Abstract: The invention provides an armor system for ballistic protection of a flexible conduit, the system comprising a plurality of protective tubular elements in axial alternating array with double-socket joint elements, the outer peripheral ends of the tubular elements being provided with a convex curvature complementary to a concave curvature provided along the inner peripheral ends of the double-socket joint elements, a protective tubular element being inserted in each end of the double-socket joint elements, the curved peripheral end allowing any tubular element connected to a double-socket element to till freely relative thereto.

Abstract: A means for thermal maintenance of industrial pipe by virtue of a working medium passing through at least one prefabricated hollow element attachable to the outside surface of the pipe wall is disclosed. The hollow element comprises an outer cover defined by an inner portion, facing the external surface of the pipe wall, an outer portion, situated opposite the inner portion and facing outwardly and transition portions connecting the inner portion with the outside portion. The inner portion is provided with concave configuration defined by radius R1 and closely matching the curvature of the pipe. The inner portion encloses about 180 degrees of the pipe's external surface and the transition portions are rounded by radius r, wherein r<R1.

Abstract: A method for forming a spigot on a double-walled pipe and spigots formed by this method are described. The outer wall and an intermediate space of a double-walled pipe is removed from one end of the pipe over the desired chamfer length, and a preformed annular resilient bevel is placed around the remaining inner wall. This method is convenient, requires limited materials and tools, provides easy access to a porous intermediate space for sealing, and does not introduce residual stress to the spigot. Furthermore, the properties of the spigot depend primarily upon the properties of the annular resilient bevel, increasing the probability of achieving a high quality and robust seal.

Abstract: Improved thermoplastic liner containing metal pipelines in which the liners consist essentially of polyamide 11 or polyamide 12 as well as methods for their preparation and use are disclosed.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a plastic jacket having air spaces formed by spaced walls used to insulate hot and cold piping systems and the fittings for those systems. The jacket is made from multiple segments, which are joined together along their longitudinal joints. The segments are joined to each other by tongue and groove connections. One segment can be cut longitudinally and glued to another segment to make a larger segment to fit various diameters of pipe. In a further embodiment, the plastic jacket is modified to form the duct of a heating, ventilating and air conditioning system. The inner wall of the jacket forms the air duct. In both embodiments, at least some of the segments have hinge portions created by omitting the inner wall at the hinge portions.

Abstract: An elongated composite tube made up of an inner tube 42 and an outer tube 44 (FIG. 3) with a plurality of elongated helical ribs disposed between the inner tube and the outer tube in a supporting relationship to both. A slinky like toy made from the composite tube is also disclosed, as is a method of making both.

Abstract: An insulated tubing is disclosed having a liner, a pipe surrounding the liner defining an annulus between the pipe and the liner, a plurality of sets of spacers, and an insulating material located between the liner and pipe, substantially filling the annulus. The spacers within a set of spacers are spaced apart from each other around the circumference of the liner and each set of spacers is spaced apart from each other set along the length of the liner. A method for producing the insulated tubing is also disclosed.

Abstract: In a super-insulation support system disposed in an annular space between concentric inner and outer corrugated tubes, a number of axially spaced rings is provided, which are interconnected by axially extending rods mounted in circumferentially spaced relationship alternately to the inside and the outside of the axially spaced rings thereby forming a cylindrical frame structure, which is disposed adjacent the inner corrugated tube and super-insulation is disposed on the cylindrical frame structure and supported thereby at a distance from the corrugated inner tube.

Abstract: Contoured structural members containing vibration damping mechanisms and methods for making the same. The contoured structural members comprise composite or metal materials sandwiching a support or stabilizing structure. The contoured structure can be provided by tube rolling (or roll wrapping) the composite or metal materials and the support structure together and then, if necessary, bonding them or connecting them. With a contoured and generally non-flat structure, applications for the structural members of the present invention are nearly limitless. As well, by incorporating a vibration damping mechanism, the structural impact of oscillations caused by varying mechanical loads is diminished.

