Abstract: A system 100 for cleaning solar panels 304 arranged in a row includes a frame 102, rotating members 106 and a stationary brush 110. The frame 102 moves along the row of solar panels 304. The rotating members 106 interfaces with surface of the solar panel 304. An axis of rotation of the rotating members 106 is incident at an angle to the solar panels 304. The plurality of rotating members 106 are connected to the frame 102 to move with the frame 102 along the row of solar panels 304. The stationary brush 110 is engaged to the frame 102. The brush 110 interfaces with the surface of the solar panel 304 to unsettle foreign particles present on the surface of the solar panel 304, as the frame 102 traverses along the row of solar panels 304.

Abstract: An easy-to-use paint roller cleaning device with multiple cleaning members sized for interfacing with rollers and naps of various sizes while the user holds onto the device along a handle. The cleaning members have an opening encircled by a roller interface wall which squeezes tightly over the nap while its paint-scraping rim removes the paint or other liquid from the roller nap and the paint-guiding wall urges the liquid downward to exit the nap. The paint roll cleaner tool will scrape the entire length of the nap before clearing the tip of the nap farthest from the painting handle. The cleaning structures come in sizes suited for standard and mini rollers with a variety of naps including ¼ inch, ? inch, and ½ inch.

Abstract: A processing solution containing solvent and solute is supplied onto a substrate (9). The processing solution transforms into a particle retention layer as a result of at least part of the solvent being volatilized from the processing solution and causing the processing solution to solidify or harden. The particle retention layer is removed from the substrate (9) by supplying a removal liquid onto the substrate (9). A solute component contained in the particle retention layer is insoluble or poorly soluble in the removal liquid, whereas the solvent is soluble. The solute component contained in the particle retention layer has the property of being altered to become soluble in the removal liquid when heated to a temperature higher than or equal to an alteration temperature. The removal liquid is supplied after the formation of the particle retention layer, without undergoing a process of alternating the solute component.

Abstract: An apparatus to facilitate makeup blending and application is disclosed. The makeup blender includes a body that provides a steady state vibration and is easily grasped by a human hand. The makeup blender is electrically powered by replaceable batteries or rechargeable batteries. The makeup blender provides for an attachment interface that facilitates easy snap on or off, for attachments such as a brush or a cotton ball holder. The electrically powered consistent vibration on an attachment such as a brush provides for even and smooth blending of makeup over the skin.

Abstract: The substrate processing method includes a hydrophilization step of hydrophilizing a surface of a substrate, a processing liquid supplying step of supplying a processing liquid to the hydrophilized surface of the substrate, a processing film forming step in which the processing liquid supplied to the surface of the substrate is solidified or cured to form a processing film on the surface of the substrate, and a peeling step in which a peeling liquid is supplied to the surface of the substrate to peel the processing film from the surface of the substrate. The peeling step includes a penetrating hole forming step in which the processing film is partially dissolved in the peeling liquid to form a penetrating hole in the processing film.

Abstract: An imaging device images rearward of a vehicle through a windshield from inside a cabin of the vehicle, and a vehicle washing device includes a wiping device and a controller. The wiping device is capable of reciprocatingly wiping a predetermined range of the windshield. The predetermined range of the windshield includes an imaging range for the imaging device. The controller switches operation of the wiping device to one of a first mode or a second mode in accordance with an input. In the first mode, the wiping device wipes the predetermined range of the windshield. In the second mode, the wiping device wipes the imaging range of the windshield preferentially compared to the first mode.

Abstract: A substrate washing device includes a roll washing member, a single tube nozzle and spray nozzle. The roll washing member linearly extends over the entire length of the diameter of the substrate and comes into slide-contact with the surface of the substrate. The single tube nozzle discharges washing liquid onto a roll winding side of the roll washing member so that the first washing liquid lands in the front center of the substrate. The spray nozzle sprays a second washing liquid in a fan shape toward a second area when the roll winding side area is divided into two areas.

Abstract: The product of the invention allows cleaning products to be obtained by substantially increasing the oil-to-soap conversion rate to minimise the amount of product to be used, with minimum energy use and maximum transformation speed, allowing work with large volumes of oil. For this purpose, the product for obtaining cleaning products from vegetable oils comprises the following composition in % by weight: sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) between 9 and 11%, anhydrous trisodium phosphate between 4.5 and 6%, sodium stearate between 0.1 and 0.3%, xanthan gum between 0.5 and 0.7%, optionally brightener and/or perfume, and the amount of water needed to reach 100%.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to etching compositions that are useful for, e.g., selectively removing silicon germanium (SiGe) from a semiconductor substrate as an intermediate step in a multistep semiconductor manufacturing process.

