Abstract: A dual temperature sensing device has a twin well thermowell, for installation through a penetration in a pipe wall, and which has head, shank and tip portions. The shank portion has a first part of substantially the same outer dimensions as the penetration and the head portion is of greater outer dimensions so as to define an annular ledge which overlies the exterior surface of the pipe wall, for welding same thereto. The first part of the shank portion is of greater axial length than the pipe wall thickness and a second part thereof is tapered and elongated, for disposing the tip portion within the interior of the pipe. A pair of bores extend from the outer surface of the head portion at angularly inclined and converging relationship to closely spaced, but physically separated, positions in the tip portion. The head is counter-bored relative to the first bores, to define sockets for receiving the lower ends of pipe nipples, the upper ends of which are closed by pipe unions.

Abstract: Thermocouple apparatus is disclosed, utilizing interlocked loops of dissimilar wire. Base means, spring mounted, are provided for tensioning the loops whereby their point of interlock, in compression, forms a non-metallurgically bonded thermocouple junction. The end of each loop opposite its interlocked end is electrically connected by similar-metal means to a meter unit.

Abstract: A thermocouple element (10) for use in high-pressure, high temperature fluid applications having a cylindrical body portion (12) formed from a first metal and a cap (14) formed from a dissimilar metal. The cap is fused to the body such that the junction (18) forms an axial thermocouple junction. A plurality of grooves (13, 20) is formed in the cap and body to reduce the mass of material adjacent the junction for rapid conduction heat transfer from the fluid being monitored.

Abstract: A clinical thermometer probe is constructed for connection with an electronic readout device and includes a support member of thin wall construction having thermocouple wires or stripes extending longitudinally of the support member and joined at the distal end of the support member. The wires or stripes are applied to the support member during the process of extruding the member or thereafter by applying the stripes to surfaces of the support member and bridging the stripes at one end of the body.

Abstract: A thermopile detector means for a temperature measuring instrument physically and electrically configured to supply an output signal which indicates target temperature substantially independent of the influence of ambient temperature changes. The detector means includes a first thermopile device exposed to radiation from the target and a transducer means, preferably a second thermopile device, shielded from the target and connected in series opposition to the first.

Abstract: A thermocouple system has been nicknamed the "Binocular" thermocouple assembly because the terminal housing has a configuration similar to a pair of binoculars, with the chromel and alumel terminals mounted in spaced circular openings in the terminal housing. A thermocouple probe extends outwardly from the terminal housing, and is provided with two peripheral grooves, into one of which the terminal housing is secured by swaging. The second groove in the thermocouple probe is spaced away from the terminal housing by a short distance along the probe, and a washer is securely swaged into this second groove. A nut having external threads is mounted between the terminal housing and the washer for securing the thermocouple probe to its sensing location, for example, mounted adjacent a turbine engine.

Abstract: The temperature sensor has a sheath with a closed end within a structure traversed by the primary coolant of high pressurized water reactor and frustoconically tapered at this end to close fittingly engage the frustoconical tip of the sensor. The latter can be of the platinum wire type whose resistance measurement represents the temperature.

Abstract: A durable protective tube for a thermocouple having an extended serviceable life is obtained by covering a tubular preform of ceramic material with a refractory coating. The refractory coating is an alternate arrangement of one or more fine refractory layers of fine particulate refractory material having a particle size of 150 mesh to 500 mesh and one or more coarse refractory layers of coarse particulate refractory material having a particle size of 0.1 mm to 2.0 mm. The refractory coating is prepared by alternately applying a slurry of fine refractory particulates in a colloidal silica or ethyl silicate hydrolyzate binder and then coarse refractory particulates on the outer surface of the tubular preform followed by optional sintering.

Abstract: A thermocouple containment chamber for use in conjunction with a high pressure vessel wherein such thermocouples are emplaced within an elongated conduit which receives a plurality of thermocouples for sensing temperatures to determine the temperature or reaction rate within the high pressure vessel in which they are emplaced. The conduit is secured to the vessel through the use of a flanged securement that in turn is welded to a concentric reducer with the thermocouples extending therefrom into a containment chamber of this invention. The containment chamber of this invention incorporates at least one access means in the form of a high pressure flanged cover permitting access to the containment chamber for the thermocouples so that they can be changed and serviced, and incorporates a valve for relieving pressure, as well as a pressure gauge.

