Abstract: A charged particle beam system is disclosed, comprising: a charged particle beam generator for generating a beam of charged particles; a charged particle optical column arranged in a vacuum chamber, wherein the charged particle optical column is arranged for projecting the beam of charged particles onto a target, and wherein the charged particle optical column comprises a charged particle optical element for influencing the beam of charged particles; a source for providing a cleaning agent; a conduit connected to the source and arranged for introducing the cleaning agent towards the charged particle optical element; wherein the charged particle optical element comprises: a charged particle transmitting aperture for transmitting and/or influencing the beam of charged particles, and at least one vent hole for providing a flow path between a first side and a second side of the charged particle optical element, wherein the vent hole has a cross section which is larger than a cross section of the charg

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a cleaning system, including a first sub-chamber, a second sub-chamber adjacent to the first sub-chamber, and a third sub-chamber adjacent to the second sub-chamber. A first divider is positioned between the first and the second sub-chambers. A second divider is positioned between the second and the third sub-chambers. A vacuum system is coupled to the third sub-chamber to generate a vacuum pressure in the third sub-chamber that is less than a pressure of the first sub-chamber to create a pressure differential to induce a pressurized flow of a first cleaning media from the first sub-chamber to the third sub-chamber through an internal passage of a component positioned in the second sub-chamber. A filtering system is coupled to the first sub-chamber and the third sub-chamber to remove and filter the first cleaning media from the third sub-chamber and return the first cleaning media to the first sub-chamber.

Abstract: A downhole wellbore treatment system for and a method of treating an inner surface (FT) of a wellbore (W) is provided. The system comprises an elongate conduit (50) such as a flexible hose (50) for conveying treatment fluid from the surface (P; C) to a treatment head (80) adapted to be inserted into the wellbore (W). The treatment head (80) has a nozzle (83) providing an outlet from the conduit (50) for creating a jet of treatment fluid directed at the inner surface (FT) of the wellbore (W). The treatment head (50) is rotationally disconnected from the conduit (50) by a swivel device (70), allowing rotation of the head (50) relative to the conduit (50) during jetting of the treatment fluid. The elongate conduit (50) is reelable (10) and is inserted into the downhole wellbore (W) from a reel (10) at the surface, through a pressure control device (40) containing wellbore pressure within the downhole wellbore (W) during insertion of the elongate conduit (50) from the reel (10).

Abstract: A powerplant includes a turbine engine core configured to power a mechanical load. The turbine engine core includes a core compressor section, a core combustor section and a core turbine section. A recovery system includes a condenser and an evaporator. A core flowpath extends sequentially through the core compressor section, the core combustor section, the core turbine section, the evaporator and the condenser from an inlet into the core flowpath to an exhaust from the core flowpath. The recovery system is configured to condense water vapor flowing through the core flowpath into water using the condenser. The recovery system is configured to evaporate the water into steam using the evaporator and to provide the steam to the turbine engine core during a first mode of operation. The recovery system is configured to flow the water through the evaporator during a second mode of operation.

Abstract: A patient connector for dialysis is disclosed. In an example, a patient connector includes a housing including an inlet and an outlet and defining at least one aperture. The patient connector also includes a seal initially blocking the outlet and a hydrophobic filter covering the at least one aperture of the housing. The patient connector further includes a check valve positioned and arranged to prevent air from being vented from the housing via the at least one aperture and through the hydrophobic filter when the housing is under atmospheric pressure or negative pressure. The check valve is configured to allow air to be vented from the housing via the at least one aperture and through the hydrophobic filter when the housing is under positive pressure.

Abstract: A system capable of autonomous operation is disclosed for cleaning a tube bundle of a heat exchanger core. The system comprises a lance for directing a jet of fluid into spaces between the tubes of the bundle, a carriage for advancing the lance into the bundle, a mount movable relative to the carriage for holding the lance, and a sensor for detecting relative movement between the lance and the carriage, so as to detect when a reaction force acting on the lance upon encountering an obstruction in the tube bundle exceeds a predetermined limit.

