Abstract: A dispenser system includes at least one main tubular element, at least one nozzle, and openings formed on the main tubular element. The at least one nozzle receives and injects a first fluid inside the main tubular element. The openings in conjunction with the nozzle enable fluid circulation between inside and outside of the main tubular element.

Abstract: A dispenser system includes at least one main tubular element, at least one nozzle, and openings formed on the main tubular element. The at least one nozzle receives and injects a first fluid inside the main tubular element. The openings in conjunction with the nozzle (20) enable fluid circulation between inside and outside of the main tubular element.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine that includes a fan nacelle and a core nacelle that provide a bypass flow path radially between. The fan nacelle has an inlet including a throat. The inlet has an inlet forward-most point. A fan is arranged in the bypass flow path and rotatable about an axis. The fan has a leading edge recessed from the inlet forward-most point an inlet length in an axial direction. A spinner has a spinner length from a spinner forward-most point to the leading edge. A ratio of the spinner length to inlet length is equal to or greater than about 0.5.

Abstract: Systems and methods for adjusting airflow distortion in a gas turbine engine using a translating inlet assembly are provided. In one embodiment, a core engine of a gas turbine engine can include a compressor section, a combustion section, and a turbine section in series flow and defining at least in part an engine airflow path. The compressor section can include an inner flowpath surface. A core casing can enclose the core engine. A forward end of the core casing can include a translating inlet assembly moveable between a first position and a second position. The translating inlet assembly and the inner flowpath surface can together define an inlet to an engine airflow path. A translating inlet assembly can define a first inlet area in the first position and a second inlet area in the second position, the first inlet area being greater than the second inlet area.

Abstract: The present invention is a differential pressure loss valve comprising a valve housing that incorporates: a sleeve that incorporates a continuous cylindrical helical thread formed in the inner surface thereof; and a cylindrical channel carrier incorporating a cylindrical helical thread formed in the outer surface thereof. When the channel carrier is positioned within the sleeve a portion of the sleeve cylindrical helical thread integrates with the channel carrier cylindrical helical thread, and a composite channel is formed there-between. The geometric configuration of the composite channel is consistent throughout such composite channel, although the geometric configuration may differ in individual embodiments of the present invention. Fluid can flow within the valve between an inlet port incorporated in the sleeve and an outlet port incorporated in the valve housing and through the composite channel, or any portion thereof between the inlet port and outlet port, if any.

Abstract: A decompression mechanism may include a decompression case having an inlet that receives a beverage and an outlet that discharges the beverage; a decompression inner member including an inner body positioned inside of the decompression case and a guide formed in a spiral shape on an outer circumference of the inner body and in contact with an inner face of the decompression case; and a decompression channel defined between the decompression case and the decompression inner member. The decompression channel may have an input opening in communication with the inlet and an output opening in communication with the outlet, and a cross-sectional area of the decompression channel may increase as the decompression channel extends from the input opening to the output opening.

Abstract: A centrifugal compressor for a chiller system includes a casing having an inlet portion and an outlet portion, a recirculation structure including a recirculation path and a recirculation discharge cavity, an impeller disposed downstream of the recirculation discharge cavity, the impeller being attached to a shaft rotatable about a shaft rotation axis, a motor arranged to rotate the shaft in order to rotate the impeller, and a diffuser disposed in the outlet portion downstream of the impeller. The recirculation structure is configured and arranged to impart a swirl to a flow of refrigerant into the inlet portion, with a velocity of a recirculation flow caused by the swirl being higher than a velocity of the flow of the refrigerant in the inlet portion.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and systems for valve trim apparatus for use with control valves are disclosed. An example apparatus includes a valve body including a fluid flow path between an inlet and an outlet. The example apparatus also includes valve trim positioned in the fluid flow path, the valve trim including first passageways that extend from the inlet to a first expansion cavity and second passageways that extend from the first expansion cavity to the outlet.

Abstract: A variable geometry inlet system of an aircraft engine includes an inlet duct. The inlet duct includes at least first and second sections moveable between extended and retracted positions such that the inlet duct defines a variable axial length of an inlet passage for selective flight conditions. The inclusion of acoustic treatment may assist in controlling noise.