Abstract: A thermoelectric generating composite functioning apparatus used as a glow plug in a diesel engine has sintered semiconductor elements respectively formed in the shape of a bar of N-type and P-type thermoelectric semiconductor materials. The N-type and P-type semiconductor elements are provided oppositely with a gap between them, and their end portions are put in mutual contact to form a P-N junction. A low thermal conductivity insulator is filled in the interval between the N-type and the P-type semiconductor elements. The N-type and P-type semiconductor elements provided in the P-N junction state are contained through the insulator in a housing. Lead terminals connected to the N-type and P-type semiconductor elements are formed in the housing. The apparatus may provide heat to the combustion chamber, or generate electricity from the heat in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A cold junction compensation bridge for a thermocouple circuit includes a temperature compensation resistor encased in a heat conductive material and is directly connected to the same terminal block or strip to which the thermocouple leads are attached. The compensation resistor is in the same chamber of a housing as the cold junction of the thermocouple so it is subjected to the same temperature as the thermocouple junction. This is of particular importance in two wire current transmitters wherein the housings are multi compartment, with the electronics in one compartment (that may be sealed and not normally opened) and the terminal blocks for connecting the thermocouple and the like, as well as the calibrating screws, in a separate compartment. In such arrangements the thermocouple cold junction can be at a different temperature than the rest of the electronics.

Abstract: A thermal sensor, in particular for a chemical reactor comprises an enamelled cylindrical shell having at its inner end a thin base and an inner sleeve welded to the base of the shell. A temperature measuring head comprising at least one thermal sensing element in a compression resistant insulating mass of low thermal inertia in a casing is pressed against the base of the shell by a compression spring acting between the temperature measuring head and a connector coupled to the inner sleeve of the shell by a bayonet point. Lead wires from the temperature measuring head extend out through a tubular stem having at its inner end a socket connected with the connector by a second bayonet joint. A guide sleeve has an inner end surrounding the inner sleeve of the shell and a reduced diameter outer end receiving the tubular stem. The bayonet joints provide for easy removal and replacement of the temperature measuring head.

Abstract: A thermoelectric converter includes a heat source having a mating face and a heat sink also having a mating face. The converter also includes a thermoelectric conversion module positioned between these faces. The module includes an electrically insulative holder having a first side positioned adjacent the heat source and a second side disposed adjacent the heat sink. The holder includes spaced parallel first walls and spaced parallel second walls extending normal to the first wall so that these first and second walls define an array of compartments with each compartment containing a thermoelectric element. The module further includes a compressed resilient, thermally conductive pad positioned in each compartment.

Abstract: A temperature controller comprises a temperature controller body having a positioning hollow raised portion and a plurality of pins, and a socket having a positioning recessed portion corresponding to the raised portion, a plurality of connection terminals for external wiring and pin holes corresponding to the plurality of pins. The socket is formed with a communication hole to face only receptacle members connected to thermocouple connecting external terminal, among receptacle members embedded in the pin holes, to the recessed portion. The raised portion of the temperature controller body houses therein a temperature sensitive element for compensating the temperature of the thermocouple and is formed with a communicating hole in communication with the recessed portion.

Abstract: In the preferred and illustrated embodiment, multiple fixtures are set forth which function as support structures for thermal fluxmeters. A fluxmeter wafer or pad having top and lower faces and forming an output signal by means of thermopiles connected to both faces is used. It is supported by first and second alternate forms of fixtures. A force is applied to the fluxmeter wafer which is approximately normalized in both fixtures. This establishes a stabilized contact force against a surface to measure heat loss through the surface. This avoids variations in surface contact.

Abstract: An electronic medical thermometer employs disposable thermocouple probe strips to produce substantially instantaneous readings. The disposability of the entire probe strips eliminates the danger of patient-patient or patient-practitioner cross-infection. The probe strips can be formed as individual strips or as a roll. Each strip has a substrate, thermocouples on the substrate, and a cover layer. The tip of the probe strip is uncovered so that the thermocouple junction is exposed. A feed device advances the next probe strip into place for a temperature measurement. Circuiting for this includes a cold junction compensation circuit, followed by an A/D converter, and a digital display.

