Abstract: Doppler ultrasound systems are valuable diagnostic tool for investigation of vascular blood flow pattern and velocity. Error in blood velocity measurements made by doppler instruments will cause probable misdiagnosis in clinical practice. There are different phantom designs for evaluation of the performance and QC of doppler ultrasonography systems. Among different phantom designs the string phantom because of their ability to precise calculation of target velocity were widely used by different investigators. Generally this type of phantom consists of a moving string with known velocity as a target inside a water tank to mimic blood flow inside the vessels of the body. We designed a new string phantom with three dependently adjustable parameters including target velocity, target angle and target depth.

Abstract: A sensing system including in-ground sensors not requiring battery power. A thermoelectric generator sensor rod includes an upper thermal contact and a lower thermal contact at or near its two ends. When the thermoelectric generator sensor rod is buried in the ground with one end buried more deeply than the other, a temperature gradient in the soil produces a temperature difference between the upper thermal contact and the lower thermal contact. The upper thermal contact and the lower thermal contact are thermally connected to a thermoelectric generator, e.g., by heat pipes or thermally conductive rods. Electrical power generated by the thermoelectric generator powers sensors for monitoring conditions in the ground, and circuitry for transmitting sensor data to a central data processing system.

Abstract: A thermoelectric element includes a thermoelectric member made of thermoelectric materials and having a through hole, a pipe inserted into the through hole for making fluid flow, and a soaking member provided to the side of the thermoelectric element. The pipe and the soaking member respectively also function as an electrode of the thermoelectric member. A surface of the soaking member includes a blackened surface and a mirror surface. A thermoelectric generation system includes a container having a lighting window, the thermoelectric element housed in the container, a fluid feeder for feeding fluid into the pipe, and a power consumption source that consumes electric power generated by the thermoelectric element. The thermoelectric element is housed in the container so that the blackened surface is located under the lighting window.

Abstract: An end-effector assembly includes opposing jaw members movably mounted with respect to one another. At least one of the jaw members includes a temperature-sensing electrically-conductive tissue-contacting plate having a tissue-contacting surface and a bottom surface. A first layer is disposed on one or more portions of the bottom surface of the temperature-sensing electrically-conductive tissue-contacting plate. The first layer includes an electrically-insulative material. One or more openings are formed in the first layer. One or more electrically-conductive traces are formed over the electrically-insulative material and associated with the one or more openings. One or more temperature sensors are coupled to the bottom surface of the temperature-sensing electrically-conductive tissue-contacting plate and associated with the one or more openings. The one or more openings are each configured to receive at least a portion of the one or more temperature sensors therein.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for manufacturing N-type semiconductor element for cooling or heating device, the N-type semiconductor element is made of tellurium, bismuth and selenium material, firstly, smashing and grinding the tellurium, bismuth and selenium material to be 2000 meshes or more; and then, according to the proportion of each material in parts by weight, proportioning the materials to obtain a mixture, the proportion thereof is: 40 to 44 parts of tellurium, 53 to 57 parts of bismuth and 28 to 32 parts of selenium. During operation, the temperature difference between the two ends thereof is larger, and through a test, the temperature difference between the cold end and the hot end reaches about 73° C. to 78° C. Therefore, the N-type semiconductor element has the advantages of high operation efficiency and lower energy consumption. The N-type semiconductor element is particularly suitable for manufacturing a semiconductor cooling or heating device.

Abstract: A vehicle, system, and method of warming the transmission fluid with a thermoelectric generator is also provided. Disclosed is vehicle having an internal combustion engine, a transmission containing a transmission fluid, a coolant circuit configured to remove heat from the engine, and a thermoelectric generator. The thermoelectric generator is in non-contact thermal communication with the hot exhaust gas produced by the engine and the relatively cooler coolant circulating through the coolant circuit. The thermoelectric generator produces a current from the temperature gradient between the exhaust gas relative and coolant and transfers heat from the exhaust gas to the coolant. The heat coolant is conveyed to a transmission heat exchanger to heat the transmission fluid. A heating element is disposed in thermal contact with the transmission fluid and the heating element is powered by the electric current produced by the thermoelectric generator.