Abstract: This emitter is constituted from an emitter body, a film, and a cover. The emitter has a water intake part, a discharge part, a first flow path, a second flow path, a flow reduction part, a flow path opening/closing part, a pressure-reducing flow path, and a bypass flow path. When the pressure of an irrigation liquid flowing through a tube is less than a first pressure, the irrigation liquid passes through the pressure-reducing flow path and the bypass flow path and is guided to the discharge part. When the pressure of the irrigation liquid flowing through the tube is equal to or greater than the first pressure, the second flow path is closed by the flow path opening/closing part, and the irrigation liquid taken in from the water intake part passes through the pressure-reducing flow path and is guided to the discharge part.

Abstract: A fuel injector for fuel injection systems of internal combustion engines, in particular for direct injection of fuel into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, is described, including a solenoid, an armature, which is acted upon by the solenoid in a closing direction by a return spring, and a valve needle, which is connected to the armature in a force-locked manner for actuation of a valve closing body, which together with a valve face forms a sealing seat. An adjusting element for adjusting the spring force of the return spring is situated in a connector sleeve which provides the fuel feed on the inlet side. The adjusting element is delimited toward the outside by a thin-walled sleeve, into which a disk-shaped throttle element having a throttle borehole is introduced as a separate insert part.

Abstract: A flow regulating device (60) and a gas water heater (1) having the same are provided. The flow regulating device (60) includes a housing (100) defining a water inlet (110) and a water outlet (120) therein; a flow regulating assembly (200) disposed in the housing (100), a temperature-flow regulating orifice (230) located between the water inlet (110) and the water outlet (120) being defined in the flow regulating assembly (200), and the flow regulating assembly (200) further including a regulating component for regulating opening of the temperature-flow regulating orifice (230); a temperature sensitive assembly (300) disposed in the housing (100) and connected to the regulating component, and the temperature sensitive assembly (300) driving the regulating component according to temperature of water in the housing (100). The flow regulating device has advantages of short regulating time, and high regulating precision.

Abstract: There is provided an online drip emitter that includes a check valve. The emitter uses a first diaphragm in the check valve and a second diaphragm spaced from the first diaphragm to provide pressure compensation. The second diaphragm communicates with a tortuous path and an outlet to regulate water emitting from the emitter depending on the supply pressure.

Abstract: A flow control system on an aircraft engine nacelle incorporates a plurality of translating turning vanes each having a body. An equal plurality of actuators is coupled to a trailing edge of the body of an associated one of the translating turning vanes. The actuator translates the body from a retracted position to an extended position.

Abstract: Various systems, methods and apparatus for locating emitters embedded in tubing are disclosed herein, as well as forming outlets in said tubing and confirming the placement accuracy of such outlets. In one form, an emitter locator is disclosed having: a housing defining a generally enclosed space and having an inlet located in a first side of the housing and an outlet located in a second side of the housing positioned opposite the inlet; a cutter positioned within the generally enclosed space between the inlet and outlet; a first optical instrument located proximate the inlet; a second optical instrument located proximate the outlet; and a controller connected to the cutter and first and second optical instruments, the controller configured to detect a tubing target area desired for placement of an outlet opening in tubing that passes through the inlet and cut the tubing target area to form the outlet opening therein.

Abstract: An electrically operated valve is provided with a valve main body in which a valve chamber is defined in an inner portion and a first opening and a second opening are formed in a side portion and a bottom portion, a valve seat member which has an valve port open to the valve chamber and a valve seat and is provided in the second opening of the valve main body, a valve body which is arranged in the valve chamber so as to be movable up and down, and an elevation drive portion which moves up and down the valve body in relation to the valve seat, and a porous body constructed by a foam metal is arranged along a portion which is positioned in a side portion of the valve port on the inner wall surface of the valve main body. Accordingly, an abnormal noise can be reduced.

Abstract: An irrigation drip emitter, and methods relating to same, are provided for delivering irrigation water from a supply tube to an emitter outlet at a reduced and relatively constant flow rate. The emitter having at least one moveable member for compensating for fluctuations in supply line fluid pressure. In one form the emitter further includes a root growth inhibiting member for hindering roots from obstructing fluid flow through the emitter. In another form, the emitter includes an inlet protrusion so that fluid entering the emitter comes from a position closer to the central or center portion of the conduit in order to avoid larger obstructions that may be located near the periphery of the conduit. In another form, the emitter includes a carrier for assisting in mounting the emitter into conduit. In another form, more than one of the above features are present.