Abstract: Embodiments relate generally to marine geophysical surveying. More particularly, embodiments relate to an underwater application system for application of a streamer coating to a surface of a streamer. An embodiment may comprise a marine geophysical survey system. The marine geophysical survey system may comprise a streamer and an underwater application system operable to apply a streamer coating to the streamer as the underwater application system travels axially along the streamer.

Abstract: In a chemical mechanical polishing system, a platen shield cleaning assembly is installed on a rotatable platen in a gap between the rotatable platen and a platen shield. The assembly includes a sponge holder attached to the platen and a sponge. The sponge is held by the sponge holder such that an outer surface of the sponge is pressed against an inner surface of the platen shield.

Abstract: An antimicrobial wipe is provided including a textile comprised of natural fibers untreated with a chemical bonding agent, the textile is treated with an antimicrobial composition, the antimicrobial composition comprising a quaternary ammonium compound and an organic acid, wherein the antimicrobial composition is surfactant free, emollient free, and polymeric free. A method of preparing such wipes is also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of a detergent composition for removing hydrophobic residues and pigments on manufacturing or packaging devices or any other hardware used for manufacturing or packaging cosmetic or pharmaceutical compositions, said detergent composition including: a non-ionic surfactant selected from among the alkoxylated fatty alcohols; a non-aromatic co-surfactant selected from among the amine oxides, alkyl sulfates and alkyl sulfonates; and an organic alkaline agent selected from among the amino alcohols, excluding monoethanolamine, the non-aromatic co-surfactant being contained in the detergent composition in an amount of from 1 to 15 wt % in relation to the total weight of the composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a self-cleaning optical housing arrangement comprising a first cylindrical shell, a shaft, a motor, a second cylindrical shell, a cleaning pad, a shaft magnet and a cylinder magnet. The shaft magnet and the cylinder magnet are arranged in order to magnetically interact such that a rotation of the shaft causes the shaft magnet to exert a force on the cylinder magnet causing the second cylindrical shell to rotate with the shaft. The cleaning pad will upon rotation of the shaft and the second cylindrical shell, sweep across and thereby clean at least a part of an outer surface of the first cylindrical shell.

Abstract: Provided is a lidar sensor having a driving motor of which the entire portion is covered under an inclined surface of a scan mirror having an opened bottom surface and an A-shaped cross-section. A rotating shaft of the driving motor may be connected to the bottom of a backing surface disposed under the inclined surface, a magnet may be disposed at the bottom of one or more of the backing surface and a support surface which are connected to the inclined surface of the scan mirror, and a hall sensor may be disposed at the bottom surface of the lidar sensor corresponding to the position where the magnet is disposed.

Abstract: A vacuum cleaner that includes a suction source configured to generate a suction airflow, a dirt collector in fluid communication with the suction source and configured to separate debris from the suction airflow and the dirt collector is configured to store the debris separated from the suction airflow. The vacuum further includes an infrared sensor operable to output a signal corresponding to a distance to an amount of debris stored in the dirt collector, a controller that receives the signal, and the controller is operable to determine a fill level stored in the dirt collector based on the signal. A visual display displays the fill level stored in the dirt collector.

Abstract: A vacuum cleaner that includes a suction source configured to generate a suction airflow, a dirt collector in fluid communication with the suction source and configured to separate debris from the suction airflow and the dirt collector is configured to store the debris separated from the suction airflow. The vacuum further includes an infrared sensor operable to output a signal corresponding to a distance to an amount of debris stored in the dirt collector, a controller that receives the signal, and the controller is operable to determine a fill level stored in the dirt collector based on the signal. A visual display displays the fill level stored in the dirt collector.

Abstract: In a chemical mechanical polishing system, a platen shield cleaning assembly is installed on a rotatable platen in a gap between the rotatable platen and a platen shield. The assembly includes a sponge holder attached to the platen and a sponge. The sponge is held by the sponge holder such that an outer surface of the sponge is pressed against an inner surface of the platen shield.