Abstract: An endoscope attachment is an endoscope attachment that is detachably attachable to a distal end portion part of an insertion portion of an endoscope, and includes a cylindrical member that covers a bonding portion that is arranged in a bending portion of the insertion portion and formed of adhesive, and a flow rate varying member that is disposed in the cylindrical member and varies a flow rate of a medicinal solution that enters from an outside of the cylindrical member to an inside of the cylindrical member.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for launch and recovery of a remote inspection device within a liquid storage tank. In one embodiment, the tank is accessed by opening an entrance hatch and then injecting a vapor suppression foam across a surface of a stored liquid mass to form a foam layer. A launching system having a remote inspection device is attached to the entrance hatch to define a launch and recovery space sealed from an external environment and isolated from the stored liquid mass in the tank via a valve and the foam layer. The launch and recovery space is purged of hazardous vapors by injection of an inert gas prior to launch and recovery of the remote inspection device. Prior to removal of the launching system, the surface of the stored liquid mass is re-coated with vapor suppression foam.

Abstract: Two-phase flushing systems and methods. An example method includes moving a valve to a first position to fluidly connect a first reagent reservoir containing a first reagent to a flow cell and flowing the first reagent from the first reagent reservoir to the flow cell to perform a biochemical reaction. The method includes moving the valve to a second position to fluidly connect a gas to the flow cell and flowing gas into the flow cell to expel at least a portion of the first reagent from the biochemical reaction from the flow cell. The method includes moving the valve to a third position to fluidly connect a buffer reagent reservoir containing a buffer reagent to the flow cell and flowing the buffer reagent into the flow cell.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to avoid a decrease in dispensing accuracy of a sample, a reagent, or the like as a temperature changes. In an automatic analyzer, a dispensing nozzle sucks the sample from a sample container holding the sample and discharges the sample to a reaction container. A syringe pump controls an amount of change in a volume of water. A first pipe connects the dispensing nozzle and the syringe pump. An electromagnetic valve flows or stops the water. A second pipe connects the electromagnetic valve and the syringe pump. A branch pipe branches the water. A third pipe connects the electromagnetic valve and the branch pipe. A case accommodates at least the syringe pump, the first pipe, the electromagnetic valve, the second pipe, the branch pipe, and the third pipe. Further, the third pipe includes a heat exchange unit that performs heat exchange of the water.

Abstract: An automated analyzer is provided that includes a sample probe for dispensing a substance to be dispensed into a plurality of reaction vessels for causing a sample to be analyzed to react with a reagent, a measurement unit (e.g., light source, spectrophotometer, and control device) for measuring a reaction liquid produced from the sample and reagent in a reaction vessel, a cleaning tank for probe cleaning, and a control device for controlling the operation of the probe, measurement unit, and cleaning tank. The cleaning tank includes a cleaning pool for storing cleaning water for immersing and cleaning the probe and a drying tank for sucking up the cleaning water on the surface of the probe after the probe has been immersed in the cleaning water of the cleaning water pool and cleaned. As a result, it is possible to reduce the amount of cleaning water used to clean the probe.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for launch and recovery of a remote inspection device within a fluid storage tank. In one embodiment, the tank is accessed by opening an entrance hatch and then injecting a vapor suppression foam across a surface of a stored liquid mass to form a foam layer. A launching system having a remote inspection device is attached to the entrance hatch to define a launch and recovery space sealed from an external environment and isolated from the stored liquid mass in the tank via a valve and the foam layer. The launch and recovery space is purged of hazardous vapors by injection of an inert gas prior to launch and recovery of the remote inspection device. Prior to removal of the launching system, the surface of the stored liquid mass is re-coated with vapor suppression foam.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for launch and recovery of a remote inspection device within a liquid storage tank are described herein. In one embodiment, the tank is accessed by opening an entrance hatch and then injecting a vapor suppression foam across a surface of a stored liquid mass to form a foam layer. A launching system having a remote inspection device is attached to the entrance hatch to define a launch and recovery space sealed from an external environment and isolated from the stored liquid mass in the tank via a valve and the foam layer. The launch and recovery space is purged of hazardous vapors by injection of an inert gas prior to launch and recovery of the remote inspection device. Prior to removal of the launching system, the surface of the stored liquid mass is re-coated with vapor suppression foam.

Abstract: Cleaning arms for cleaning containers are disclosed that can be used for transportation of food, medical, and/or pharmaceutical products. In some embodiments, a container cleaning arm comprises a main body and rotatable head for cleaning a container interior surface. The main body comprises a proximate end configured for engaging with a motorized drive and a distal end rotatably coupled to the rotatable head. The rotatable head comprises a first washing nozzle or group of washing nozzles and a first air knife dryer positioned adjacent to the first group of washing nozzles.