Abstract: The present invention includes a pair of cantilevered probes. A first fastening means is fastened to a first of the probes and is loosely journaled about the second probe. A second fastening means is fastened to the second probe and is loosely journaled about the first probe. The invention provides improved resistance to the harmful effects of vibration.

Abstract: A thermocouple, for measuring the temperature of flat strip moving horizontally through a furnace, extends vertically into the furnace and can move vertically within a fixed guide assembly. The ceramic insulated thermocouple element, inside an outer thermocouple member, can move within the outer thermocouple member, in response to the urging of a spring, and has a contact pad composed of a metal with a melting point such that a layer of molten metal forms on the contact pad from frictional heat from the moving strip. In a second embodiment, for measuring vertically moving strip, with the thermocouple assembly horizontally positioned, the thermocouple assembly includes a second spring to urge the thermocouple assembly horizontally into the furnace against the moving strip.

Abstract: An improved two-point temperature probe is provided comprising a housing, a pair of bores within the housing to each respectively receive a thermocouple element, an end cap on the device covering the bores and having openings therein whereby a portion of the thermocouple elements may pass therethrough, collar means on the thermocouple elements cooperating with the end cap to retain the elements within the device, and bias means within the bores to yieldably bias the collars on the thermocouple elements against the end cap on the device, the device being further provided with means to prevent rotation of the thermocouple elements within the bores, and detachable tips on the thermocouple elements whereby the tip may be removed from the remainder of the thermocouple element and replaced when necessary due to wear or other type of damage without the necessity of replacing the entire thermocouple element.

Abstract: A heat sensitive cable operable over a temperature range of between approximately -20.degree. F. and 1650.degree. F. The cable includes a tubular metallic sheath which is substantially temperature resistant and moisture impervious. It also includes a mass of compacted insulation material filling the sheath and having an insulation resistance variable with temperature in the range of between approximately 100 and 50,000 ohms. The cable further includes at least one thermoelectric conductor positioned within the insulation material filling the sheath. A method of manufacturing the cable includes the step of preparing the insulation material and advancing the thermoelectric conductor through a given region. It also includes the step of advancing a strip of flat metal material past apparatus for forming and welding a tubular sheath surrounding the given region.

Abstract: A temperature probe has a metal casing, closed at one end and open at its other, in which a temperature sensor is buried in compacted hygroscopic mineral insulation having an exposed end face through which extend wires from the sensor. Such end face is sealed to keep it dry by a metal tube having one end surrounding and brazed to the metal casing, and plugged at its other end by a body of compressed sealant material. Lead wires extend through the sealant body and are electrically joined in a space provided between the exposed end face of mineral insulation and the opposing inner end face of the sealant plug.

Abstract: A thermocouple arrangement is provided for mounting in a blind hole of a specimen. The thermocouple arrangement includes a cup-like holder member, which receives an elongated thermal insulator, one end of which is seated at an end wall of the holder. A pair of thermocouple wires, threaded through passageways in the insulator, extend beyond the insulator member, terminating in free ends which are joined together in a spherical weld bead. A spring, held captive within the holder, applies a bias force to the weld bead, through the insulator member. The outside surface of the holder is threaded for engagement with the blind hole of the specimen. When the thermocouple is installed in the specimen, the spherical contact surface of the weld bead is held in contact with the end wall of the blind hole, with a predetermined bias force.

Abstract: An improved temperature sensing structure (40) for use in a glass bending furnace (10) is made of the following. A thermocouple element (42) is provided which has a pair of thermocouple leads (44) and (46) terminating in a junction (48) which defines a planar loop portion of the thermocouple element. Mounting structure (50) is provided for mounting the pair of thermocouple leads with the planar loop portion thereof projecting outwardly from a free end. A protection tube has an elongated portion (54) in surrounding relationship to the mounting structure which mounts the pair of thermocouple leads and a free end portion (56) which in part surrounds a significant portion of the planar loop portion of the thermocouple element. The surrounding part of the free end portion of the protection tube is positioned so that the planar loop portion of the thermocouple element lies in a plane in facing relationship to an unsurrounding part of the free end portion of the protection tube.