Abstract: A flexible secondarily-contained pipe of unitary or one-piece construction characterized in that it comprises the following combination of features: an inner supply pipe (1); an inner barrier layer (6) which forms an internal surface of the supply pipe (1) and which is formed from a first polymeric plastics material, an outer containment pipe (2); a plurality of passages associated with the secondary containment pipe, said passages being adapted to receive any fluid which has leaked from the inner supply pipe and to convey said fluid to a remote leak detector.

Abstract: Heat transfer between a body and its surrounding fluidous environment is reduced by placing at least one baffle-insulator adjacent to the body, such that the baffle-insulator which has a thermal conductivity of less than about 5 watts/meter-° K., disturbs, modifies, and/or weakens fluidous environment flow about the body, thus reducing heat transfer between the body and its environment.

Abstract: A lagged flexible tubular pipe for conveying fluids, produced by helically winding at least one strip made of thermal insulation around a flexible central core at a uniform pitch and with a gap. Jointly winding gap-free an intermediate extruded section into the gap between the turns of strip and sealing the gap. The intermediate section is made of a material which volume wise is nearly incompressible.

Abstract: A sealing-tight pipe with acoustic damping for the transport of gaseous fluids, inter alia for the admission of air for combustion into a motor vehicle heat engine, characterised in that it comprises a first layer 1 of a porous material which is permeable to the gaseous fluids and a second layer 4 consisting of a thin film, attached to the first layer but not adhering thereto, of a flexible fluid-tight material which is mechanically deformable reversibly.

Abstract: A pipe for the ducting of gaseous fluids, notably in cars, characterised in that it includes a porous interior tube (1), permeable to gaseous fluids and likely to lessen noise transmission, and an exterior tube (2), which is essentially rigid and forms an envelope distant from the interior tube, in a material essentially non-permeable to gaseous fluids.

Abstract: A flexible conduit includes a corrugated tubular metal bellows having a minimum inner diameter; cylindrical end fittings secured to the bellows; a metal hose disposed coaxially within the bellows and having a maximum outer diameter which is less than the minimum inner diameter of the bellows; and a free annular cylindrical space situated between the bellows and the metal hose. The cylindrical space has an outer diameter equaling the minimum inner diameter of the bellows and an inner diameter equaling the maximum outer diameter of the metal hose. The conduit further has a hollow cylindrical knit wire element positioned in the cylindrical space. The knit wire element radially fully occupies the cylindrical space without projecting radially therefrom.

Abstract: A reinforced pipe and a method for constructing same wherein the reinforced pipe is comprised of an outer pipe concentrically positioned over an inner pipe. A honeycomb, reinforcing material which is comprised of rows of cells is positioned between the pipes with the longitudinal axis of each cell being aligned with a radius of the inner pipe. The outer pipe may be heat shrunk onto the honeycomb material or it may be split and expanded before positioning over the honeycomb material. Both the honeycomb material and the outer pipe are positioned along only a portion of the length of the inner pipe so that each end of the inner pipe is exposed to facilitate the joining of two adjacent lengths of reinforced pipe.

Abstract: Prefabricated insulated pipe sections are constructed of an inner pipe surrounded by a concentrically-positioned outer pipe. End portions of the inner and outer pipes are joined with bellow members so that an annular space is defined. A portion of the inner pipe is wrapped with layers of insulation material with inert insulating granules positioned between the layers. The annular space is partially evacuated to below atmospheric pressure. Multiple pipe sections may be joined by their inner pipes through brazing or other known methods. The joints and neighboring bellow members on abutting pipe sections are covered by clam shells that are sealed and filled with insulation.

Abstract: A decorative pipe protector that can be positioned around a copper water supply pipe to both provide a decorative appearance and protect the copper water supply pipe from corrosion. The pipe protector includes a trim tube extending axially between a first end and a second end. The trim tube includes an inner surface having an inner diameter slightly larger than the outer diameter of the water supply pipe such that the trim tube can be slid onto the water supply pipe. The second end of the trim tube includes an attachment portion formed along its inner surface having a reduced diameter approximately equal to the outer diameter of the water supply pipe. The attachment portion of the trim tube is sweat soldered to the outer diameter of the water supply pipe to provide a liquid-tight seal between the two components. The second end of the trim tube includes external threads that receive a water shut-off valve.