Abstract: Thermophysical property measurement apparatus and method that can obtain accurate absolute thermoelectric power and thermal conductivity are provided easily and conveniently. A thermophysical property measurement apparatus 50 is provided which includes a DC-AC voltage generator 100 which selectively applies AC or DC voltages of different polarities to a metal sample 4 to which temperature gradient is provided by connecting the metal sample 4 between metal blocks of temperatures T1 and T2; a thermocouple 5 which measures a temperature change at the center of the metal sample 4 when the AC voltage is applied thereto by the DC-AC voltage generator 100 and a temperature change at the center of the metal sample 4 when the DC voltages of the different polarities are applied; and an operation device 54 which calculates absolute thermoelectric power and thermal conductivity of the metal sample 4 using the two temperature changes measured by the thermocouple 5.

Abstract: A thermoelectric material having a composition of formula (TI)x(Bi0.5 Sb1.5-xTe3-y)1-x, where 0<x?0.4 and 0<y?0.5.

Abstract: Disclosed is a thermoelectric material with excellent thermoelectric performance. The thermoelectric material is expressed by Chemical Formula 1 below: CuxSe1-yQy??<Chemical Formula 1> where Q is at least one element selected from the group consisting of S and Te, 2<x?2.6 and 0<y<1.

Abstract: An article having a continuous network of zinc and a continuous network of void space interpenetrating the zinc network. The zinc network is a fused, monolithic structure. A method of: providing an emulsion having a zinc powder and a liquid phase; drying the emulsion to form a sponge; sintering the sponge to form a sintered sponge; heating the sintered sponge in an oxidizing atmosphere to form an oxidized sponge having zinc oxide on the surface of the oxidized sponge; and electrochemically reducing the zinc oxide to form a zinc metal sponge.

Abstract: Provided is a thermoelectric generating system which may be easily installed in a heat source of a vehicle and which is easy to assemble and disassemble overall by eliminating the necessity to be assembled with a cooling module. The thermoelectric generating system includes a first substrate, a second substrate configured to be slidably engageable in contiguity with a heat source of a vehicle, and a thermoelectric module disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate.

Abstract: A memory module is disclosed. The memory module may have an enclosure and a device disposed within the enclosure. The memory module may also have an orifice in a wall of the enclosure and a wire passing through the orifice. One end of the wire may be attached to the device. The memory module may further have a stopper attached to the wire. The stopper may be located abutting an outer surface of the enclosure. The memory module may also have a filler disposed within the enclosure. The filler may be configured to expand and be ejected out of the orifice when subjected to a threshold temperature. The filler may also be configured to push the stopper away from the outer surface and disconnect the wire from the device.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a thermoelectric material comprising: ball-milling a compound comprising a plurality of components, the first component M comprising at least one of a rare earth metal, an actinide, an alkaline-earth metal, and an alkali metal, the second component T comprising a metal of subgroup VIII, and the third component X comprises a pnictogen atom. The compound may be ball-milled for up to 5 hours, and then thermo-mechanically processed by, for example, hot pressing the compound for less than two hours. Subsequent to the thermo-mechanical processing, the compound comprises a single filled skutterudite phase with a dimensionless figure of merit (ZT) above 1.0 and the compound has a composition following a formula of MT4X12.

Abstract: A semiconductor device package and method for manufacturing the same, includes a semiconductor substrate including a plurality of embedded thermoelectric couples. The embedded thermoelectric couples can be in trenches and extend partially into the substrate from the handle side of the substrate. An n-type pillar and a p-type pillar are electrically connected using a conducting contact plate to form each of the partially embedded thermoelectric couples. A series connection layer electrically connects the plurality of thermoelectric couples on the handle side. A power source provides electrical current to the series connection layer allowing current to flow through the plurality of the series connected thermoelectric couples. A heat sink is positioned adjacent to the connected thermoelectric couples for transferring heat away from the device side to the heat sink using the thermoelectric couples.

Abstract: A temperature-control device for a battery of a motor vehicle may include a temperature-control plate including at least two rows of elements. Each of the at least two rows of elements may include at least two Peltier elements. Each Peltier element may include a first electric supply connection and a second electric supply connection for supplying each Peltier element with electrical energy. A first electric supply path may be disposed on the temperature-control plate and may define at least one of an open surround and a closed surround around the Peltier elements of the at least two rows of elements. At least one second electric supply path may be disposed on the temperature-control plate and may extend along a direction of extent with respect to an extent of the at least two rows of elements.