Abstract: To test the soldering temperature on the upper surface of an electronic circuit ceramic substrate (16) that is conveyed on a moving belt (12) over a plurality of heater platens (10), a thermocouple (20) is yieldably pressed to the upper surface of the substrate by a pressing mechanism (22). The pressing mechanism (22) comprises two flat springs (54 and 56) that press an insulator (52) down onto the thermocouple (b 20). The flat springs (54 and 56) are in turn pressed toward the upper surface of the substrate (16) by a coil spring (62) which pushes down onto a pressure plate (60). The pre-load of the coil spring (62) is manually adjusted by a nut (64) that has a groove (66) around which the wire (24) of the thermocouple (20) is wrapped for strain relief, as the wire extends to a digital readout device (26) that rides on the belt (12) along with the substrate ( 16).

Abstract: A thermowell apparatus for sensing temperatures in the fluid flow in a petrochemical furnace including a housing externally welded to a pipe or fitting and adapted to enclose a removable tip member of high alloy material and a removable thermocouple.

Abstract: An anti-vibration support for the unsupported tip of a thermocouple probe consists of a resilient, compressible, multi-sided sleeve. The sleeve is positioned between the outer surface of the probe and the inner wall of the protective housing. The sides of the resilient sleeve are deformed on insertion between the probe and the wall forcing the edges formed by the intersection of the sides of sleeve firmly into contact with the wall. This multi-point or multi-line contact between the sleeve and the wall firmly secures the tip end of the probe against vibration.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for fabricating a thermoelectric device includes forming a matrix board (12) with an array of orifices (100) formed therein. A plurality of P-type thermoelements (96) are formed and then a vacuum chuck (92) is utilized to dispose alternating ones of the elements (96) into the alternating ones of the orifices (100). A plurality of N-type elements (108) is formed and a vacuum chuck (104) is utilized to dispose alternating ones of the elements (108) into the remaining orifices (100) of the matrix (12). This forms an assembled array (52). A plurality of conductive tabs (114) is placed onto the P-type elements (98) and N-type elements (108) by a vacuum chuck (116). A second set of conductive tabs (120) is disposed on the opposite side of the assembled array by a vacuum chuck (124). A solder flow oven (54) and a solder flow oven (76) are utilized to reflow the solder on the tabs between the two operations.

Abstract: A mounting arrangement for a condition sensing probe and method of making the same are provided, the probe being disposed in an opening of a wall of an apparatus and having opposed ends one of which is disposed beyond the interior side of the wall and the other of which extends beyond the exterior side of the wall. A bracket is secured to the wall and has an interconnecting part operatively interconnected to an interconnecting part of the probe whereby the bracket holds the probe in a fixed axial position in the opening of the wall. The interconnecting part of the probe comprises a slot in the probe and the interconnecting part of the bracket comprises an abutment disposed in the slot to provide the sole interconnection between the bracket and the probe.

Abstract: A heat sensitive cable operable over a temperature range of between approximately -20.degree. F. and 1650.degree. F. The cable includes a tubular metallic sheath which is substantially temperature resistant and moisture impervious. It also includes a mass of compacted insulation material filling the sheath and having an insulation resistance variable with temperature in the range of between approximately 100 and 50,000 ohms. The cable further includes at least one thermoelectric conductor positioned within the insulation material filling the sheath. A method of manufacturing the cable includes the step of preparing the insulation material and advancing the thermoelectric conductor through a given region. It also includes the step of advancing a strip of flat metal material past apparatus for forming and welding a tubular sheath surrounding the given region.

Abstract: A thermocouple instrument which includes a thermocouple element formed of two dissimilar conductors joined at the ends thereof; an inner protecting metal tube for containing said thermocouple element together with an insulating material and electrically insulated from said thermocouple element via the insulating material; and an outer protecting metal tube in which said inner protecting metal tube is inserted. In this thermocouple instrument, the thermal expansion coefficient of the metal forming said inner protecting metal tube is equal to or higher than the thermal expansion coefficient of the metal forming said outer protecting tube, and accordingly the inner protecting metal tube is rigidly engaged within the outer protecting metal tube with excellent vibration resistance and impact resistance.