Abstract: A system and method for cleaning coils in a fired heater is provided. The cleaning system includes a data acquisition tool configured to pass through the coils to acquire data. The cleaning system is configured to establish a pre-cleaning fouling baseline derived from the data for the coils. The cleaning system is configured to develop an optimized cleaning plan for the coils based on the pre-cleaning fouling baseline. The optimized cleaning plan includes a focused cleaning for a fouling area in the coils. The cleaning system further includes at least one cleaning pig configured to clean the coils based on the optimized cleaning plan. The cleaning system further includes a decoking truck for cleaning the coils with the cleaning pig based on the optimized cleaning plan.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the hydro-erosive processing of components, in which hydro-erosive grinding a liquid containing grinding particles flows over surfaces of the component (1), in a device having a channel (3), through which the liquid containing grinding particles flows under pressure and in which the component (1) to be ground is held and in which a valve (5) is positioned upstream of the component (1) in the flow direction, by means of which valve the flow of the liquid can be adjusted.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine system includes a gas turbine engine including a compressor, combustor including a plurality of late lean fuel injectors supplied with secondary fuel; gas turbine, and wash system configured to be attached and in fluid communication with the late lean fuel injectors. The wash system includes a water source including water; first fluid source including a first fluid providing vanadium ash and vanadium deposit mitigation and removal from internal gas turbine components; a mixing chamber in communication with the water source and first fluid source; a water pump to pump the water to the mixing chamber; a first fluid pump the first fluid to the mixing chamber; a fluid line in fluid communication with the mixing chamber and late lean fuel injectors so fluid from the mixing chamber is injected into the combustor at the late lean fuel injectors while the gas turbine engine is on-line.

Abstract: A sterilization system includes a vial, a carrier of microorganisms disposed in the vial, and a fluid management system having an output connectable to the vial for delivering a liquid chemical sterilant and a neutralizer thereto. Additionally, a growth medium may be delivered to the vial such that the vial and growth medium may assessed for a change to a visual characteristic indicative of sterilization inefficacy.

Abstract: A sterilization system includes a vial, a carrier of microorganisms disposed in the vial, and a fluid management system having an output connectable to the vial for delivering a liquid chemical sterilant and a neutralizer thereto. Additionally, a growth medium may be delivered to the vial such that the vial and growth medium may assessed for a change to a visual characteristic indicative of sterilization inefficacy.

Abstract: A method of removing trapped hydrocarbons from pipework, the pipework comprising a through pipe (1) extending from an inlet to an outlet, and at least one up-pipe (2a, 2b) extending upwardly from the through pipe. The method comprises: flushing the through pipe with a water-based liquid (6) which has a density less than hydrocarbons; wherein the water-based liquid comprises a plurality of rigid containers, such as microspheres, the rigid containers each having a sealed void containing a gas. in this way, hydrocarbons in the up-pipes may be removed without hot-tapping them. The flushing may be performed by directing pipeline pigs (5a, 5b) in front of and behind the water-based liquid. The pigs may be a cross-linked gel, based pipeline pig with elastomeric properties. A kit of parts for such a method is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to water jet equipment. Specifically, water jet equipment that includes a support frame comprised of a plurality of stackable trollies that support a plurality of lances as those lances are inserted into and withdrawn from heat exchanger tubes during a cleaning operation of the same. A method of cleaning elongated tubes by positioning and rotating the lances while moving in a first direction is further provided.

Abstract: An instrument configured for performing a surgery includes a distal end portion, a proximal end portion, and a tube connecting the distal end portion and the proximal end portion. A fluid fitting includes an inlet configured for receiving flow of an irrigating fluid into the instrument and at least two exits configured for guiding the flow of the irrigating fluid out of the instrument. A first exit is configured to allow the irrigating fluid to flow towards the distal end portion of the instrument and a second exit is configured to allow the irrigating fluid to flow towards the proximal end portion of the tube. A size of the first exit is larger than a size of the second exit to enable greater flow towards the distal end portion.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein relate a cleaning fixture and method to prevent chemical solutions from contacting the various substrate supporting member features and penetrating into the holes and the metal plate of the substrate supporting surface. The cleaning fixture includes a mounting plate having a plurality of thru-holes arranged on a bolt circle and configured to align with a plurality of thread holes disposed in an electrostatic chuck, a recess formed in the mounting plate, and a gas port formed through the mounting plate. A sealed plenum is formed between the recess of the mounting plate and a lower surface of the electrostatic chuck when the electrostatic chuck is coupled to the mounting plate. The gas port is fluidly coupled to the sealed plenum.