Abstract: The invention provides that a layer of hardened material is created on the surface of an underground passageway, in particular a sewer so as to restore its utility and the method used is to place a first lining tube in the sewer along its length, and then to evert a second tube of smaller diameter, along the sewer into the first tube. The method is to insert into the first tube a fluent mass against which the second tube is everted and the fluent mass comprises a hardenable material, typically a synthetic resin and a solid particulate material, typically even diameter beads, which serves to limit the thickness to which the mass can be compressed between the tubes whereby an even thickness layer of the fluent mass lying circumferentially of the sewer forms between the tubes, and this layer is held and is hardened either by force or naturally.

Abstract: A hose with interlocked profile, particularly for automotive exhaust systems. The hose is helically stripwound from at least one single-layer or multi-layer metal strip, pre-formed to the shape of an S, with the edges of adjacent strip windings being interlocked with each other by the legs of the pre-form which have the aspect of the S-shaped hooks, and by folded end rims. The hose has radial embossed recesses which bring adjacent interlocked folded edges partially in direct contact with each other.

Abstract: A line pipe with a double casing is especially used in transporting oil products. In a preferred embodiment, such a pipe is characterized in that, in a sealed annular space, located between an inner tube and an outer tube both coaxially arranged inside each other, there is included a self-sustaining plate made of open pore-microporous material, which is flexible enough to be externally wound around the inner tube. This plate is preferably less in thickness than said annular space such that a passageway is left free between the former and the outer tube whereby low pressure is maintained.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fluid conduit (9) for hydraulic regulating devices of machines, in particular turbo machines, preferably of industrial turbines, the fluid conduit (9) comprising at least one pressure-transmitting inner conduit (4), which is surrounded by a hydraulically leaktight, burst-proof jacket (5). The space between the inner conduit (4) and the jacket (5) forms an unpressurized outer conduit (6), making it possible to dispense with a separate return conduit while reliably preventing fluid from escaping in the case of leaks in the pressure-transmitting inner conduit (4).

Abstract: An internally insulated, corrosion resistant pipeline. An inner fluid barrier is formed preferably by a polymer liner. The outer pipe may be a steel pipe. The liner is provided with a plurality of passages or an open annulus. The passages in the liner or annulus between the pipe and liner are filled with an insulation material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a flexible tube device, which is repeatedly reshapable by action of reshaping forces comprising bending forces and which has the capability of substantially maintaining its shape received by the reshaping as the forces are released. This device is characterized in that the device (1) comprises a flexible part comprising a flexible inner hose (3) and/or a flexible outer hose, which may surround the flexible inner hose (3) and be provided along substantially the entire flexible part and preferably inside the outer hose, outside the inner hose or between the outer hose and the inner hose, a bend stiffening member (4) which is plastically deformable at the reshaping of the tube device and which after the removal of the reshaping forces substantially retains the shape received by the plastic deformation and thereby substantially determines the shape of the tube device.

Abstract: A multiple-tube flexible pipe (1) including a central flexible member (2) having high tensile and compressive strength, a casing (8) and a plurality of circumferentially arranged tubes (3) wound around the central flexible member to form at least one ply in a ring-shaped space between said central flexible member (2) and said casing (8). At least one of said circumferentially arranged tubes (3) has low compressive and/or tensile strength. The flexible pipe further comprises at least one flexible compressive force transmitting member (5) arranged in said ring-shaped space and adjacent to said tube (3, 4) having low compressive and/or tensile strength.

Abstract: Each longitudinal section of a concentric direct vent duct structure for a fuel-fired appliance, such as a furnace, is formed using a tubular outer duct having an axially spaced pair of triangular stand-off frame members anchored therein, and a smaller diameter inner duct having an axially spaced pair of ramped external annular locking projections thereon. To assemble the concentric duct section, the inner duct is simply axially inserted into the outer duct. As the inner duct is inserted into the outer duct, a ramped annular side surface on the leading inner duct locking projection resiliently and radially outwardly deflects side wall portions of the stand-off frame members and then permits them to snap back to their original undeflected positions.