Abstract: A flexible coaxial thermocouple wire comprising an insulated inner thermoelement and a braided outer thermoelement surrounding the insulation covering the inner thermoelement. The braided outer thermoelement, in addition to forming one conductor of a thermocouple pair, also serves to protect and contain the insulation. Also encompassed is the formation of a thermojunction at one end of the coaxial thermocouple wire and connection of a termination to the other end.

Abstract: The response time of a thermocouple is improved by offsetting the outlet aspiration opening or openings in the thermocouple protective housing from the gas flow axis and the inlet opening. The outlet aspiration opening is located substantially at the gas separation point which is a point of minimum gas pressure. The degree of offset is thus chosen to maximize the pressure differential, .DELTA.P, between the inlet and the outlet openings. This increases the gas flow rate through the housing and past the thermocouple junction thereby substantially improving the thermocouple response time.

Abstract: The lower end of a hollow thermocouple well is removed and replaced by an end cap of a different thermocouple material than the well so that the junction between the end cap and the end portion of the well defines a radially activated thermocouple junction. A wire of the same material as the end cap is affixed to the end cap and electrical connections are made to the wire and to the well to provide a thermocouple output signal indicative of temperature measurement. In another embodiment two end caps are utilized at the end of the thermocouple well with the two end caps being of two dissimilar thermocouple elements and which have the necessary electrical connections made thereof to provide a thermocouple output signal.

Abstract: A pair of resilient side-by-side elongated coils of different thermocouple material are mounted in a ceramic housing and project forwardly with their forward ends connected to form a thermocouple junction that is adapted to be pressed against a surface of which temperature is to be measured. A retractable protective sleeve is spring-urged to a forward position in which it extends beyond the end of the thermocouple housing and is retractable, when the probe is pressed against the surface, to a limit position in which the end of the ceramic thermocouple housing is maintained just clear of the surface, while the resilience of the thermocouple coils enables good contact of the junction and the surface.

Abstract: A thermocouple assembly wherein the transition fitting has a separable nose piece which may be brazed to the probe casing before the transition fitting is coupled thereto, thus avoiding the previous occuring spread of brazing heat through the body of the fitting such as might damage contained wires and their soldered connections.

Abstract: A thermocouple made of the silicon carbide and carbon. A carbon rod extends within a silicon carbide tube. The tube is closed at one end, and one end of the rod is fixed in a blind hole in the tube end to define the hot junction of the thermocouple, the hot junction thereby being located within the tube. An electrical insulator sealing ring closes off the opposite end of the tube. The tube is made by sintering a preform, the rod being within the tube, with one end in the blind hole, during sintering, so that the hole wall shrinks around the rod end.

Abstract: An improved heat sensing tip for a temperature sensing device is provided. The tip comprises an elongated shell of heat conductive material. A temperature probe is positioned for movement within the shell toward and away from an opening in the shell. A cap of heat conductive material is positioned at the front of the probe. A spring urges the cap in contact with the shell for heat conductivity between the two when the device is not in operation. When the device is in operation, the spring bias is overcome thereby providing an insulating air gap between the shell and the tip.

Abstract: A fast response thermocouple probe is formed from two strips of different resilient thermocouple metals. The strips each have a bowed portion with the bowed portions overlapping and crossing each other at a spot welded junction point. The ends of each strip are connected together and engage a body member so that the bowed portions are spaced from the body. The strips are bent to form leaf springs thereby allowing for a resilient junction.

Abstract: Exhaust gases produced by combustion of fuel are monitored by a sensing probe. An indicating device responsive to signals from the sensing probe provides a readout of a condition sensed by the probe. At least one signaling device responsive to signals from the sensing probe provides a warning signal when the sensed condition is a predetermined value. An interrupting device responsive to signals from the sensing probe interrupts the combustion of fuel when the sensed condition is above the predetermined value.