Abstract: Systems and methods for efficient on-line pigging of a coker furnace without interruption of the delayed coking process, which will save time and money during the delayed coking process. This system can be retrofitted to existing coker furnaces.

Abstract: A system and method for cleaning, rinsing, and sanitizing a container is disclosed. The system has a sanitizing agent chamber for storing a sanitizing agent, the one or more solution chambers in fluid communication with the container, a pump in fluid commination with the sanitizing agent, wherein the pump is in communication with a gas, and at least one spray nozzle fluidly connected to the at least one solution chamber via a conduit positioned within the container, wherein the spray nozzle comprises a housing inside which the sanitizing agent is mixed at pressure with the gas to disperse the sanitizing agent and gas mixture into the container for sanitizing the container.

Abstract: A controller performs a first operation in which a heat source device directly or indirectly heats water in a first channel of a heat exchanger and a second operation in which the heat source device directly or indirectly cools the water in the first channel of the heat exchanger after the first operation ends.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a device for assembling and processing a plate heat exchanger of a power battery, including a cleaning box, and a base platform. The base platform is welded to a bottom of the cleaning box. A water outlet pipe is welded symmetrically through an inside of the base platform obliquely. A power box is provided at a middle of the inside of the base platform. A motor is screwedly provided inside the power box. A top end of a rotating shaft of the motor is penetratingly welded to a bottom end of a rotating plate, and a welding position between the rotating shaft and the rotating plate is sealed. An edge of an upper surface of the rotating plate is welded to a bottom end of a connecting column, and a top end of the connecting column is penetratingly welded to an upper plate.

Abstract: A method for reconditioning an endoscope in a reconditioning apparatus, the method including: connecting an interior of the endoscope to a leakage tester of the reconditioning apparatus; supplying the interior with a fluid at a predefined pressure; carrying out a reconditioning process using a rinsing liquid; monitoring the pressure in the interior of the endoscope during the reconditioning process; and identifying the endoscope as defective if a profile of the pressure deviates from a predefined pressure profile; wherein the predefined pressure profile is determined according to process parameters of the reconditioning process.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method of treating the pipes of the drinking water network of an aircraft for cleaning purposes, said network comprising at least one storage tank and a plurality of pipes providing a plurality of water inlet and outlet points, notable in that it involves the following operations: —injecting water at a high temperature of between fifty and one hundred degrees Celsius into the network, for treatment purposes, —draining, —injecting cold water at a temperature no higher than thirty degrees Celsius combined with chemical treatment products comprising a chlorinated product or hydrogen peroxide, —draining, —injecting water at a high temperature of between fifty and one hundred degrees Celsius for rinsing purposes, eliminating the chemical treatment products comprising a chlorinated product or hydrogen peroxide, —draining. Applications: cleaning the drinking water network of an aircraft.

Abstract: A wellbore tool is conditioned between downhole deployments with a substantially continuous application of a conditioning fluid within the tool. Selectively removable caps connect to ends of the tool after its removal from the wellbore. If the tool is part of a downhole string, the caps are added after the tool is decoupled from the remainder of the string. The conditioning fluid is introduced into the tool through a fitting on one of the end caps; and while a fitting on the other end cap is opened to vent fluids resident within the tool. The caps are in sealing contact with a housing of the tool to retain the conditioning fluid inside the tool. A fluid supply system at the well site provides the conditioning fluid. Example conditioning fluids include a fracturing fluid, a completion fluid, a diluent, a solubilizing agent, an anti-scaling agent, a pH buffer, a liquid freezing point depressant, corrosion and oxidation inhibitors, oxygen scavengers, biocides, surfactants, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: An agitator rotor includes a shaft, rails, and a rod. The shaft defines a longitudinal axis. The rails extend radially from and are coupled to the shaft. The rails are separated from each other along a length of the shaft. Each rail includes a surface defining a non-zero angle with respect to the longitudinal axis of the shaft. The rod includes a first end coupled to a first one of the rails. The rod includes a second end coupled to a second one of the rails. A projection of the first end and the second end of the rod in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the shaft defines a minor arc about a portion of the shaft.

Abstract: A force transducer is coupled to a distal portion of a shaft of a surgical instrument. The force transducer includes proximal and distal portions, radial ribs, and a plurality of strain gauges. The radial ribs form a plurality of through passages. The surgical instrument further includes a flush manifold that receives a liquid from a proximal portion of the shaft, and that directs the liquid along a first subset of through passages of the plurality of through passages toward the distal portion of the force transducer. A plenum at the distal portion of the force transducer collects the liquid from the first subset of through passages and redirects the liquid back toward the proximal portion of the shaft along a second subset of through passages of the plurality of through passages different from the first subset of through passages.