Abstract: Gate valve (1) with a valve casing (4) and a closing body (3) arranged longitudinally movably in the valve casing (4). An inlet channel (5) and an outlet channel (6) are formed in the valve casing (4). The closing body (3) via longitudinal movement cooperates with a valve seat (8) formed in the valve casing (4) and hence opens and closes a hydraulic connection between the inlet channel (5) and the outlet channel (6). The inlet channel (5) and the outlet channel (6) are each formed as a spiral.

Abstract: An overfill prevention system for use with a liquid storage tank includes a valve assembly defining a downwardly open liquid discharge opening. A pilot tube is fixed relative to and projects downwardly relative to the valve assembly. The pilot tube defines an internal channel in fluid communication with the valve assembly and a discharge hole spaced downwardly from the valve assembly and in fluid communication with the internal channel and the tank. A float is buoyantly shiftable along the pilot tube between an open position in which the float exposes the discharge hole when liquid within the tank is below a predetermined level, and a closed position in which the float covers the discharge hole when liquid within the tank reaches or exceeds the predetermined level. A flow diverter is disposed between the discharge opening and the float to deflect liquid from the discharge opening away from the float.

Abstract: A home appliance with maintop gas control includes a gas control apparatus including a pressure regulator for receiving gas from a gas facility and distributing gas within the home appliance, the pressure regulator defining a gas conduit having a gas inlet, at least one gas outlet, and a valve disposed intermediate the gas inlet and at least one gas outlet, the valve including a valve stem configured for movement along an axis to open and close the valve; and a valve actuator including a drive element disposed remotely from the valve, the drive element being a rotary drive element operatively engaged with the valve stem for moving the valve between an open position and a closed position; and a mechanical link assembly disposed intermediate the valve stem and the drive element for converting rotary movement of the drive element into linear movement of the valve stem.

Abstract: A system including: (a) a pipe having an aperture providing fluid communication between inner and outer pipe surfaces; (b) a cylindrical drip emitter disposed within the pipe, including: an emitter body having an outer facing having a generally convex contour adapted in generally complementary fashion to a concave contour of the inner pipe surface, the outer facing secured to the inner surface; a liquid inlet section adapted to receive a liquid from within the pipe, and to deliver the liquid, via the aperture, to the outer facing; a pressure-reducing section disposed in fluid communication with the liquid inlet section; functionally active sections including the pressure-reducing section, the liquid inlet section, the functionally active sections disposed within, and longitudinally defining, a position of a longitudinal segment of the body; and at least one functionally passive section, disposed on the outer facing, within the longitudinal segment; and (c) a liquid flow path fluidly connecting between the liq

Abstract: A variable orifice assembly includes a housing defining a flow orifice therethrough and configured to be connected in fluid communication between two pipes of a particle conveyance system. The assembly includes a plurality of blades pivotally mounted to the housing to pivot between a retracted position and an extended position. Each blade includes a gas path edge. In the retracted position, the gas path edges of the blades conform to the flow orifice. In the extended position, the blades extend inward from the flow orifice wherein the gas path edge of each blade is spaced apart from the other blades.

Abstract: A nozzle for a dissolved air flotation system includes a housing, a nozzle connector, and a nozzle body. The housing has an inlet formed at one side and an outlet formed at another side. The nozzle connector couples to the inlet and has an inflow path formed in a longitudinal direction. The nozzle body is disposed in the housing, and includes: a collision portion formed at a first end portion of the nozzle body such that a fluid introduced along the inflow path of the nozzle connector 10 changes its flow direction and collides with an inner wall of a side portion of the housing, a plurality of faces formed at sides of the nozzle body, a plurality of side paths defined between the faces and the inner wall of the housing, and a spurt hole defined at a second end portion of the nozzle body.

Abstract: A variable orifice assembly includes a housing defining a flow orifice therethrough and configured to be connected in fluid communication between two pipes of a particle conveyance system. The assembly includes a plurality of blades pivotally mounted to the housing to pivot between a retracted position and an extended position. Each blade includes a gas path edge. In the retracted position, the gas path edges of the blades conform to the flow orifice. In the extended position, the blades extend inward from the flow orifice.

