to assure that the surfactant remains within the desired limits.

Abstract: A system described herein that provides for the opening, emptying and rinsing of the interior of a chemical container. The present system allows an operator to destructively perforate the bottom of a container, empty its contents into a vessel, rinse its interior and collect the drained chemical and rinse water in a suitable receptacle, such as a sprayer tank. This system provides for maximum efficiency, and the total use of the chemical within the container, as well as a safe means for rinsing a container prior to disposal. The system provides for a minimal contact of the contents of the container by the operator. The cutting arrangement includes a plurality of elongate blades inclined upwardly to an apex and a plurality of intervening bars for opening the slit base of the container. The cutting arrangement is provided in a vessel with a transportation duct and venturi at the bottom for carrying the contents in mixed condition away from the vessel.

Abstract: An apparatus to remove rubber from airplane tires from an airport runway surface. There is a manifold arm which rotates at as high as two thousand five hundred rpms over the runway surface, with a plurality of water jets being discharged downwardly at a relatively high pressure (e.g. thirty five thousand P.S.I.) against the runway surface. Even though the water pressure as at a level several times higher than that at which damage to the runway surface can occur, at the relatively high linear speed of the water jets (e.g. ninety to one hundred eighty miles per hour), there is no noticeable damage to the runway surface, but yet there is quite effective removal of the accumulated rubber. Also disclosed is a particular shaft and seal assembly which is capable of operating at relatively high rotational speeds and delivering the high pressure to the manifold arm.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for removing concrete from a ceiling surface by hydrodemolition which includes a mobile truck unit adapted for movement along a floor surface or the like and which supports a pair of upstanding telescoping support arms having an elongated boom mounted at their upper ends in a manner to enable selective orientation of the boom relative to a ceiling surface. A carriage is mounted for reciprocating movement along the boom and carries and upwardly directed lance and discharge nozzle operative to discharge high pressure fluid, such as water, against a ceiling surface such that selective movement of the nozzle and mobile truck during high pressure fluid discharge are operative to remove concrete from the ceiling surface.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for removing fibres and other particles from the surfaces of compressible mineral wool products, for instance, mineral wool plates (2), by means of one or more suction slot nozzles (5) which suck air from adjacent the surfaces of the mineral wool products. The mineral wool products, while being exposed to the suction of slot or slots (5), are subjected to a quick compression so that a part of the air enclosed in the mineral wool is forced out towards the suction slot or slots (5) thereby bringing loose fibres and other particles at and adjacent the surfaces into the suction slot or slots (5).

Abstract: A harvester for removing a substance deposited on the surface of a plate comprising a tool having a strike end and means for supporting the tool near the surface of the plate so the strike end of the tool strikingly engages the substance on the plate for removing the substance.

Abstract: Hand held water powered apparatus for removing scale from the tile circumscribing a swimming pool at the waterline of the pool.

Abstract: In this method for removing spatter deposits accumulated upon the inner surface of the end portion of a tubular arc welding torch nozzle, an end portion of a welding rod being fed for arc welding through an end portion of this nozzle with a space being left between this welding rod and the inner surface of the end portion of the nozzle, an electrical current is supplied through an electromagnetic coil positioned longitudinally proximate to the end portion of the nozzle. This electrical current typically generates an electromagnetic force upon the spatter deposits in the general direction parallel to the central axis of the nozzle, thus removing such spatter deposits from the inner surface of the end portion of the nozzle.

Abstract: A paint or other protective coating removal method involving the use of reciprocal motion ultrasonic frequency mechanical energy applied to the coating by a variety of tool and abrasive substrate members in the company of surface preparation agents such as coolant, heating, softening, and/or abrasive agents. The invention is particularly applicable and disclosed in terms of, protective coating removal from aircraft such as is often necessary for replacement or in the reutilization of aircraft with different identification markings. The coating removal method is environmentally and human operator safe in comparison with presently used coating removal methods such as abrasive blasting and chemical solvent removal.

Abstract: An article for use in brushing and scrubbing surfaces with flowable materials comprising an easily delaminable reservoir for said flowable materials which, as required, will supply the materials in unreduced strength to disposable scrubbing implements for the application of said materials to, and scrubbing and brushing of surfaces, said reservoir comprising:(a) a first member comprising a semi-rigid flat sheet; and(b) a formed second member comprising a cavity comprising a bottom wall, a circumferential side wall depending perpendicularly from said bottom wall and terminating at its upper end in a circumferential flange extending outward from said normal to said upper end and a top opening coplanar with the upper surface of said flange, the first and second members of said reservoir being delaminable upon the application of a slight pressure to said first member adjacent said cavity; wherein said first member is in adherent contact with said the flange of said second member adherence being effected by means o

Abstract: Methods for cleaning in-process wire are developed. In one embodiment a moving string loops around the wire and advances to present a clean surface to remove dirt from the surface of the moving wire.