Abstract: The invention provides a pyranometer with a fast response time, a reduced offset amount, and reduced impacts from harsh outside environment and an enhanced long-term stability, as well as an excellent cosine response. The pyranometer has: a silicon-based thermopile sensor, which is sealed airtight in a CAN package and positioned opposed to the receiving surface of the thermopile sensor; and diffusing member that is positioned so as to be opposed to a receiving surface of the thermopile.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a thermoelectric material comprising providing an initial feedstock of silicon metal particulates, providing an extracting liquid to extract oxidants from the silicon metal particulates, combining the silicon metal particulates and the extracting liquid into a mixture and milling said mixture, withdrawing at least a portion of the milled mixture, within the withdrawn portion of the milled mixture, separating milled silicon metal particulates from the extracting liquid, and mixing the milled silicon metal particulates with a dopant to form a thermoelectric material.

Abstract: A thermoelectric power generation system of the present disclosure includes first and second thermoelectric power generation units. Each of the thermoelectric power generation units includes a plurality of tubular thermoelectric generators. The first and second thermoelectric power generation units are electrically connected to each other such that a first impedance caused by the tubular thermoelectric generator included in the first thermoelectric power generation unit is matched with a second impedance caused by the tubular thermoelectric generator included in the second thermoelectric power generation unit.

Abstract: Provided is a thermoelectric element. The thermoelectric element includes an insulation substrate, a semiconductor layer on the insulation substrate, insulation layers disposed on the semiconductor layer and spaced apart from each other in a first direction parallel with a surface of the insulation substrate, metal thin films disposed on the insulation layers, and metal-semiconductor compound layers between the semiconductor layer and the second parts. Each of the metal thin films includes a first part overlapping the insulation layer and a second part extending from the first part in the first direction or in a direction opposite to the first direction to be connected to the semiconductor layer, and the second parts facing each other in the metal thin films adjacent to each other are spaced apart from each other.

Abstract: A thermoelectric element having high thermal resistance and requiring less semiconductor material than a conventional thermoelectric element with comparable performance comprises a substrate having a substrate front side and a substrate rear side opposite the substrate front side, a first contact, applied as a layer to the substrate front side, a second contact, applied as a layer to the substrate front side, a cut-off between the first and second contact which thermally and electrically separates the first and second contact from one another, and a thermoelectrically active layer having a top side and a bottom side, which are connected to one another by lateral delimiting surfaces, wherein the thermoelectrically active layer is arranged in the cut-off in such a way that the bottom side is on the substrate front side, and one of the lateral delimiting surfaces is against the first contact and one of the lateral delimiting surfaces is against the second contact.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to a method and system for improving the conversion of carbon-containing feed stocks to renewable fuels, and more particularly to a thermal chemical conversion of biomass to renewable fuels and other useful chemical compounds, including gasoline and diesel, via a unique combination of unique processes. More particularly, this combination of processes includes (a) a selective pyrolysis of biomass, which produces volatile hydrocarbons and a biochar; (b) the volatile hydrocarbons are upgraded in a novel catalytic process to renewable fuels, (c) the biochar is gasified at low pressure with recycled residual gases from the catalytic process to produce synthesis gas, (d) the synthesis gas is converted to dimethyl ether in a novel catalytic process, and (e) the dimethyl ether is recycled to the selective pyrolysis process.

Abstract: Thermoelectric devices with interface materials and methods of manufacturing the same are provided. A thermoelectric device can include at least one shunt, at least one thermoelectric element in thermal and electrical communication with the at least one shunt, and at least one interface material between the at least one shunt and the at least one thermoelectric element. The at least one interface material can comprise a plurality of regions comprising a core material with each region separated from one another and surrounded by a shell material. The interface material can be configured to undergo deformation under (i) a normal load between the at least one shunt and the at least one thermoelectric element or (ii) a shear load between the at least one shunt and the at least one thermoelectric element. The deformation can reduce interface stress between the at least one shunt and the at least one thermoelectric element.

Abstract: A thermoelectric conversion element includes a thermoelectric conversion sheet possessing flexibility. The thermoelectric conversion sheet includes a magnetic layer, an electricity-generating layer that is formed on the magnetic layer so as to contact with the magnetic layer and that is formed of a material exhibiting spin orbit coupling, and a first electrode and a second electrode formed on the electricity-generating layer so as to contact with the electricity-generating layer. The first electrode and the second electrode extend in a longitudinal direction of the thermoelectric conversion sheet, and are separated from each other in a first direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: A thermoelectric system which comprises two substrates spaced apart from each other to form a gap and a plurality of electrically-connected semiconductor elements disposed between the substrates in the gap. The thermoelectric system further comprises at least one sensor and a seal which extends between the substrates and encloses the sensor and at least one of the plurality of semiconductor elements. The sensor is disposed between the substrates at an interior location spaced from the peripheral edge of at least one of the substrates. Additionally, at least one of the semiconductor elements is disposed between the sensor and the peripheral edge.