Abstract: In order to be able to stably manufacture a fluid resistance device having the same resistance characteristics while preventing fluid such as gas from leaking, a fluid resistance device is provided with a fluid resistance element having a resistance flow passage, a base member and a fixing member for holding the fluid resistance element to be fixed between the base member and the fixing member, and a thin plate-shaped seal member interposed between the fixing member and the fluid resistance element.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a linear flow regulating apparatus for intravenous infusion, and more particularly, to a flow regulating apparatus which is used in an infusion set for intravenous infusion to regulate the flow rate of a solution injected into a body. To eliminate the difficulties caused by the nonlinearity of conventional flow regulating apparatuses, which regulate flow rates by pressing a solution flow tube to adjust the flow passage area, the linear flow regulating apparatus has a control unit to be put in or taken out along the width of a flow channel unit through which the solution flows when the height and length of the flow channel unit are fixed, and is capable of linearly regulating the flow rate by varying the flow passage area of the flow channel unit by adjusting the width of a flow channel unit.

Abstract: A cage for a control valve trim assembly includes a cage body having an opening at one end and a wall extending from the opening, a plurality of cage openings disposed in the wall, and a pressure relief mechanism disposed in the cage wall.

Abstract: A device for introducing an object into a pipe is disclosed. The device includes a guide that is disposed on a pipe and a positioning unit that is movably guided on the pipe in an introduction direction by means of the guide. The positioning unit that supports a carrier that can be introduced into the pipe by moving the positioning device in the introduction direction. The positioning device is coupled to the pipe with a linear one-way clutch operable in a blocked state when the positioning device is moved against the introduction direction.

Abstract: An initial geometry for a nacelle provides an intake at the upstream end of the nacelle and an exhaust at the downstream end of the nacelle. The intake has in flow series, an intake lip and a diffuser. The intake lip has a highlight defining the boundary between the inner and outer surfaces of the intake lip. On all longitudinal sections containing the axis of the engine (i) the inner and outer surfaces are tangency matched at the highlight, and (ii) the inner and outer surfaces have their maximum curvatures at the highlight.

Abstract: Valve for throttling the flow rate of a fluid, distinguished in that it comprises a bolt (12), a pipe section (8) having inner dimension adapted to enclose the bolt sealingly, a groove (13) in at least one of the outer surface of the bolt and the inner surface of the pipe section, the groove providing a fluid passageway between the enclosed bolt and pipe section, an inlet port having fluid connection to an upstream end of the groove, an outlet port having fluid connection to a downstream end of the groove, and means to adjust a coaxial position of the bolt (12) relative to the pipe (8), by moving one or both of the bolt and pipe section, in order to adjust the throttling effect of the valve. System comprising valves of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved grill grate wherein an automated cooking oil system is incorporated into the design of said grill grate. The invention includes a grill grate that has a plurality of outlet holes that align the top surface of the grill grate. The invention also includes a cooking oil pumping system that is in connection with the grill grate.

Abstract: An apparatus is supplied for a self adjusting regulator suited for an irrigation emitter. A curved flow channel is integrated into a concave dome shaped surface. A deformable member deforms to approach the surface to adjust the resistance to flow. The concave dome shaped surface may match a deformed shape of the membrane. Irregularities in the interface between the surface and the deformable member are configured to achieve a desired discharge under varying flow conditions. The deformable member may activate an inlet filter cleaner by pushing a ram and thereby unclogging the filter.

Abstract: Pressure reducers are disclosed that, in some embodiments, are designed for use in a pressurized pipe line to provide variable resistance to flow of process fluid, such as steam or water, with no moving parts. The pressure reducers have an elongate outer shell and an inner sleeve spaced radially inwardly from the outer shell. The outer shell is defined by an outer annular wall having an open end and an end wall opposite the open end. The inner sleeve and the outer shell are connected near the open end. The inner sleeve defines a passageway that extends into a cavity defined by the outer shell and has an outlet that is spaced from the end wall. The outer annular wall and the end wall are perforated by a plurality of flow holes extending therethrough, and the sleeve is preferably not perforated.