Abstract: A cleaning device having a handle and one or more cleaning members. A first of the cleaning members has a first finger, a second finger spaced apart from the first finger, and a compliant member extending from the first finger to the second finger. The compliant member is constructed at least partially from a metallic material. The first finger is spaced from the second finger to accommodate a cross-member of a cooking grate between the first finger and the second finger such that the compliant member contacts the cross-member. A second of the cleaning members has an elongation and a first bar and a second bar extending transverse to the elongation, the second bar spaced from the first bar along the elongation. The second of the cleaning members is configured to be inserted between adjacent cross-members of a cooking grate and, after insertion, rotated.

Abstract: Implementations of the disclosed subject matter provide a method of moving, using a drive system, a mobile robot within an area. Detecting, using at least one sensor of the mobile robot, at least one of air within the area, a surface within the area, and/or an object within the area. The area may be mapped in three dimensions based on the detecting of at least one of the air, the surface, and the object as the mobile robot moves within the area. Ultraviolet (UV) light may be emitted from a light source of the mobile robot to disinfect at least a portion of the area. A representation of the emission of the UV light may be plotted onto the mapped area to generate an exposure plot, where the representation is of the UV light emitted on at least one of the air, the surface, and the object in the area.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein generally relate to a brush, a method of forming a brush, and a structure embodied in a machine readable medium used in a design process are provided. The brush includes a body and a channel configured to deliver a cleaning liquid through holes in the body. The method forms the brush using 3D printing. The structure provides details for making the brush. The disclosure herein allows a method of forming a brush that does not require the removal of active porogen.

Abstract: The present invention relates to self powered and timer based solar panel cleaning system that is operated by self generating electrical power from solar energy and reduces wear and tear problem of moving parts. In this system, the microcontroller (54) is interfaced with motor driver (51) and brush driver (52). Said motor driver (51) and brush driver (52) control the speed of wheel motor (32) and brush driver (33). When ultrasonic sensor (5) sends signal to microcontroller (54), said microcontroller (54) generates and transmits signal to wheel motor driver (51) and brush driver (52). Thus, when structure reaches nearby the end edge of the solar panel array, said drivers gradually reduce r.p.m. of wheel motor (32) and brush motor (33) and then motors stop when machine reaches to opposite platform. Thus, during alteration of mode, r.p.m. of motors will be at substantially low that prevents the moving parts from damage.

Abstract: A system has a first floor processing device guided manually by a user within an environment, a second, exclusively automatically operated floor processing device, and a computing device. The first floor processing device has a detection device for detecting a parameter of the environment and/or a surface to be processed, and the second floor processing device has a navigation device for navigating and self-localizing in the environment. In order to enable an optimal floor processing of the environment with as little assistance by the user as possible, the computing device is set up, based on the parameter detected by the detection device of the first floor processing device, to determine whether a specific partial surface area of the surface to be processed is suitable for floor processing by the second floor processing device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hand dishwashing cleaning composition including a surfactant system, wherein the surfactant system includes an anionic surfactant and a co-surfactant, wherein the anionic surfactant includes a mixture of a linear anionic surfactant and a branched anionic surfactant with a defined degree of branching on an alkyl ethoxy sulfate surfactant. Such compositions exhibit surprising and unexpected improved sudsing profile, preferably stable suds, especially when the manual dishwashing is performed in a sink full of water with the cleaning composition diluted in it.

Abstract: The need for a container and detergent composition with reduced or no clogging of the spray nozzle, and improved visibility of the spray on the surface, even without the presence of a mesh in front of the spray nozzle and even when spraying at larger spray angles, is met when formulating the detergent composition to comprise a branched alkoxylated alcohol.

Abstract: A processing solution containing solvent and solute is supplied onto a substrate (9). The processing solution transforms into a particle retention layer as a result of at least part of the solvent being volatilized from the processing solution and causing the processing solution to solidify or harden. The particle retention layer is removed from the substrate (9) by supplying a removal liquid onto the substrate (9). A solute component contained in the particle retention layer is insoluble or poorly soluble in the removal liquid, whereas the solvent is soluble. The solute component contained in the particle retention layer has the property of being altered to become soluble in the removal liquid when heated to a temperature higher than or equal to an alteration temperature. The removal liquid is supplied after the formation of the particle retention layer, without undergoing a process of alternating the solute component.