Abstract: A tube element, especially for the exhaust systems and exhaust gas recirculation systems of combustion engines in vehicles. The element has a single- or multi-ply tube element made of metal which is provided with cylindrical end fittings and at least two annularly corrugated bellows and a connecting pipe forming a single element, with the pipe corresponding with the bellows in diameter as well as in wall thickness, and with the inside diameter of the connecting pipe corresponding substantially with the free inside diameter of the adjacent bellows. The element has a concentric reinforcing pipe at an external radial distance to the connecting pipe, with the ends of the reinforcing pipe, whose inside diameter corresponds with the outside diameter of the bellows, being connected with the radial outward crests of the first corrugations of the bellows following the connecting pipe.

Abstract: An acoustically isolated structure for use on a high temperature pipe in a luid environment is disclosed. Thermal insulation is provided radially outward from and adjacent to the pipe, and a sleeve is located on the outer surface of the insulation preventing environmental fluid from damaging the thermal insulation. A spacer is joined to the sleeve to position an acoustical barrier away from the pipe. The spacer allows environmental fluid circulation between the sleeve and the acoustical barrier.

Abstract: A heat protective sleeve for the protection of elongated members is disclosed, the sleeve having a first sheet of insulative material with an outer reflective layer. Oppositely disposed edges of the first sheet have means for joining the edges to a portion of the first sheet in overlapping relationship to form a tubular sleeve. A second insulative sheet is attached to the outer surface of the first sheet inward from the edges. The second sheet also has a reflective layer on its outer surface and is attached to the first sheet along its edges, parallel to the edges of the first sheet, thus, forming an air pocket between the sheets. A stiff monofilament wire bent into a spiral or other shape is disposed within the air pocket to maintain the pocket shape. In use, the air pocket is positioned facing a heat source and the sleeve interposes a reflective layer, an insulating layer, an air pocket, a second reflective layer and a second insulating layer between the elongated members and the heat source.

Abstract: An electrochemical converter is disposed within a pressure vessel that collects hot exhaust gases generated by the converter for delivery to a cogeneration bottoming device, such as a gas turbine. The bottoming device extracts energy from the waste heat generated by the converter, such as a fuel cell for the generation of electricity, yielding an improved efficiency energy system. Bottoming devices can include, for example, a gas turbine system or an heating, ventilation or cooling (HVAC) system. The pressure vessel can include a heat exchanger, such as a cooling jacket, for cooling the pressure vessel and/or preheating an input reactant to the electrochemical converter prior to introduction of the reactant to the converter. In one embodiment, a compressor of a gas turbine system assembly draws an input reactant through the pressure vessel heat exchanger and delivers the reactant under pressure to a fuel cell enclosed therein.

Abstract: Pipes used for carrying hot fluids such as steam and process liquids and gases, often above 212.degree. F., and pipes for carrying cold fluids such as for refrigeration and air conditioning systems, are usually insulated where they extend for any appreciable distance in areas of different temperatures, for reducing heat transfers. Such pipes are used in central heating and cooling distribution systems for cities, schools, universities, prisons, military bases, in industrial processing plants, and the like, whether installed above ground or underground. Polyisocyanurate and similar foamed insulation materials including polyurethane are better insulators than those now commonly used, such as foamglass, fiberglass, mineral wool, and calcium silicate; polyisocyanurate has a very low K factor and is stable at up to 400.degree. F. for sustained temperatures and up to 450.degree. F. peak temperatures.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an elongated member from a superconducting ceramic material comprising the steps of providing a hollow supporting body of metal or a metallic compound having a hollow inside section therein, introducing a superconducting ceramic material into the hollow inside section of the hollow supporting body, drying the above liquid, so that the superconducting ceramic material is coated on the inside of the supporting body; and firing the supporting body and the ceramic material in an oxidizing atmosphere.

Abstract: A hose 10 of the invention includes an outer hose member 12 composed of a rubber and an inner hose member 14 composed of a resin. A pair of projection ring elements 26 formed on opposite ends of the inner hose member 14 are received in a pair of inner circumferential grooves 24 formed in thick-walled tube elements 18 of the outer hose member 12. The projection ring elements extend the inner circumferential grooves 24 with such dilatation and deformation of the concavity of the inner circumferential grooves 24 enabling the thick-walled tube elements 18 to generate forces acting along the concavity of the inner circumferential grooves 24. Such forces are applied as pressing forces against the projection ring elements 26. The thick wall of the thick-walled tube elements 18 enables the pressing forces to be maintained while the projection ring elements 26 are retained in the inner circumferential grooves 24.