Abstract: A homogenizer valve includes two or more pressurized, movable valve cones, two or more valve seats and a valve housing which surrounds the valve cones and the valve seats. The valve cones and the valve seats are disposed so that throttles occur between them, which constitute homogenization gaps, which have a gap height h. The homogenization gaps are disposed at an angle in relation to the horizontal plane. The homogenizer valve is intended to be used in existing homogenizers and has been particularly produced to be able to obtain an efficient homogenization for liquids which are processed at a lower pressure and with a greater flow, such as, for example, pasteurized milk.

Abstract: A cage for a control valve trim assembly includes a cage body having an opening at one end and a wall extending from the opening, a plurality of cage openings disposed in the wall, and a pressure relief mechanism disposed in the cage wall.

Abstract: An ambulatory drug infusion system includes a disposable ambulatory infusion pump and a flow regulator for regulating flow of the drug supplied from the disposable ambulatory infusion pump. The flow regulator includes a cylinder assembly of first, second and third cylinders arranged coaxially. The flow regulator includes a continuous spiral or helical liquid-flow channel formed between the first cylinder and the second cylinder fitted into the first cylinder. The regulator includes bypass through-holes in communication with the spiral or helical channel and formed in the second cylinder. The regulator further includes liquid-flow passages formed between the second cylinder and the third cylinder fitted into the second cylinder. The through-holes are in communication with the passages, respectively. One of the passages can be selected to choose a predetermined flow rate. The regulator further includes a diaphragm valve which can regulate fluid communication between the spiral liquid-flow channel and an outlet.

Abstract: A flow stabilizer includes a base, a noise reduction structure, and a plurality of protrusion structures. The noise reduction structure is disposed on the base. The protrusion structures are disposed between the base and the noise reduction structure. The protrusion structures define a plurality of intervals, and at least two intervals are not equal.

Abstract: A flow regulator for a shower head includes a hollow cylindrical member including a plurality of spaced latches around a center, an annular cavity between the latches and an inner surface of the hollow cylindrical member, and a plurality of exit holes having both ends open in which a first end of the exit hole communicates with the cavity; an O-ring disposed in the cavity to engage the exit holes; and a ring member including a central channel and a plurality of spaced tunnels around the central channel, the ring member being fastened between the latches and the O-ring. The number of the tunnels is equal to that of the exit holes. The tunnels are aligned with the exit holes. A stable flow through the shower head can be carried out.

Abstract: Various embodiments are described herein for a pressure valve for a battery pack comprising a housing that has a cavity, a first plate inside the cavity and an expansible chamber inside the cavity between the first plate and the bottom of the housing. The first plate and the expansible chamber have openings that are in fluid communication with a gas inside the battery pack. The expansible chamber is deformable in order to contract or expand in response to changes in pressure in the gas within the battery pack and the first plate is movable relative to the bottom of the housing.

Abstract: An assembly includes a support including a first passage having a opening along a length of the passage and facing outward from the passage, a clutch support including a second passage having a second opening along a length of the second passage and facing toward the opening, and a sleeve fitted over the first passage, enclosing said open length, and formed with a third passage that hydraulically connects the first passage and the second passage.

Abstract: A structure of water-saving device includes a base, an adjusting ring and a gland. The adjusting ring is mounted in a water-inlet channel. The gland is movably positioned in the base to limit the adjusting ring. A central part of a top surface of the gland sinks downward to form a recess. When water flow impacts the gland, the gland pushes the adjusting ring, such that the adjusting ring is deformed. Since a difference of pressure occurs between a top and bottom surfaces of the gland, the larger the water pressure is, the larger the force from the gland toward the adjusting ring becomes; thus the degree of deformation of the adjusting ring also becomes large, such that the area between the adjusting ring and the bottom surface of the base for water flowing through decreases and the flow of water gradually achieves a stable value.

Abstract: A fluid flow regulator includes a regulating profile which is either centrally or peripherally disposed within the flow rate regulator, and an annular restrictor which is made of an elastic material. In a functional position of the flow rate regulator, the restrictor delimits a control gap between itself and the regulating profile. In a starting position of the flow rate regulator, the flow rate regulator has an unrestricted flow cross section that is larger than the control gap. The unrestricted flow cross section of the flow rate regulator is variable by a deformation of the restrictor in response to a pressure differential that is generated when a fluid flows through the flow rate regulator. The relative position of the restrictor and the regulatory profile is variable, and moveable against a reset force, into the functional position from the starting position, in response to a flow of fluid within the flow rate regulator. The reset force may be provided in the form of a spring.