Abstract: A power generation device includes a thermoelectric conversion part; a cooling member configured to be disposed on one principal surface of the thermoelectric conversion part; and a heat generation part configured to be disposed on another principal surface of the thermoelectric conversion part, to be formed of a viscoelastic body having a plurality of cavities formed in the viscoelastic body, and to generate heat by violation.

Abstract: A medical implant apparatus includes or uses an energy transmission device for wireless transmission of energy of a first form from outside a patient's body. An implanted medical device is operable in response to energy of a second form different than the energy of the first form. An implanted energy transforming device transforms energy of the first form wirelessly transmitted by the energy transmission device into energy of the second form for use in the control and operation of the medical device.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of manufacturing a nanofiber-based thermoelectric generator module, the method comprising: an electrode formation step of forming a plurality of electrodes and a plurality of second electrodes so as to be spaced apart from and opposite to each other in an alternately staggered arrangement relative to each other; a first nanofiber arrangement step of arranging a first nonofiber including an n-type or p-type semiconductor; and a second nanofiber arrangement step of arranging a second nonofiber including a semiconductor of a type different from the type of the semiconductor forming the first nanofiber, a nanofiber-based thermoelectric generator module manufactured by the method, and an electrospinning apparatus of manufacturing nanofibers for the nanofiber-based thermoelectric generator module.

Abstract: In accordance with one embodiment, there is provided a thermoelectric-based air conditioning system. The system includes at least a first supply air channel and a separate second supply air channel disposed in a housing. The system also includes a first thermoelectric cooler (TEC) assembly forming at least a portion of the first supply air channel and configured to independently condition air within the first supply air channel. The system further includes a second TEC assembly forming at least a portion of the second supply air channel and configured to independently condition air within the second supply air channel. The system includes a single heat exchanger configured to transfer heat with both the first TEC assembly and the second TEC assembly.

Abstract: In accordance with one embodiment, a solid-state battery system includes a first anode, a first cathode, a first solid-state electrolyte layer positioned between the first anode and the first cathode, a housing enclosing the first anode, the first cathode, and the first solid-state electrolyte layer, and at least one thermal control wire positioned within the housing and configured to modify a temperature within the housing.

Abstract: An apparatus, a method, and a computer program product are provided. The apparatus may be an electronic component. The electronic component includes at least one energy harvester coupled between at least one pair of hot and cold regions of the electronic component and configured to convert thermal energy to electrical energy in order to provide power to at least the electronic component, the at least one energy harvester including a radiative thermal channel or a conductive thermal channel. A first end of the conductive thermal channel is coupled to a first semiconductor material and a second end of the conductive thermal channel is coupled to a second semiconductor material, the first semiconductor material being coupled to the hot region and isolated from the cold region and the second semiconductor material being coupled to the cold region and isolated from the hot region.

Abstract: Disclosed are a nanowire bundle array performing optical haze control for enhancing optical characteristics of optoelectronic device systems and optical systems, an ultrahigh-performance broadband optical film, and a method of manufacturing the same.

Abstract: An icemaker is mounted remotely from a freezer compartment. The icemaker includes an ice mold. A thermoelectric device is provided and includes a warm side and an opposite cold side. A flow pathway is connected in communication between the cold side of the thermoelectric device and the icemaker. In one aspect, a fan is operatively positioned to move air from the fresh food compartment across the warm side of the thermoelectric device and a pump moves fluid from the cold side of the thermoelectric device to the icemaker. Cold air, such as from a refrigerator compartment, may be used to dissipate heat from the warm side of the thermoelectric device for providing cold fluid to and for cooling the ice mold of the icemaker.

Abstract: Provided is a thermoelectric module capable of preventing the leakage of a current generated from a connection portion upon connecting a thermoelectric semiconductor element to an electrode by forming an insulating layer having a low heat conductivity on an external surface of the thermoelectric semiconductor element and improving performance of the thermoelectric element by controlling a heat transfer phenomenon from a heating part to a cooling part.