Abstract: An apparatus and method primarily intended for repairing pipes and conduits, particularly high-pressure pipes and conduits, such as a watermain. To prevent the creation of a gap between a repair sleeve and the inside of a host pipe, when an epoxy or other curable sealant is used, due to the slight rebound that occurs during the locking of the edges of the sleeve, a bubble gasket or a quantity of loose bubbles is used. During such rebound and locking of the edges of the repair sleeve, the bubbles maintain a force against the sealant as the sealant cures. Although conduit repair is an intended specific application of the invention, the apparatus and method of the invention has broader applicability and are contemplated to encompass the securing of a curable sealant to a surface and the general bonding of two surfaces together.

Abstract: A dual containment pipe system suitable for installation into an existing conduit includes a new secondary containment pipe with a plurality of substantially uniform internal studs and a new primary containment pipe up against the studs. An annular space is formed between the pipes by the studs which provides space along the length of the conduit for installation of leak detection systems including cables or perforated conduits for removing liquids or purging the annulus. The impervious new primary containment pipe may be cured in place, folded and formed, diameter reduced pipe, or any other pipe suitable for pipeline rehabilitation. A manhole system for connection of service laterals to the main line pipe which maintaining dual containment utilizing closure pieces for the main line coupled to a bellow fitting and service lateral riser tee is also disclosed.

Abstract: A carbon monoxide containing gas mixture at a temperature of 500.degree. C. is conducted through the inner protective tubing of a sheath tube lined with a thermally insulating protecting composition. The inner tubing is divided into sections and a potentially CO-free mass is introduced in the sheath tube in the regions of the thermally insulating mass to permeate the latter and form a barrier between the carbon monoxide gas and sheath tube, thereby eliminating hot spots and metal dusting corrosion.

Abstract: Casing spacers for isolating carrier pipe mechanically, galvanically, and chemically from pipe casings. The spacers may be attached using fasteners to pipe joint restrainers or other ring structures which encircle carrier pipe. The spacers are more efficient to install in the field, provide robust mechanical structure and physical stability which does not degrade over time, provide additional protection to the pipe joints, and, because they may be attached to conventional structures instead of requiring an integral ring structure for encircling a pipe, alleviate the distribution and inventory problems encountered by conventional systems in which the casing spacer runners are attached to an integral ring structure which must conform to the carrier pipe size and the casing inner diameter.

Abstract: A method of insulating a heated surface comprising enveloping the surface by a first layer of a heat insulating material having a high thermal resistivity such as Mineral Wool, and enveloping the first layer by a second layer of a material having a lower thermal resistivity, such as Polyurethane.

Abstract: In a closure fitting assembly two identical fittings are adapted to be coupled together in a mirror-image relationship for closing a gap between containment components in a double-containment system. Each fitting defines a first axially-extending fusion surface located on one side of the fitting; a second axially-extending fusion surface located on an opposite side of the fitting relative to the first axially-extending fusion surface; a first circumferentially-extending fusion surface located on one end of the fitting; and a second circumferentially-extending fusion surface located on an opposite end of the fitting. Axially-extending fusion wires are interposed within the seams formed between opposing axially-extending fusion surfaces, and circumferentially-extending fusion wires are seated against each circumferentially-extending fusion surface for receiving electric current to heat the wires and in turn fuse opposing surfaces together.

Abstract: A system for shielding an interior metal surface of a metal container from a hot fluid within the metal container wherein the hot fluid is at a temperature greater than a temperature limit of the metal, including a first insulating layer including metal clad insulation proximate the interior metal surface, a second insulating layer spaced from the first insulating layer including a perforated reflective metal shield and a third insulating layer spaced from the second insulating layer which is structurally stable and substantially inert to the hot fluid.

Abstract: An annular bulkhead for separating the inner and outer generally coaxial pipes of a double walled pipe structure wherein the bulkhead is in the form of an annular resilient member dimensioned to fit, in use, the annular space between the pipes, wherein the annular resilient member is supported on each axial side thereof by means of at least partial annular rigid rings divided into separate segments and secured together through the resilient annular member.