Abstract: A device may be configured for white balancing a medical videoscopic camera system prior to videoscopic medical procedures, as well as optionally simultaneously or non-simultaneously applying a fog-prohibiting agent to the distal lens of a medical videoscope such as an endoscope or laparoscope. The device combines a white balancing mechanism, protective mechanism, and defogging mechanism in one simple easy to use device.

Abstract: Processing chambers and methods to disrupt the boundary layer are described. The processing chamber includes a showerhead and a substrate support therein. The showerhead and the substrate support are spaced to have a process gap between them. In use, a boundary layer is formed adjacent to the substrate support or wafer surface. As the reaction occurs at the wafer surface, reaction products and byproduct are produced, resulting in reduced chemical utilization rate. The processing chamber and methods described disrupt the boundary layer by changing one or more process parameters (e.g., pressure, flow rate, time, process gap or temperature of fluid passing through the showerhead).

Abstract: A method of cooling electronic equipment is disclosed and includes substantially continuously circulating ambient air across a plurality of rack-mounted electronic devices, monitoring the temperature of air in or around a group of devices in the plurality of rack-mounted electronic devices, and providing substantially cooler-than-ambient air to the group of devices when the monitored air temperatures rises above a set value.

Abstract: A method and a system for cleaning a machine for making liquid and/or semi-liquid food products for the ice cream, pastry or catering trade, wherein the machine is fed with a capsule containing a preparation for cleaning the machine, after which a cycle for cleaning the machine is started.

Abstract: Provided are methods of immunizing a viewport of a medical device against fogging before or during a medical procedure, and related apparatuses and devices. The methods comprise applying plasma to the viewport prior to use, thereby rendering a surface of the viewport highly hydrophilic. The methods eliminate or at least significantly reduce blur due to fogging.

Abstract: An automatic pipe clean system for massage bath equipment includes a bathtub, a water-filling pipe, a water-draining pipe, a suction pipe, a pump pipe, a pump connected between the suction pipe and the pump pipe, an automatic water-filling pipe, a water-filling valve and a controller. The controller is configured to: in a cleaning stage: turn on the pump to allow the water to pass and clean the suction pipe and the pump pipe; and in a drying stage: turn on the pump to allow the water to drain out from the suction pipe and the pump pipe; and turn off the pump.

Abstract: An embodiment system and method for dispensing multiple dairy products includes a dispenser which houses two or more dairy product bases with different formulations, which may be combined with or without water to create a multitude of homogenous dairy beverages. The two or more dairy product bases may be mixed together first and then separately mixed with water, mixed together simultaneously with water, or mixed together without adding water. They may be mixed together with or without additional flavoring, ingredients, mineral or nutritional additives. The dispenser comprises a pump with a quick-release mechanism to allow for quick and clean maintenance of the system.

Abstract: An unclogging system for the plumbing of a sink/garbage disposal assembly including a water supply line, a sink drain waste line, a garbage disposal waste line, and an end-outlet tee having a first inlet, a second inlet connected to the sink drain waste line, and an interior baffle disposed adjacent to the first inlet. The system includes a coupling adaptor having a waste-in end attached to the garbage disposal waste line, a waste-out end attached to the first inlet, a hollow interior for the passage of fluid/waste therethrough, and an inlet port. A water jet tube extending through the inlet port into the interior directs water toward the waste-out end and at the baffle. A solenoid valve allowing a flow of water from the water supply line to the water jet tube is coupled to a power outlet, which simultaneously powers the solenoid valve and the garbage disposal.

Abstract: A water heater flushing system includes a housing having an inlet configured to be coupled to a drain port of the water heater and receive water therefrom, and an outlet configured to discharge water from the housing. A series of filter elements are positioned and spaced apart within the housing transverse to a water flow path defined between the inlet and the outlet, the series of filter elements are configured to separate solid impurities from the water according to different particle sizes (e.g. progressively different or finer particle sizes) in the water flow path between the inlet and the outlet. A viewing feature, such as a transparent lid, is carried by the housing and configured to provide visual access to an interior of the housing for inspection of separated solid impurities at each of the filter elements. A sediment buster may be coupled to the inlet of the housing and configured to send a fluid into the drain port of the water heater.