Abstract: A method, system, and apparatus for the thermoelectric conversion of nuclear reactor generated heat including thermoelectrically converting gas cooled nuclear reactor generated heat to electrical energy and supplying the electrical energy to an operation system of the nuclear reactor system.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention include a method for manufacturing, and a structure for a thin film solar module. The method of manufacturing includes fabricating a thin film solar cell and fabricating an electronic conversion unit (ECU) on a single substrate. The thin film solar cell has at least one solar cell diode on a substrate. The ECU has at least one transistor on the substrate. The ECU may further comprise a capacitor and an inductor. The ECU is integrated on the substrate monolithically and electrically connected with the thin film solar cell. The ECU and the thin film solar cell interconnect to form a circuit on the substrate. The ECU is electrically connected to a microcontroller on the solar cell module.

Abstract: Provided is a thermoelectric module apparatus including: a pipe-shaped housing having a hole that is longitudinally formed; a thermoelectric module coupled to the housing; and heat sinks combined with the thermoelectric module, in which the pipe-shaped housing has a plurality of mount holes having predetermined width and length, longitudinally extending, and arranged circumferentially in parallel with each other, the thermoelectric module has a plurality of thermoelectric plates having predetermined width, length, and thickness, the housing is connected to first sides in the width direction of the thermoelectric plates, the thermoelectric plates are disposed in the mount holes respectively with a portion in the width direction inserted and exposed inside the hole as much as a predetermined width and a portion in the width direction protruding and exposed outside the housing as much as a predetermined width, and the heat sinks are connected to the portions exposed outside the housing.

Abstract: The invention concerns a thermoelectric module with multiple thermoelectric elements, which are arranged spaced apart from one another, two thermoelectric elements being respectively electrically connected by means of a conductor bridge, an electrical insulation being arranged at least in certain portions on a side of the conductor bridge that is facing away from the thermoelectric element and/or on a side of the conductor bridge that is facing the thermoelectric element, the electrical insulation being arranged on the surface of the conductor bridge, the electrical insulation and the conductor bridge being thermomechanically decoupled.

Abstract: A system and method for power delivery through a barrier may include a source for directing thermal energy through a first side of a barrier of sufficient intensity to raise the temperature of at least a region of the barrier and propagate therethrough to a second side thereof, and a thermoelectric generator positioned adjacent the second side of the barrier proximate the region to receive the thermal energy from the source and convert the thermal energy into electricity. A method for delivering power through a barrier may include directing thermal energy upon a first side of a barrier, the thermal energy being of sufficient intensity to raise a temperature of at least a region of the barrier and propagate therethrough to a second side thereof, receiving the thermal energy from the source through the barrier adjacent the second side, and converting the thermal energy to electricity adjacent the second side.

Abstract: [Object] Provided is a thermoelectric power generating device that is able to decrease thermal distortion of thermoelectric conversion modules and to upsize the thermoelectric conversion modules, thereby making it possible to simplify a manufacturing operation and to decrease a manufacturing cost.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a thermoelectric module comprises forming a first wax model in which the first thermoelectric elements are arranged in a predetermined pattern, forming a first mold from the first wax model, casting a group of the first thermoelectric elements by pouring molten metal of a first thermoelectric material into the first mold to solidify the molten metal, forming a second wax model that represents arrangement of second thermoelectric elements to form the thermoelectric module by being connected with the first thermoelectric elements, forming a second mold from the second wax model, casting the group of the second thermoelectric elements by pouring molten metal of a second thermoelectric material into the second mold to solidify the molten metal, and connecting the group of the first thermoelectric elements with the group of the second thermoelectric elements electrically in series.

Abstract: The invention relates to a thermoelectric device, comprising pipes (8), called hot pipes, through which a first fluid can flow, and elements (3p, 3n), called thermoelectric elements, that can be used to generate an electric current in the presence of a temperature gradient. According to the invention, it comprises fins (5p, 5n) that can be configured in a heat exchange relationship with pipes (9), called cold pipes, through which a second fluid can flow at a temperature lower than that of the first fluid, and in that the thermoelectric elements (3p, 3n) are in contact, on the one hand, with the hot pipes (8) and, on the other hand, with the fins (5p, 5n), such that said thermoelectric elements (3p, 3n) generate said current.

Abstract: Thermoelectric conversion materials, expressed by the following formula: Bi1-xMxCu1-wOa-yQ1yTeb-zQ2z. Here, M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr, Ca, Mg, Cs, K, Na, Cd, Hg, Sn, Pb, Mn, Ga, In, Tl, As and Sb; Q1 and Q2 are at least one element selected from the group consisting of S, Se, As and Sb; x, y, z, w, a, and b are 0?x<1, 0<w<1, 0.2<a<4, 0?y<4, 0.2<b<4, 0?z<4 and x+y+z>0. These thermoelectric conversion materials may be used for thermoelectric conversion elements, where they may replace thermoelectric conversion materials in common use, or be used along with thermoelectric conversion materials in common use.

