Abstract: A solution dispensing proportioner utilizing a varyingly pressurized solvent and a solute having a vagrant negative gauge pressure and a tracer that is detectable in proportion to its concentration. The proportioner aspirates the solute and tracer through a conduit, which may have metering flow valves ahead of the confluence in one embodiment, and then for progressive check of the proportion of the solution after confluence by comparing the light transmissivity of the inflowing solute and the outflowing solution, respectively. The viewing is through windows in close proximity to each other where the relative depths of the flowing streams of solute and solution, as viewed, are substantially inversely proportional to the desired percentage of solute in the solution as corrected for a null point traverse by adjusting the solute valve to provide the ratio desired for the solute and solvent in the final solution. The tracer supply is variable to optimize the null point appraisal.

Abstract: A recycle system for polymerization of monomers to produce polymers of wide-molecular weight distribution comprising two reactors and two conduit lines disposed between said two reactors for forming a cyclic path, and means disposed in said lines for conveying the contents of one of said reactors to the other without affecting the polymerization conditions in each of said reactors which conditions may be different.

Abstract: An industrial fuel blender having a vaporizer chamber adapted to be partially filled with a liquid fuel additive, heater means for heating liquid fuel additive in the vaporizer chamber, and a fuel blender housing. A base fuel conduit passes through the fuel blender housing through which gaseous base may flow, and a fuel additive conduit communicates between the vaporizer chamber and the base fuel conduit within the fuel blending housing through which vaporized fuel additive may flow. Means are provided for thermally coupling the fuel blender housing with the vaporizer chamber to inhibit condensation of vaporized fuel additive as it flows through the fuel additive conduit and into the base fuel conduit within the fuel blender housing. Valve means are provided for concurrently controlling the flow of gaseous fuel and vaporized fuel additive in the conduits. A venturi is also provided at the junction of the two conduits for drawing the fuel additive into a flowing stream of the base fuel.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for improving the efficiency of combustion, particularly in internal combustion engines, are disclosed. Air is circulated at a substantially constant, controlled rate from a blower or compressor through a control valve to a plurality of release points beneath a catalyzing or catalyst-forming liquid, such as water, and is released in such a manner as to ensure the slow growth of relatively large bubbles. These bubbles break at the liquid surface, and the catalyst-laden air is then returned to the gas impelling means, e.g. blower or compressor, in which it is mixed with more air and returned to the system. A portion of the catalyst-laden air is directed to the combustion device, e.g. the carburetor or intake manifold of an internal combustion engine, the remainder being returned to contact with the catalyzing or catalyst-forming liquid.

Abstract: A method of accurately mixing gases in desired proportions which comprises establishing the gases to be mixed at a uniform pressure; sequentially feeding the gases through a common restrictor for proportionate time periods to give the gas mix desired. The apparatus used includes a pressurizing gas reservoir unit which adjusts all gases to be mixed to have a common pressure; electronically actuated rapid response fluidic interface valves; a common restrictor through which the gases are passed to a receiving and mixing chamber; and timing means controlling the valves to allow gases to be sequentially passed therethrough for pre-set time periods.

Abstract: A method of etching copper and copper alloys by means of an ammoniacal etching solution containing chloride ions and for regenerating this etching solution during this etching process by adding an ammoniacal compound, for example, in the form of ammonium hydroxide or ammonia gas, as well as hydrochloric acid and water to the etching solution in accordance with continuous measurements of the pH-value and the specific gravity of the etching solution.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring and keeping constant the water content in a highly heated salt bath, by measuring the change in dew point of a gas flowed over the salt bath.

Abstract: Apparatus for copolymerizing at least two gaseous monomers to form block copolymers or gradient copolymers comprising a closed reactor for receiving the monomers and subjecting them to copolymerizing conditions, at least three feed tanks for containing the monomers under pressure, a first feed manifold connecting one end of each feed tank to the reactor, first valve means in the first manifold for controlling flow therein between the first and second feed tank, between the second and third feed tank and between the feed tanks and the reactor, a second feed manifold connecting the other end of each feed tank to the reactor, and second valve means in the second manifold for controlling flow from each feed tank into the second manifold.

Abstract: An improved water temperature control and method for automatic clothes washers having a tub for containing water and a water valve with a hot water inlet and a cold water inlet, a temperature sensing control including a temperature responsive switch for controlling at least one of the water inlets, a water conduit from the water valve to the tub. The improvement is a water sampling tank having an inlet, an outlet, and a water chamber therebetween, the tank being arranged in water flow communication with the conduit between the water valve and the tub so that a small portion of water passing through the conduit is diverted through the chamber. The water temperature responsive switch is in temperature sensing relationship with the water in the chamber.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for analyzing liquid sample comprising flowing a stream including a liquid continuously in a conduit, detecting a flow rate characteristic in the conduit and generating a signal in response thereto, and increasing, decreasing or maintaining, unchanged the flow rate of the stream in the conduit in response to the signal, the flow being increased or decreased by the flow into the conduit of another fluid without changing the concentration of the aforementioned liquid. The continuing flow of the liquid may be the flow of a segmented sample-reagent liquid, and the other fluid which is added may be a gas.

Abstract: The invention concerns a novel automatic metering system for producing a liquor containing a predetermined concentration of at least one component thereof, which comprises a mixing tank in which the liquor components are mixed, a metering device adapted to meter out at least one of the components into the mixing tank, an analyzer adapted to measure the concentration of the component(s) required at a predetermined concentration and a data processing unit, with an input from the analyzer and an output to the metering device, being programmed to effect an operational cycle which comprises computing the deviation of the measured concentration from the predetermined concentration of the component(s), correlating the deviation with the amount of at least one of the components necessary to be metered out, substantially to reduce said deviation by a reduction factor of less than 100 percent, and automatically operating the metering device to meter out the correlated amount, and to repeat said operational cycle until

Abstract: The method comprises employing electrical contact resistance to sense whether or not there is incipient precipitation of adherent scale, paraffin wax, etc., on surfaces immersed in various liquids. The method is surprisingly sensitive, and otherwise effective, even when the liquids are electrically conductive. The method further comprises performing certain steps relative to the submerged surfaces, and/or relative to the liquids, in order to control precipitate formation. The selection of polarity, materials, etc., is caused to be such that sensitivity is maximized, and electrolytic dissolution of the submerged elements is minimized.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to automatic flow blending of gas mixtures useful for calibrating gas analyzing instruments of the kind used in measuring atmospheric pollutants and the like. According to the disclosure the component gases reduced in pressure from the storage pressure, are continually mixed in a mixing zone at low pressure and pumped to high pressure for charging high pressure storage vessels. The mixture in the high pressure charging line is continuously monitored with a gas analyzer instrument. Variations from the desired blend are converted into an analog signal which is used to control various valve mechanisms for regulating the flow of gases to the low pressure mixing zone so that a match of the desired blend of gases is obtained.