Abstract: Methods and systems for recipient-assisted recharging during delivery by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) are disclosed herein. During a UAV transport task, a UAV determines that the UAV has arrived at a delivery location specified by a first flight leg of the transport task. The UAV responsively initiates a notification process indicating that a recipient-assisted recharging process should be initiated at or near the delivery location. When the UAV determines that the recipient-assisted recharging process has recharged a battery of the UAV to a target level, and also determines that a non-returnable portion of the payload has been removed from the UAV while a returnable portion of the payload is coupled to or held by the UAV, the UAV initiates a second flight segment of the transport task.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an apparatus and a method for manufacturing a battery cell, and more particularly, to an apparatus and a method for manufacturing a battery cell, wherein a pressing jig provided with a semi-elliptical pressing part presses the battery cell to remove air bubbles from the battery cell.

Abstract: A process for producing a melamine-formaldehyde foam by heating and foaming an aqueous mixture M using microwave radiation, said mixture M comprising at least one melamine-formal-dehyde precondensate, at least one curative, at least one surfactant, at least one blowing agent and at least one linear polymer with a number average molecular weight Mn in the range from 500 to 10,000 g/mol and at least two functional groups selected from OH, NH2 or COOH as well as a melamine-formaldehyde foam obtainable by this process and its use.

Abstract: Systems for cleaning electroplating system components may include a seal cleaning assembly incorporated with an electroplating system. The seal cleaning assembly may include an arm pivotable between a first position and a second position. The arm may be rotatable about a central axis of the arm. The seal cleaning assembly may include a cleaning head coupled with a distal portion of the arm. The cleaning head may include a bracket having a faceplate coupled with the arm, and a housing extending from the faceplate. The housing may define one or more arcuate channels extending through the housing to a front surface of the bracket. The cleaning head may also include a rotatable cartridge extending from the housing of the bracket. The cartridge may include a mount cylinder defining one or more apertures configured to deliver a cleaning solution to a pad coupled about the mount cylinder.

Abstract: There is provided an image processing apparatus that displays the camera captured image via the spin window on the display and the condition of the travel direction even in the bad weather can be more reliably checked. The image processing apparatus includes a camera that captures an image via the spin window, an image processor that generates a display image, and a display that displays the generated image by the image processor. The image processing apparatus further includes a pulse light output unit, and the camera includes a first camera and a second camera that capture images at timings after elapse of different times from a pulse light output timing of the pulse light output unit. The respective cameras capture images of different spaces, and the image processor generates a differential image between the images captured by the respective cameras and displays the differential image on the display.

Abstract: The need for a liquid hand-dishwashing composition which provides further improved sudsing volume and longevity when washing dishware using diluted liquid hand dishwashing compositions, especially in the presence of greasy soil and particulate soil, while still providing the desired cleaning, is met when the composition is formulated with a surfactant system comprising a specific level of alkyl sulfate surfactant and a co-surfactant, when the alkyl chain of the alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant has a mol fraction of C12 and C13 chains of at least about 50%, and the C13/C12 mol ratio of the alkyl chain is at least about 57/43.

Abstract: It is an object to carry out a chemical treatment for a peripheral edge part of a substrate while suppressing an amount of consumption of a processing liquid and a time required for processing. In order to achieve the object, a substrate processing device injects heating steam to a peripheral edge part of a substrate to heat the peripheral edge part when carrying out a chemical treatment for the peripheral edge part of the substrate while rotating the substrate in a substantially horizontal posture. Moreover, the substrate processing device injects a gas from above the substrate toward a predetermined injection target region defined within a range surrounded by a rotating track of the peripheral edge part of the substrate in an upper surface of the substrate, thereby generating, on the substrate, a gas flow which flows from the injection target region toward the peripheral edge part of the substrate.

Abstract: An apparatus for in situ steam generation oxidation are provided. The apparatus includes a reactor chamber. The apparatus also includes a radiant source over the chamber. The radiant source includes a plurality of lamps for heating the reactor chamber. The apparatus further includes a lamphead over the radiant source for adjusting the temperature of the radiant source. In addition, the apparatus includes a gas inlet system coupled to the lamphead. The gas inlet system includes a mass flow controller for adjusting the flow rate of cooling gas into the lamphead. The apparatus includes a gas outlet system, on the opposite side of the cooling gas inlet system, coupled to the lamphead. The gas outlet system includes a pressure controller for accelerating the exhaust rate of the cooling gas.