Abstract: [Object] To increase the degree of freedom in designing a system for taking out power from a temperature gradient in terms of a thermoelectric conversion element or a thermoelectric conversion device. [Means for Achieving Object] A thermal spin-wave spin current generating member made of a magneto-dielectric body is provided with an inverse spin Hall effect member, a temperature gradient is provided in the above-described thermal spin-wave spin current generating member in the direction of the thickness, and at the same time a magnetic field is applied to the above-described inverse spin Hall effect member in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction and perpendicular to the direction of the above-described temperature gradient by means of a magnetic field applying means so that a thermal spin-wave spin current is converted to a voltage which is taken out in the above-described inverse spin Hall effect member.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for thermal-to-electric conversion involving relatively hot and cold juxtaposed surfaces separated by a small vacuum gap wherein the cold surface provides an array of single charge carrier converter elements along the surface and the hot surface transfers excitation energy to the opposing cold surface across the gap through Coulomb electrostatic coupling interaction.

Abstract: The disclosed relates to a thermoelectric device for generating electrical currents exploiting the Seebeck effect, more specifically a structural thermoelectric device which can replace a structural component of a body. The structural thermoelectric device can include a first conductor layer, a second conductor layer and located therebetween a polymer thermocouple layer having a reinforcement formed from a structural support, wherein the internal surface of the support includes at least one layer of at least one conducting polymer. The reinforcement can be is porous material with a plurality of voids, wherein the internal surfaces of the voids are coated with a conducting polymer, which is capable of providing the Peltier effect.

Abstract: An integrated circuit may include a substrate and a dielectric layer formed over the substrate. A plurality of p-type thermoelectric elements and a plurality of n-type thermoelectric elements may be disposed within the dielectric layer. The p-type thermoelectric elements and the n-type thermoelectric elements may be connected in series while alternating between the p-type and the n-type thermoelectric elements.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a thermoelectric conversion element and a method for manufacturing the same and relates to suppression of breakage and deterioration of the thermoelectric conversion element due to partial pressurization from the vertical direction. This thermoelectric conversion element has: at least one n-type semiconductor body; at least one p-type semiconductor body; a first connecting electrode; a first out-put electrode for n-side output; and a second output electrode for p-side output, wherein areas of respective joint sections of the n-type semiconductor body with the first connecting electrode, the first output electrode, and the second output electrode and of the p-type semiconductor body with the first connecting electrode, the first output electrode, and the second output electrode are greater than respective cross-sectional areas in other positions, in an axial direction, of the n-type semiconductor body and the p-type semiconductor body.

Abstract: Phononic structures, devices related to phononic structures, and methods related to fabrication of the phononic structures are described. The phononic structure can include a sheet of material, where the sheet of material can include a plurality of regions. Adjacent regions in the sheet of material can have dissimilar phononic patterns.

Abstract: A thermally driven power generator having a base and a heat source placed within the base. The thermally driven power generator further having a heat collector is adapted to collect the heat from the heat source through a plurality of fins and a heat sink adapted to release heat into the environment. The thermally driven power generator further having a thermal electric power generation module is sandwiched between the heat collector and a heat sink; the thermal electric power generation module is designed to convert heat collected by the heat collector to electrical power. A tray assembly for a thermally driven power generator, the tray assembly having: a transport tray; and a magnetic element integrated with the transport tray, the magnetic element designed to attract a wick keeper of a candle such that the wick is held in place.

Abstract: A thermoelectric generation method using a thermoelectric generator includes: placing a thermoelectric generator in a temperature-changing atmosphere; drawing to outside a current that is generated due to a temperature difference between first and second support members when the temperature of the second support member is higher than that of the first support member, and that flows from a second thermoelectric conversion member to a first thermoelectric conversion member, using first and second output sections as a positive terminal and a negative terminal, respectively; and drawing to outside a current that is generated due to a temperature difference between the first and second support members when the temperature of the first support member is higher than that of the second support member, and that flows from a fourth thermoelectric conversion member to a third thermoelectric conversion member, using third and fourth output sections as a positive terminal and a negative terminal, respectively.