Abstract: A flow limiter for limiting a volumetric flow through a liquid line, comprising a carrier having a passage and a flat spring attached to the carrier. The flat spring has a spring tongue and the passage has an opening, wherein the spring tongue is above the opening such that the spring tongue increasingly lies against the carrier as differential pressure rises, thereby reducing the opening and continuously reducing the passage within a defined pressure range. A body is arranged upstream of the spring tongue, or the spring tongue is oriented in the flow direction so that the spring tongue offers a direct contact surface to a substantially reduced flow cross-section. Thus the spring tongue is deflected, or rested against the carrier, to a lesser extent at low differential pressure values so that at a low differential pressure, a constant volumetric flow rate and an expanded operating range having a constant volumetric flow rate is achieved.

Abstract: The invention relates to a flow restrictor (1) for restricting a volume flow through a liquid line, said flow restrictor comprising a support (10) having a passage and a bent flat spring (11) attached to the support (10). The flat spring (11) comprises at least one spring tab (12) and the passage at least one opening (13), the spring tab (12) and the opening (13) having a substantially identical extension along a longitudinal direction. The spring tab (12) is designed and arranged above the opening (13) in such a manner that it increasingly rests against the support (10) with increasing differential pressure, thereby gradually making the opening (13) smaller and continuously reducing the passage within a defined pressure range. The dimensions of the opening (13) are adjusted corresponding to the size of the spring tab (12), thereby allowing a compact flow restrictor (1) which is less susceptible to dirt.

Abstract: A water-saving switch equipment, which arranged in the outlet of a tap body, includes a button arranged in the button groove of the tap body, and a water-saving piece arranged under the button. The water-saving piece has a piece which is in the chamber of the outlet. The water-saving switch equipment may adjust the water output without switching on or off the tap's spool.

Abstract: The gas flow restrictor includes a cylindrical body having threads for mounting the body in a gas flow line. One end of the body is closed and includes a plurality of angularly spaced plugs having a predefined diameter that may be the same or different from each other. Each plug is selectively removable from a correspondingly sized orifice, singly or in combination, to set the desired gas flow and thereby reduce incoming gas flow pressure through the lines.

Abstract: A spring-actuator assembly (10) is provided for a fuel pressure regulator. The assembly includes a housing (30) and a washer spring (10) received in the housing. The washer spring has a body (12) with a top surface (13) and a bottom surface (15). The body includes an opening (14) there-through and a plurality of pleats (16, 16?) therein so that that first faces (20) of the top surface are disposed on a plane that is different from a plane of second faces (22) of the top surface. At least certain first faces define contact points (24). The assembly also includes an actuating member (26) disposed at least partially in the opening and engaging the contact points of the certain first faces such that a fluid flow passage (36) are defined between the washer spring and the actuating ball for dampening.

Abstract: A variable pressure reducing device includes a hollow housing body formed with an inlet opening, an outlet opening spaced apart from the inlet opening, and an inner wall surface. The variable pressure reducing device further includes an intake tube that extends into the housing body from the inlet opening. The intake tube is formed with an inlet channel and is further formed with an outer tube surface that cooperates with the inner wall surface to form an outlet channel in fluid communication with the outlet opening. The variable pressure reducing device also includes a redirection structure movably mounted in the housing body and movable relative to the intake tube between a redirecting state and a sealing state.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved homogenisation valve, and more particularly, but not exclusively, to a homogenisation valve for use in homogenising emulsion explosives. The homogenisation device comprises a body having a flow passage therethrough, opposing first and second homogenisation members located in the flow passage; the homogenisation members having opposing homogenisation surfaces that form a flow restriction of the flow passage therebetween. At least one of the homogenisation surfaces has a flow resistance being suitable to cause at least part of the flow passing through the flow restriction to be diverged in a non-linear path across the homogenisation surface.

Abstract: An example fluid pressure reduction device includes a plurality of nested cylinders forming a hollow structure comprising an inner surface and an outer surface. The device also includes a plurality of passageways extending between the inner and outer surfaces through the nested cylinders. At least one of the cylinders includes first apertures substantially differently shaped from second apertures in a second one of the cylinders. At least one of the first apertures has a first wetted perimeter that is greater than a second wetted perimeter of another aperture having the same area as the at least one of the first apertures.