Abstract: A cleaning material, device, and method for predictably cleaning the contact elements and support hardware of a tester interface, such as a probe card and a test socket, in which the cleaning pad has a predetermined configuration appropriate for the particular pin contact elements and a substrate having a defined functionalized surface topology and geometry which can be introduced into the testing apparatus during the normal testing operations. The cleaning material has a predetermined topography with a plurality of functional 3-dimensional (3D) microstructures that provide performance characteristics which are not possible with a non-functionalized and flat surface.

Abstract: An autonomous cleaning robot includes a drive operable to move the autonomous cleaning robot across a floor surface; a cleaning assembly configured to clean the floor surface; a receiver configured to receive an indication of cat activity in a cat box; and a controller configured to navigate the autonomous cleaning robot to the cat box to execute a cleaning mission in response to the received indication of cat activity.

Abstract: The present invention describes an insulator stack cleaner to remove dust and dirt from power line transmission insulators. The cleaner autonomously cleans an insulator stack. The cleaner has two cleaning cups that counter-rotate during cleaning. The cleaner moves along an insulator stack by opening one cleaning cup while the other cup is locked onto an insulator, then the cleaner's transitional motors somersault the open cup onto the next insulator in the stack, and the open cup subsequently closes around the next insulator. A rack and pinion mechanism rotates the closed cup around an insulator and a cam mechanism opens and closes the cup around an insulator. Bristles on the cleaning cups scrub the insulators. The cleaner can be installed onto an insulator stack by a drone.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention provides a substrate cleaning method including: supplying of a liquid cleaning solution containing a thermoreactive polymer resin in a solvent to a substrate; trapping of particles by gelling the liquid cleaning solution by phase transition through first heat treatment; liquefying of the gel-state cleaning solution with the particle trapped therein by phase transition through second heat treatment; and removing of the liquefied cleaning solution by supplying a rinse solution.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus includes an upper cup part including a first tubular portion and a second tubular portion that are formed each in a tubular shape capable of surrounding a substrate held by a substrate holder, the second tubular portion being connected to an upper side of the first tubular portion. The substrate processing apparatus also includes a cup moving unit that moves the upper cup part in a vertical direction with respect to the substrate holder to stop the upper cup part at each of a position where the first tubular portion surrounds the substrate, and a position where the second tubular portion surrounds the substrate.

Abstract: A lidar sensor may include: a transmitter configured to transmit laser; a receiver configured to receive reflected laser; a mirror rotating unit configured to rotate a mirror in a designated direction, the mirror serving to reflect the transmitted or received laser; a cleaning device driving unit configured to drive a cleaning device to remove foreign matters adhering to the cover of the lidar sensor; a signal processing unit configured to determine when or where the lidar sensor is covered and calculate a distance to an object; and a control unit configured to control the transmitter not to transmit a laser signal or control a rotational velocity or rotation time of the mirror at a point of time that the lidar sensor is covered by the cleaning device, and control detection or utilization of the received signal when the distance to the object is calculated.

Abstract: A vacuum cleaner that includes a suction source configured to generate a suction airflow, a dirt collector in fluid communication with the suction source and configured to separate debris from the suction airflow and the dirt collector is configured to store the debris separated from the suction airflow. The vacuum further includes an infrared sensor operable to output a signal corresponding to a distance to an amount of debris stored in the dirt collector, a controller that receives the signal, and the controller is operable to determine a fill level stored in the dirt collector based on the signal. A visual display displays the fill level stored in the dirt collector.

Abstract: Deploying and retrieving streamer cleaning devices. At least some of the example embodiments are methods including transferring a streamer cleaning device to a geophysical sensor streamer. The transferring may include towing the geophysical sensor streamer through water while the geophysical sensor streamer submerged, towing a tow fish through water by way of an umbilical (the streamer cleaning device coupled within a payload area of the tow fish during the towing of the tow fish through the water), landing the tow fish on the geophysical sensor streamer and thereby abutting the streamer cleaning device against the geophysical sensor streamer, closing the streamer cleaning device around the geophysical sensor streamer, releasing the streamer cleaning device from the payload area, and separating the tow fish from streamer cleaning device and the geophysical sensor streamer.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a cleaning apparatus for cleaning surfaces. The cleaning apparatus includes a cleaning brush. The cleaning brush includes a handle, a stem and a cleaning head. The stem includes a first end and a second end. The handle is coupled to the first end of the stem and extends longitudinally from the stem. The handle is adapted to be held by a user. The cleaning apparatus further includes an elongated tubular sheath secured with a cleaning pad. The elongated tubular sheath includes a closed end and an open end. The open end is configured to allow receipt of the cleaning brush within the elongated tubular sheath. The cleaning pad includes an inner space. The cleaning pad is secured to the closed end of the elongated tubular sheath. The cleaning head is accommodated in the inner space by pushing the closed end within the cleaning pad.