Abstract: The present invention refers to an insulating and fixation system of steam tracers in fluid transportation pipings, comprising the supply of a first internal metallic piping (50) with diameter a few larger than the piping (52) to be heated, endowed with equally spaced internal rips (54) in the longitudinal direction for arrangement and fixation of heating extensions (56) and a second external thermoplastic piping (58) being one concentrical to each other, forming an annular space (60) and presenting itself as a double wall tubular cylinder (62), said annular space (60) forming between the said first internal piping (50) and the second external piping (58) being fulfilled with insulating material (64) without any contact with the said piping (52) to be heated or external surroundings.

Abstract: A hose includes an outer hose member, and an inner hose member. The outer hose member includes a first bellows-like tubular portion at least in the intermediate area in the axial direction. The inner hose member is disposed substantially coaxially in the outer hose member, includes a second bellows-like tubular portions in the area corresponding to the first bellows-like tubular portion of the outer hose member, and adapted to form a tubular air layer between the second bellows-like tubular portion and the first bellows-like tubular portion. Because of the outer hose member and the inner hose member, the hose exhibits a high flexibility, a reliable barrier ability against gasoline fuels or the like, and an improved adiabatic ability and anti-flammability for the inner hose member.

Abstract: In a coaxial piping system for the transport of toxic and hazardous gases having an inner conduit wherein hazardous gases are transported therethrough and having a spacer that separates the inner conduit from an outer conduit, so that purging gases can flow between the conduits.

Abstract: Heat transfer between a body and its surrounding fluidous environment is reduced by placing at least one baffle-insulator adjacent to the body, such that the baffle-insulator which has a thermal conductivity of less than about 5 watts/meter-.degree.K, disturbs, modifies, and/or weakens fluidous environment flow about the body, thus reducing heat transfer between the body and its environment.

Abstract: An improved pipe construction is disclosed having an inner and outer surface, intermediate walls having a top and bottom, and a plurality of primary internal cells. Each of the primary internal cells has a cell surface wall, collapsible ribs attached to the intermediate walls, collapsible apertures positioned on opposite sides of the intermediate walls and apertures, and internal flanks. Each of the collapsible apertures has an inner wall surface, with each inner wall surface having a deformable surface portion. Each of the end apertures is positioned between the collapsible apertures and primary internal cells. Each of the end apertures has an inner wall surface. The internal flanks are positioned intermediate the end apertures and the collapsible apertures. A method of forming the pipe of this structure is also disclosed.

Abstract: A protective sleeve for a fluid pipe is disclosed. The sleeve includes an inner and outer member which provide heat, sound and abrasion resistance. The inner member includes a pair of terminal edges which are spaced apart a predetermined distance. This distance is greater than the distance between the terminal edges of the outer member. A method of making such a protective sleeve is also disclosed.

Abstract: A flexible, thermally insulated fluid conduit including a central pipe, which is spirally wrapped with thermal strip insulation under plastic deformation of an amount not exceeding 10%. The insulation is covered with an extruded, continuous casing.

Abstract: A stiff elongated hollow structural member has a double-walled structure in the shape of a tube made of an interior tube which has an annular cross-section and an exterior tube which has a different cross-section, in a concentric arrangement. The interior and exterior tubes bound a hollow space filled with an incompressible liquid. Responsive to pressure increases in the liquid, the exterior tube in the elastic material range is bendingly deformable in the direction of a ring-circular cross-section or to a ring-circular cross-section. This hollow structural member can be used as an adjustable stiffness torsion member such as a vehicle steering shaft. Another disclosed adjustable stiffness hollow structural member includes a flat plate facing a corrugated plate to form a hollow space for the incompressible liquid. Increases in pressure of the liquid forces the corrugated member to a more flattened configuration.

Abstract: A protective sleeve for a fluid pipe is disclosed. The sleeve includes an inner and outer member which provide heat, sound and abrasion resistance. The inner member includes a pair of terminal edges which are spaced apart a predetermined distance. This distance is greater than the distance between the terminal edges of the outer member. A method of making such a protective sleeve is also disclosed.