Abstract: A method for charging coolant in a cooling system for a vehicle may include determining a vehicle-diagnostic apparatus connection that determines whether a diagnostic apparatus configured for charging coolant has been connected to a vehicle; starting a coolant charging mode for charging the coolant by the diagnostic apparatus; and determining whether a coolant charging mode release condition has been satisfied after starting the coolant charging mode.

Abstract: System, method and process for disinfection of internal surfaces in aseptic tanks and pipelines by flooding with sanitizing fog in facilities designed to store liquids in general, such system comprising an external equipment with means to generate sanitizing fog, controlling means of gases flow rate, in-line detectors and draining means of gases inside the tank, input means of fog carrying means comprising inert gases. Disinfection process comprises introduction of a sanitizing fog with droplets with a maximum size of 10 ?m, preferably with maximum size of 5 ?m, simultaneously with removal of gases enclosed inside such tanks and pipelines, maintaining a positive pressure inside such tanks and pipelines, such method providing reduction of oxygen concentration inside the tanks in two steps, the first one comprising reduction to near 10% and the second a reduction to a value below 1%, filling the tank with a sanitizing fog during the second step.

Abstract: A method for washing laboratory consumables comprises receiving, in a drawer compartment of a washing device, a rack holding a plurality of laboratory consumables, the drawer compartment selectively movable out and in between, respectively, an open and a closed position, the receiving occurring when the drawer compartment is in its open position; moving the drawer compartment to its closed position; moving a manifold dispenser downward from a loading/unloading position to a washing position; the manifold dispenser in a top compartment of the washing device that is positioned above the drawer compartment when the drawer compartment is in its closed position, the manifold dispenser selectively movable up and down between, respectively its loading/unloading position and its washing position; and directing one or more fluid solutions to contact the plurality of laboratory consumables out of a plurality of liquid outputs of the manifold dispenser.

Abstract: A method for washing laboratory consumables comprises directing one or more liquid solutions to contact a plurality of laboratory consumables held by a rack, draining the one or more liquid solutions via a waste drain disposed proximate to a washing chamber configured to receive the one or more directed liquid solutions following the contact by the one or more liquid solutions with the plurality of laboratory consumables, and exposing the plurality of laboratory consumables to light in an ultraviolet (UV) range. The directing comprises introducing the one or more liquid solutions into a fluid input and out of a plurality of fluid outputs of a manifold dispenser. The number of fluid outputs is equal to the number of laboratory consumables such that each one of the fluid outputs directs the one or more liquid solutions at a corresponding one of the laboratory consumables.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for commissioning steam turbine generator power plants to advance the cleanliness of the complete steam cycle by the conditioned discharge of steam to the plant surface condenser.

Abstract: Cleanout tools and related methods of operation. At least some of the example embodiments are cleanout tools including a tool body that defines an internal annular channel, a joiner coupled to the tool body, a sleeve telescoped within the joiner and tool body, and a ball disposed within the annular channel. The ball held within the annular channel by the sleeve, and the ball configured to move along the annular channel under force of fluid pumped into the cleanout tool. The ball creates a pulsing of fluid streams exiting the tool body. Moreover, in some example systems the fluid streams created by the tool body intersect the inside diameter of a casing at non-perpendicular angles.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for preventing or decreasing scale formation on process surfaces in manufacturing process of paper, board or the like, in which method performic acid is used as an antiscaling agent.

Abstract: A membrane separation type activated sludge treatment method according to an aspect of the present invention includes a step of performing biological treatment on waste water and a step of performing membrane separation on water having been treated in the biological treatment step. The membrane separation step employs a plurality of filtration modules including a plurality of hollow fiber membranes arranged adjacent to one another and oriented in one direction and a pair of holding members fixing both ends of the plurality of hollow fiber membranes, and a plurality of cleaning modules supplying air bubbles from beneath the filtration modules. An amount of treated water sucked by the filtration modules and an amount of air bubbles supplied by the cleaning modules are varied in response to variations in an inflow rate of the waste water in the biological treatment step.

Abstract: The invention provides cleaning agents, cleaning liquids and cleaning methods that effectively remove contaminants which are impossible to remove sufficiently with conventional cleaning liquids at the occurrence of a decrease in performances such as permeation flux and salt rejection rate due to contamination of permeable membranes, in particular aromatic polyamide RO membranes used in water treatment. Permeable membranes are cleaned with a cleaning liquid which is an aqueous solution including a chloramine compound and an alkali agent and having a pH of 10 or above. The chloramine compound is preferably one obtained by mixing a compound having a primary amino group with hypochlorous acid and/or a hypochlorite.