Abstract: The cleaning device is for cleaning the inner surface of pipes. The cleaning device has two sleeves on a flexible shaft and chains extending between the sleeves. A forward end sleeve is not attached to the shaft and is biased by a spring on the shaft. The cleaning device can be adapted to different pipe sizes by altering rotation speed of the cleaning device. High rotation speed compresses the spring and moves the chains further away from the shaft to enable cleaning of larger diameter pipes with the cleaning device.

Abstract: A wiper unit for an automobile windshield wiper system has at least one wiper arm connectable to a wiper drive of the windshield wiper system and at least one wiper blade supported by the wiper arm. In order to provide a lightweight wiper unit that can be produced cost-effectively and offers greater design freedom, at least one fiber-reinforced nonmetallic strip is arranged on the outside of the wiper arm and/or the wiper blade. That nonmetallic strip extends over at least half the length of the wiper arm or wiper blade, is connected to the wiper arm or the wiper blade in a substance-bonded manner, and is arranged at least in part on a side of the wiper arm or wiper blade which is arranged facing or facing away from an automobile windshield which is to be wiped.

Abstract: A method of controlling a particle size distribution of a filler in an extrudable composition comprises introducing an extrudable composition comprising a polymer matrix material and a filler into an extruder, the filler having a first average particle size that is larger than a target average particle size. The extrudable composition is extruded one or more times using the extruder to reduce the size of the filler from the first average particle size to a reduced average particle size, the reduced average particle size being within 10% of the target average particle size.

Abstract: A sweeping brush for an automatically moving cleaning device has a rotational axis receptacle for receiving a rotational axis of the cleaning device and at least one bundle receptacle that extends outwardly from a transition area on the rotational axis receptacle, which holds a bristle bundle having a plurality of bristles. The bundle receptacle is arched as viewed in an axial direction of the rotational axis receptacle. In order to optimize known sweeping brushes in terms of their service life and cleaning properties, the bundle receptacle is fabricated out of an elastic material.

Abstract: A dry and wet vacuum cleaner, including a main body, including a main base disposed at a bottom portion of the main body, a dry debris collecting compartment disposed on the main base to store therein dry debris gathered from a surface, a liquid containing compartment disposed on the main base to store a liquid therein, and a water collecting compartment to store therein water collected from the surface, a dry vacuum connected to the dry debris collecting compartment to gather the dry debris from the surface, a wet vacuum connected to the water collecting compartment to gather the water from the surface, a plurality of nozzles connected to the main base to spray the liquid downward onto the surface, and a scrubbing cylinder disposed between the dry vacuum and the wet vacuum to scrub the surface.

Abstract: Generally, a panel maintenance system including a panel maintenance assembly configured to move over a plurality of panel modules. Specifically, a panel module including a first frame including a first plurality of frame members joined to enclose a first panel. The first plurality of frame members including a first frame inner side configured to capture the first panel within the first frame and a first frame outer side configured to provide a first track axially extending between first and second ends of at least one of the first plurality of frame members. The first track configured to engage a drive element of a panel maintenance assembly which operates to move the panel maintenance assembly over the first panel. The panel maintenance assembly bears one or more components which function to maintain the first panel.

Abstract: Various examples regarding substrate cleaning apparatus and methods, and related apparatus and method are disclosed. According to one embodiment, provided is a substrate cleaning apparatus including: a substrate holding and rotating module; an elongated cleaning member configured to come into contact with the substrate while the substrate is held and rotated by the substrate holding and rotating module; and a first nozzle and a second nozzle, both of which are arranged on an identical side with respect to a longitudinal direction of the cleaning member, wherein the first nozzle is operably adjusted to supply liquid more forcefully than liquid from the second nozzle, and the first nozzle is arranged so that the liquid from the first nozzle is reached to a first area located closer to the first nozzle than the cleaning member in the substrate.