Abstract: A device for measuring in situ the temperature of an annular elastomeric seal is provided which comprises, in a preferred embodiment thereof, an annular elastomeric seal formed of two annular halves, a thermocouple embedded in said seal near the interface of said annular halves, a sleeve having one end molded to one of said halves for supporting and protecting the thermocouple leads and for conducting said leads external of the housing or fixture incorporating said seal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pyrometric rod for measuring the temperatures of molten glass.The rod according to the invention comprises a rod containing at least a thermocouple, this rod being provided with a short tip of metal or metal alloy, the tip being surmounted by a brace of refractory material.The pyrometric rod is applied to measuring temperatures of molten glass in a glass bath or in a channel.

Abstract: A thermal sensor for detecting temperature distribution in a deposit layer on the refractory walls of a blast furnace or the like, including a temperature probe assembly having temperature sensing areas at different points along the length thereof, an outer protective casing for accommodating the probe assembly, a number of annular fin members fitted on the temperature sensing areas of the probe assembly and secured to the outer protective casing, and an insulating material filled between the outer protective casing and the probe assembly for thermally insulating the fine members from each other.

Abstract: A gamma sensor is supported coaxially in a bore, extending through the core of a nuclear reactor, by centering means which span the annular space between the gamma sensor and the bore. Said centering means also acts as a thermal bridge so that the portion of the gamma sensor contacted by the centering means will assume a thermal temperature close to that of the bore. Since poor thermal contact between the gamma sensor and the bore is thereby avoided, the accuracy of sensor readings is improved.

Abstract: A multipoint thermocouple assembly for monitoring temperatures at various locations in a utilization environment includes an elongate thermocouple support strap insertable lengthwise into a protective hollow well or the like. Mounted on the support strap are a plurality of thermocouples which are generally held against longitudinal movement relative to the support strap but the respective measuring junctions thereof are supported by respective camming members connected to a common cable for simultaneous longitudinal movement of the camming members relative to the support strap for urging the measuring junctions outwardly into thermally conductive engagement with respective wall portions of the well. The support strap and actuation cable are laterally flexible so that the assembly may be coiled for ease in fabrication, installation and shipping.

Abstract: A thermocouple cable reinforced with high strength, low creep fatigue resistant aramid fibers. The aramid fibers are pultruded over a central core of thermocouple wires. A water impervious, abrasion resistant, strippable cover is extruded over the fibers and wires to hold them firmly in place.

Abstract: A multipoint thermocouple assembly for monitoring temperatures at various locations, for example, at different depths in a process vessel, includes a plurality of thermocouples, a protective tube well having a hollow interior, elongate guides in the protective well for guiding respective thermocouples along the interior of the protective well, and wedges in the guides at respective axial locations along the protective well for urging the measuring junctions of respective thermocouples into thermal transfer contact with the wall of the well. In one form of the invention, the guides may comprise plural channels on the exterior surface of an elongated support member, formed as by attaching fins or dividers to such exterior surface, or by providing a plurality of splines on such exterior surface. In another form of the invention, a plurality of elongated thin walled guide tubes are brazed or welded to the exterior surface of a plurality of longitudinally spaced support rings.

Abstract: A device for pressure sealing a reactor or thermowell extending therein comprising a disc having individual tubes welded thereto and sheathed thermocouples passing through such tubes and brazed thereto.

Abstract: A microthermocouple member which comprises two wires of dissimilar materials joined together into a thermocouple junction, the wires having diameters of no more than about 75 microns. The wires and junction are carried by an elongated, thin support member, particularly surgical suture material, which is thin enough to be capable of insertion into living tissue without serious disruption of the local circulation. The support member preferably extends beyond the junction and wires, to permit grasping of the extending support member in a forward-slanted slot of a front-pointed stylet.

Abstract: A device for continually sensing the temperature of an advancing glass ribbon has a thermocouple temperature sensing junction mounted within the area circumscribed by a pair of rotating wheels and spaced from the periphery of the wheels. The wheels engage the ribbon and are rotated thereby as the temperature sensing junction remains in a fixed position in a plane containing the rotating axis of the wheels and normal to the glass surface to continually sense the temperature of the advancing ribbon.

Abstract: A thermowell apparatus for sensing temperature and supporting piping in a cracker furnace including a support member of 800H alloy material with a heavy construction for disposal in a high temperature furnace and a tip member arranged for welding to a pipe.